scholarly journals Problem of Ametropia in Children in Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
El Yu. Markova ◽  
L. Yu. Bezmel’nitsyna ◽  
O. V. Kurganova ◽  
N. A. Pron’ko ◽  
L. V. Venediktova
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Level

Refractive errors are remaining one of the most important problems in pediatric ophthalmology. At present, there are changes in organization approaches of prophylactic medical examinations in children. It causes the necessary of comprehensive clinical and economic assessment of their effectiveness.Purpose: to develop the recommendations for improvement of ophthalmological care for children with refractive errors. For diagnostics we used visometry, determination the vision characteristics, determination of chromosensitivity, biomicroscopy, definition of refraction of manifest and cycloplegic, determination of volume and accommodation reserves, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiological study (EFI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundusography.Methods. A retrospective analysis of typical practice of treatment patients with amblyopia and strabismus was organized. Data was processed with mathematical methods and descriptive statistics. Modeling, Budget impact and burden of diseases analyses were used for clinicoeconomical evaluation.Results. 636 patients aged from 5 to 7 years old were included. Depending on the age of the diagnosis of ametropia, three groups were identified. Group I (318 patients): the diagnosis was detected up to 1 year, group II (190 patients) — at the age from 1 to 3 years, Group III: (127 patients) from 3 to 7 years. A direct correlation between the age of ametropia diagnostics and frequency such complications as amblyopia, disturbance of binocular vision and strabismus development of strabismus was established. According to the results of clinical and economic analysis, uncorrected refractive errors in children are characterized by a high level of economic and social burden of disease (the older the age of ametropia diagnosis caused increase of direct medical and non-medical costs). With regard to non-medical costs, we established that a reduction the frequency of courses in vision office and operational treatment results in a reduction in payments to parents on temporary incapacity sheets.Conclusion: the optimal age for diagnostics of refractive errors in up to 1year from both clinical and economic perspective. 

scholarly journals Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spodniewska ◽  
D. Barski
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Variability of Phytochemicals by Breeding Year, Usage and Seed Size of Korean Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Varieties

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Hwang ◽  
Byoung-Deok Park ◽  
Jwakyung Sung ◽  
Hong-Sig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The interest in phytochemicals from crops has grown in recent years, with soybean, as a functional crop, having great potential for providing a high level of nutrition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate phytochemicals from Korean soybean varieties, and to provide the basic information necessary for targeted breeding of soybean. The seeds of 172 soybean varieties were collected from various domestic institutes, and their phytochemicals were analyzed and compared based on agronomic characteristics (color, size, usage, etc.) using cluster analysis. We found that the soybean varieties contained relatively higher levels of the following phytochemicals: lutein (3 var., >7.0 μg g−1 seed), tocopherols (26 var., >300 μg g−1 seed), and phytosterols (33 var., >1000 μg g−1 seed). Overall, phytochemical levels were higher in varieties released since 2000 and with small-sized seeds (<12 g, 100-seed weight). The distribution of phytochemicals varied according to the usage (cooking, sauce, sprouts, etc.), even though the highest levels of each phytochemical were mainly observed in sprouts. The cluster analysis using three main components classified the varieties into five groups. Of them, group III showed relatively higher tocopherols, group IV had relatively higher lutein, and group I had relatively higher phytosterols. Jonam and Manpoong (group I) were observed in varieties high in phytochemicals. Overall, some Korean soybean varieties were found to have relatively higher levels of phytochemicals compared to those reported in previous studies of other origins. In conclusion, our findings suggest that some varieties might provide suitable breeding material for target-centered improvement of soybean varieties, and a comparison between different origins is necessary for providing better knowledge for soybean breeding.

HEIFERS POSTSLAUGHTER MEAT PRODUCTIVITY EVALUATION AT DIET USE OF FEED ADDITIVES BIODARIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Тагиров ◽  
Khamit Tagirov ◽  
Долженкова ◽  
Galina Dolzhenkova
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
High Level

The purpose of research focused on post-slaughter evaluation of meat productivity and meat quality the Kazakh White-headed breed when introduced into the diet of feed additives BioDarin. Presents the results of the control slaughter heifers 18 months old as well as the results of studies of morphological and chemical compositions of the carcass. The research was conducted post-slaughter evaluation of meat productivity and meat quality of heifers of Kazakh White-headed breed when introduced into the diet of feed additives BioDarin. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the basis of JSC AIC «Alga+» Tuimazinsk district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the experiment there were formed 4 groups of heifers of Kazakh white-headed breed: group I – control; group II heifers in addition to the basic diet received a feed additive in a dose of 0.5 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, the animals of group III received 1 kg of the feed additive per 100 kg of grain mixture, peers IV groups received 1.5 kg of a grain mixture. Among the studied groups, heifers of the III experienced group receiving feed additive at a dose of 1.0 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, had a high level of meat productivity. It was found that meat products of the best quality was got also from animals of group III.

scholarly journals Effects of Enoant and Ischemia and Reperfusion on Lens Metabolites of Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hülya Güngel ◽  
Asiye Nurten ◽  
İhsan Kara ◽  
Serife Evrim Kepekci Tekkeli ◽  
Elif Özkök ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ischemia Group ◽  
Dry Diet

The effects of the ischemia and reperfusion on the lens metabolites and the effect of a phytotherapeutic commercial product called “Enoant” (mixed polyphenol content) on the selected lens metabolites were investigated. For this aim, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups according to their diet and being subjected to ischemia. 10 of the rats as Group I were fed on dry diet; the other 10 (Group II) were fed on dry diet and drinking water with Enoant. At the end of 15 days period, both groups of rats were subjected to ischemia for 2 hours and reperfused. After another 15 days with their same diet, the rats were decapitated. The remaining 10 rats, which were not subjected to ischemia (Group III), were fed on dry diet only. 1HNMR spectroscopy was used for the determination of lens metabolites of each group of rats. The results obtained from the three groups have been compared statistically. The differences of metabolites were significant except pyruvate and succinate. Oral administration of Enoant revealed effects on increasing membrane stabilization, the antioxidant capacity, osmotic regulator molecule capacity, and sorbitol content of lens disturbed by ischemia. Enoant can be used where oxidative or osmotic stress is formed.

scholarly journals Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new indicator of oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Birten Emre ◽  
◽  
Ömer Korkmaz ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu ◽  
Selim Çomaklı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Group I ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

The objective of this study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in infertile cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Endometrial cytological samples were collected using a cytobrush to diagnose SCE in 36 infertile cows. According to the results of the cytology examination, those with acute endometritis were classified as Group I (n = 20) and those with chronic endometritis were classified as Group II (n = 16). A control group was formed of heifers as Group III (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from each group on the day of diagnosis (day 0) to analyse TDH. In the cytology examination, both the Giemsa method and immunocytochemical staining were applied to determine chronic inflammation and activity status. In 55.55% (20/36) of the infertile cows with cytological endometritis, the inflammation was determined to be active, and in 44.44% (16/36) it had become chronic. The native thiol and total thiol levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the acute (206.54 ± 8.30 μmol/L; 227.11 ± 9.30 μmol/L) and chronic SCE cases (225.15 ± 11.89 μmol/L; 247.96 ± 10.80 μmol/L) compared to the heathy control group (308.47 ± 13.59 μmol/L; 336.83 ± 15.5 μmol/L respectively) (P<0.001). Disulphide levels, disulphide/total thiol, native thiol/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios were similar in all the groups (P>0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of native thiol, which can be used in the diagnosis of SCE, was 92.8%, that of total thiol was 89.3% and that of disulphide was 64.3% according to the ROC curve analysis. These results demonstrate that TDH is a reliable and sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in cow SCE, and that abnormal TDH might play a role in SCE pathogenic mechanisms. This is the first study to evaluate thiol/disulphide homeostasis in dairy cows with SCE as a new indicator of oxidative stress.

Unreliability of immunochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 in heparinized plasma.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lum
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Paired Serum

Abstract Paired serum and heparinized plasma samples were assayed simultaneously for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme 1 (LD1) activity by a commercially available immunochemical procedure. For all sera specimens tested, only LD1 activity was detected. For heparinized plasma, random discrepancies in LD1 activity were noted at normal (Group I), borderline (Group II), and increased (Group III) total LD activity. Incomplete precipitation of LD-M subunits was confirmed by electrophoresis and occurred in eight of 15, four of 13, and eight of 22 instances (total: 20/50, or 40%) with a mean difference of 13, 10.6, and 18.2 U/L (8.3, 4.0, and 4.4%) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. We conclude that heparinized plasma is an unsuitable sample for the immunochemical determination of LD1.

scholarly journals The toxicokinetics of Bromine in the body of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Yu. Koreneva
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Bromide ◽  
Bromine Content ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The aim of the scientific work was to study the toxicokinetics of Bromine in the body of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet. The subject of the study was the content of bromine in the organs and tissues of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet. The experiment was on laying hens. Three experimental and one control groups of animals were formed (n=15). The background indicator of the Bromine content in the compound feed was 2.0 mg/kg of feed. An aqueous solution of sodium bromide was added daily to the feed of the experimental groups for 28 days, and the observation of the poultry was continued for the next 14 days. The poultry of the experimental groups received bromine with feed at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg, II – 50.0 mg/kg, III – 250.0 mg/kg of feed. The selection of organs was under conditions of euthanasia of the poultry, by total exsanguination, during inhalation chloroform anesthesia on days 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment, 5 animals per group. The following research methods were used in the work: clinical (daily examination of the poultry), pathological (dissection and sampling of organs for research), toxicological (determination of Bromine content using X-ray fluorescence analysis), statistical (processing of the results was carried out by methods of variation statistics using the Statistica 6.0 software ( StatSoft Inc., USA)). It was found that bromine is absorbed most intensively in the small intestine: on the 28th day of the experiment, its content exceeded the control in group I by 6.5 times, in group II – 22 times, in III – 201.1 times. The study of the content of bromine in the liver, spleen, heart, and brain of three experimental groups testifies to the "material" accumulation of the element. In addition to the digestive tract, the excretion of bromine from the body of laying hens occurred through the kidneys, and possibly with exhaled air. In group III, on the 28th day, its content in the kidneys was 23.1 times higher than the control indicator, and on the 14th day in the lungs, the excess of the control indicator was 27.4 times. The excess of the element was not excreted from the body within 14 days after the cessation of the intake of sodium bromide with food. Key words: Bromine, subchronic intake, laying hens, bromine content in organs, toxicokinetics, sodium bromide.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Ye. H. Zaremba ◽  
N. O. Rak ◽  
O. V. Zaremba ◽  
O. V. Zaremba-Fedchyshyn ◽  
M. M. Virna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Group Ii

The aim – to improve the diagnosis efficiency of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) combined with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) based on the study of clinical course, the severity of UCTD external and internal symptoms with determining the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, free and general blood oxyproline. Material and Methods. The study implied examination of 90 patients (52 women and 38 men) with AH of stage 2 from first to third degrees with manifestations of UCTD, who were on inpatient treatment in the Cardiology Department of the Lviv City Communal Clinical Emergency Hospital. The mean age of patients was (61.14±2.58) years. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the stage and degree of hypertension. Group I (n=16) included patients with hypertension of the first degree, group II (n=35) – with AH of the second degree, group III (n=39) – with AH of the third degree. The control group consisted of 20 patients with hypertension without manifestations of CTD. Patients underwent clinical (checkup, palpation, percussion, auscultation), laboratory (determination of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a, free and general oxyprolin blood levels) and instrumental studies (ECG, echocardiography, DBPM, ultrasound examination of internal organs and vessels of the lower extremities, ultrasound duplex examination of the carotid and vertebral arteries, radiological examination of the osteoarticular system), consultations of an ophthalmologist, neurologist, traumatologist and dentist. Results. As a result of the study, in the group I of patients (n=16) UCTD of slight degree of severity was revealed in 13 (81 %), of medium degree – in 3 (19 %) persons. In the group II of patients (n=35), UCTD of moderate severity was found in 30 (86 %), severe – in 5 patients (14 %). In the group III of patients (n=39), UCTD of moderate severity was found in 32 patients (82 %), severe – in 7 (18 %). In the study of the level of TNF-a, an increase compared to the control group was detected, particularly, in the group I of patients its level exceeded in 37.4 times, in the group II – in 39.6 times, in the group III – in 46.2 times (p<0.001). IL-1b increased by 2.6-fold (р<0.05) in the group I of patients compared to the control group, 3.1-fold (р<0.01) – in the group II, and by 3.7-fold, that was the foremost (р<0.001), in patients of the group III. In turn, IL-6 in the group I of patients exceeded the indicators of the control group by 4.3 times (p<0.001), in the group II – 4.8 times (p<0.001), in the group III – 5.7 times (р<0.001). The study of the level of free oxyproline revealed its increase in comparison with the control group, namely in the group I of patients exceeded in 6.12 times, in the group II – in 6.81 times, in the group III – by 7.56 times (р<0.01). The study of the general of bound oxyproline revealed its increase in comparison with the control group, namely in the group I of patients exceeded by 6.98 times, in the group II – by 7.79 times, in the group III – by 9.42 times (p<0.01), which indicates an increase in fibrillogenesis and more pronounced destructive and inflammatory processes in connective tissue. Conclusions. Patients with AH of the stage 2 from first to third degrees with manifestations of UCTD have increased levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a, which are not only sensitive markers of inflammation, but also play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular lesions, occurrence and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombotic vessels occlusion. The determination of blood oxyprolin in patients with hypertension combined with UCTD confirms the presence of CTD, namely the decay of collagen is more pronounced in patients with severe dysplasia.

scholarly journals Influence of the anterior chamber depth on the accuracy of IOL optical power calculation in short eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кирилл Борисович Першин ◽  
Надежда Федоровна Пашинова ◽  
Иван Александрович Лих ◽  
Александр Юрьевич Цыганков ◽  
Абдусамад Аристанович Ахраров
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Determination of the relationship between the anterior chamber depth and the and accuracy of the IOL optical power calculating in the eyes with an axial length of less than 22 mm. Materials and methods. A total of 86 patients (133 eyes) with a short axis (from 18.54 to 21.98 (20.7 0.9) mm) were included in the study. Group I (n=40) consisted of patients with an ACD of less than 2, 5 mm. Group II (n=49) included patients with ACD from 2.5 to 2.9 mm Group III (n=44) included patients with ACD greater than 2.9 mm The calculation of the IOL optical power was carried out according to the formula SRK / T, retrospective comparison - according to the formulas Hoffer-Q, Holladay II, Olsen, Haigis and Barrett Universal II. Results. In group I, there were no significant differences when comparing MedAE for the six formulas (p0.05). The highest MedAE values ​​(0.51 and 0.49, respectively) and the smaller MNE range (-0.03 0.89 and -0.01 0.97, respectively) are shown for the formulas Haigis and Barrett Universal II. In group II, the MedAE for the Haigis formula was 0.45, for SRK / T and Olsen it was 0.59 and 0.66. For the Haigis formula, the lowest MNE value (0.05 0.69) is shown. In group III, no significant differences were found when comparing the average values ​​of MedAE (0.05). The lowest MedAE (0.17) and the best MNE values ​​(-0.01 0.58) are shown for the Haigis formula, while the SRK / T formula was characterized by the highest MedAE (0.37). In group II, the refractive index 0.25 and 0.50 D for the Haigis formula was significantly higher. Conclusion. For eyes with an ACD of less than 2.4 mm, none of the formulas showed a significant advantage, while with an ACD of 2.4-2.9 mm and higher, the use of the Haigis formula is recommended, and the SRK / T formula showed the worst result. The data obtained dictate the need to review existing standards for calculating the IOL optical power in patients with short eyes depending on ACD.

scholarly journals PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN POLAND IN 2015 (REGIONAL STUDY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kukuła
Keyword(s):  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The Status ◽  
Multiple Criteria Evaluation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Environmental Activities

The author of the article sets out to perform two tasks. The first is an attempt to present the construction techniques of a ranking of items (in this case – voivodships) in terms of the level of a complex phenomenon, and then to present a method of division of items into groups with similar values of the synthetic variable. The second goal is to present the condition of pro-environmental activities in Poland in 2015 in the regional system. In order to implement this objective, diagnostic variables have been selected, describing the condition of activities for environmental protection. Based on the following criteria: substantive and sufficient variability, 11 diagnostic features have been selected. These variables constitute the basis for multiple criteria evaluation of a complex phenomenon (pro-environmental activities). Based on the described procedures, a ranking of voivodeships has been created on the basis of the status of pro-environmental activities in Poland. The set of items (voivodships) has been divided into 3 groups: group I – voivodships with a high level of pro-environmental activities, group II – voivodships with an average level, and group III with a relatively low level. The quantitative proportions of voivodships in particular groups are as follows, respectively: 4 : 6 : 6.

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