scholarly journals Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Spodniewska ◽  
D. Barski
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Malondialdehyde levels can be measured in serum and saliva by using a fast HPLC method with visible detection / Determinarea printr-o metodă HPLC-VIS rapidă a concentraţiilor serice şi salivare ale malondialdehidei

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽  
Mircea Dumitru Croitoru ◽  
Ibolya Fülöp ◽  
Enikő Nemes-Nagy ◽  
Robert Gabriel Tripon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Repeated Sample

Abstract Oxidative stress appears when the amount of free radicals that are formed in a living organism exceed its spin-trapping ability. One of the most dangerous free radicals that are formed in the human body is the hydroxyl radical. It can alter several biomolecules, including the unsaturated fatty acids; this process is known as lipid peroxidation and can lead to cell necrosis and generation of several harmful byproducts including malondialdehyde, which serves also as a biomarker of oxidative stress. A new HPLC method with visible detection was developed for the detection of malondialdehyde in human serum and saliva samples. The method was verified in terms of specificity, linearity, limits of detection (0.35 ng/ml), limit of quantification (1.19 ng/ml), recovery (90.13±10.25 – 107.29±14.33) and precision (3.84±1.49% – 6.66±1.76%). An analysis time of only 1 minute was obtained and no interferences from the matrices were observed. Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation test) showed a moderate correlation (R = 0.5061, p = 0.0099) between serum and saliva concentrations (N = 25). The possibility of measuring salivary concentrations of malondialdehyde extents the applications of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation estimations to categories of population unreachable before (pregnant women, small children, etc); repeated sample studies are also easier to make.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Block: Effect of Experience of Anesthesiologists on Volume of Local Anesthetic Administered

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tugce Yeniocak ◽  
Nur Canbolat
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sonographic Guidance ◽  
Group I ◽  
American Society

Performing a block under ultrasound guidance effectively requires skill; however, inexperienced anesthesiologists often use high-dose LA to ensure success. We aimed to share our experience with the ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block (USGICB) for upper extremity surgeries and to determine changes in failure rate and local anesthetic dose administered with gaining adequate experience. With approval from the local ethics committee, a retrospective review of records of 2953 patients who underwent USGICB between November 2011 and March 2015 was performed for evaluating the following data: age, sex, height, weight, operation type, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score, local anesthetic volume, complications, and success of USGICB. The patients were divided into 4 groups of 10 months each from November 2011 to March 2015: first 10-month period, 628 cases (group I); second 10-month period, 672 (group II); third 10-month period, 720 (group III); and the fourth 10-month period, 933 cases (group IV). Nine anesthesiologists with the same baseline experience in USG performed the blocks. During the initial period, when anesthesiologists had insufficient experience, local anesthetic (LA) dose, success rate, failed blocks, and complications were investigated. The LA volume administered in group I (33.7 ± 4.2 ml) was significantly higher than that in groups II, III, and IV (p<0.05). Although a reduction in LA volume administered with increasing anesthesiologist experience was not statistically significant, a volume reduction of over 30 ml was observed in groups II, III, and IV compared with group I. Furthermore, in group I, failure rate (3.2%) was higher than that in groups II, III, and IV (p<0.05). We concluded that sonographic guidance ensures a high success rate and that increased experience of anesthesiologists is associated with reduced complications and failure rate of blocks, in addition to prevention of LA overdose.

Lycopene modulates cholinergic dysfunction, Bcl-2/Bax balance, and antioxidant enzymes gene transcripts in monosodium glutamate (E621) induced neurotoxicity in a rat model

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadry Sadek ◽  
Tarek Abouzed ◽  
Sherif Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on brain tissue and the relative ability of lycopene to avert these neurotoxic effects were investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: group I, untreated (placebo); group II, injected with MSG (5 mg·kg−1) s.c.; group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg·kg−1) p.o.; and group IV received MSG with lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 30 days. The results showed that MSG induced elevation in lipid peroxidation marker and perturbation in the antioxidant homeostasis and increased the levels of brain and serum cholinesterase (ChE), total creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes BB (CPK-BB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were increased and glutathione content was reduced in the MSG-challenged rats, and these effects were ameliorated by lycopene. Furthermore, MSG induced apoptosis in brain tissues reflected in upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax while lycopene upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Our results indicate that lycopene appears to be highly effective in relieving the toxic effects of MSG by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inducing modifications in the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant pathways. Interestingly, lycopene protects brain tissue by inhibiting apoptosis signaling induced by MSG.

scholarly journals Effects of Enoant and Ischemia and Reperfusion on Lens Metabolites of Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hülya Güngel ◽  
Asiye Nurten ◽  
İhsan Kara ◽  
Serife Evrim Kepekci Tekkeli ◽  
Elif Özkök ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Membrane Stabilization ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ischemia Group ◽  
Dry Diet

The effects of the ischemia and reperfusion on the lens metabolites and the effect of a phytotherapeutic commercial product called “Enoant” (mixed polyphenol content) on the selected lens metabolites were investigated. For this aim, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups according to their diet and being subjected to ischemia. 10 of the rats as Group I were fed on dry diet; the other 10 (Group II) were fed on dry diet and drinking water with Enoant. At the end of 15 days period, both groups of rats were subjected to ischemia for 2 hours and reperfused. After another 15 days with their same diet, the rats were decapitated. The remaining 10 rats, which were not subjected to ischemia (Group III), were fed on dry diet only. 1HNMR spectroscopy was used for the determination of lens metabolites of each group of rats. The results obtained from the three groups have been compared statistically. The differences of metabolites were significant except pyruvate and succinate. Oral administration of Enoant revealed effects on increasing membrane stabilization, the antioxidant capacity, osmotic regulator molecule capacity, and sorbitol content of lens disturbed by ischemia. Enoant can be used where oxidative or osmotic stress is formed.

scholarly journals Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new indicator of oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Birten Emre ◽  
◽  
Ömer Korkmaz ◽  
Ismail Koyuncu ◽  
Selim Çomaklı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Group I ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

The objective of this study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in infertile cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Endometrial cytological samples were collected using a cytobrush to diagnose SCE in 36 infertile cows. According to the results of the cytology examination, those with acute endometritis were classified as Group I (n = 20) and those with chronic endometritis were classified as Group II (n = 16). A control group was formed of heifers as Group III (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from each group on the day of diagnosis (day 0) to analyse TDH. In the cytology examination, both the Giemsa method and immunocytochemical staining were applied to determine chronic inflammation and activity status. In 55.55% (20/36) of the infertile cows with cytological endometritis, the inflammation was determined to be active, and in 44.44% (16/36) it had become chronic. The native thiol and total thiol levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the acute (206.54 ± 8.30 μmol/L; 227.11 ± 9.30 μmol/L) and chronic SCE cases (225.15 ± 11.89 μmol/L; 247.96 ± 10.80 μmol/L) compared to the heathy control group (308.47 ± 13.59 μmol/L; 336.83 ± 15.5 μmol/L respectively) (P<0.001). Disulphide levels, disulphide/total thiol, native thiol/total thiol and disulphide/native thiol ratios were similar in all the groups (P>0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of native thiol, which can be used in the diagnosis of SCE, was 92.8%, that of total thiol was 89.3% and that of disulphide was 64.3% according to the ROC curve analysis. These results demonstrate that TDH is a reliable and sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in cow SCE, and that abnormal TDH might play a role in SCE pathogenic mechanisms. This is the first study to evaluate thiol/disulphide homeostasis in dairy cows with SCE as a new indicator of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Problem of Ametropia in Children in Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
El Yu. Markova ◽  
L. Yu. Bezmel’nitsyna ◽  
O. V. Kurganova ◽  
N. A. Pron’ko ◽  
L. V. Venediktova
Keyword(s):  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Level

Refractive errors are remaining one of the most important problems in pediatric ophthalmology. At present, there are changes in organization approaches of prophylactic medical examinations in children. It causes the necessary of comprehensive clinical and economic assessment of their effectiveness.Purpose: to develop the recommendations for improvement of ophthalmological care for children with refractive errors. For diagnostics we used visometry, determination the vision characteristics, determination of chromosensitivity, biomicroscopy, definition of refraction of manifest and cycloplegic, determination of volume and accommodation reserves, ophthalmoscopy, electrophysiological study (EFI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundusography.Methods. A retrospective analysis of typical practice of treatment patients with amblyopia and strabismus was organized. Data was processed with mathematical methods and descriptive statistics. Modeling, Budget impact and burden of diseases analyses were used for clinicoeconomical evaluation.Results. 636 patients aged from 5 to 7 years old were included. Depending on the age of the diagnosis of ametropia, three groups were identified. Group I (318 patients): the diagnosis was detected up to 1 year, group II (190 patients) — at the age from 1 to 3 years, Group III: (127 patients) from 3 to 7 years. A direct correlation between the age of ametropia diagnostics and frequency such complications as amblyopia, disturbance of binocular vision and strabismus development of strabismus was established. According to the results of clinical and economic analysis, uncorrected refractive errors in children are characterized by a high level of economic and social burden of disease (the older the age of ametropia diagnosis caused increase of direct medical and non-medical costs). With regard to non-medical costs, we established that a reduction the frequency of courses in vision office and operational treatment results in a reduction in payments to parents on temporary incapacity sheets.Conclusion: the optimal age for diagnostics of refractive errors in up to 1year from both clinical and economic perspective. 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACOSIDE A ON LIPID PEROXIDATION IN D-GALACTOSE INDUCED AGING MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sushama Pawar ◽  
Manmohini Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacoside A ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Objective: Bacoside A is a major bioactive constituent of Bacopa monnieri L having antioxidant property. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacoside A, on lipid peroxidation in brain, heart and liver during induced aging.Methods: Male Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus was used for the present investigation. Four experimental groups were used as Group I-Normal adult, Group II-D-galactose induced, Group III-D-galactose induced plus Bacoside A treated and Group IV-Natural aging. The effect of Bacoside A was studied against lipid peroxidation during induced aging. The level of lipid peroxidation in the form of MDA formation was determined and measured in brain, heart and liver.Results: The statistical data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA, control vs other groups and results were expressed as mean±SE. In Bacoside A treated group the lipid peroxidation level in heart, brain and liver was significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to control group. A significant increase (p<0.0001) in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in D-galactose induced mice. In natural aging group highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in initial lipid peroxidation, ascorbate dependent lipid peroxidation and spontaneous lipid peroxidation was observed.Conclusion: The observations revealed that, lipid peroxidation was reversed in Bacoside A treated group which may be due to antioxidant property of Bacoside A. Thus Bacoside A is able to ameliorate the stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation during aging. The findings also provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel therapeutic formulations, such as antioxidant supplementation to boost antioxidant defenses in the body.

Unreliability of immunochemical determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 in heparinized plasma.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lum
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Paired Serum

Abstract Paired serum and heparinized plasma samples were assayed simultaneously for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme 1 (LD1) activity by a commercially available immunochemical procedure. For all sera specimens tested, only LD1 activity was detected. For heparinized plasma, random discrepancies in LD1 activity were noted at normal (Group I), borderline (Group II), and increased (Group III) total LD activity. Incomplete precipitation of LD-M subunits was confirmed by electrophoresis and occurred in eight of 15, four of 13, and eight of 22 instances (total: 20/50, or 40%) with a mean difference of 13, 10.6, and 18.2 U/L (8.3, 4.0, and 4.4%) in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. We conclude that heparinized plasma is an unsuitable sample for the immunochemical determination of LD1.

scholarly journals Quality of Live Improvement Antituberculosis Consumer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Jumasni Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Antituberculosis is the most liver damage causes. Rifampicin and Isoniazide, in combination, are toxic compounds. Isoniazide and rifampicin metabolits causes lipid peroxidation. The hepatoprotective effect of rosella calyx water extract on liver damage induced with Isoniazide-rifampicin evaluated by examination of malondialdehid levels in the liver organ. 25 male wistar rats divided into 5 groups, ie group I (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 250 mg/kgBW), group II (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 125 mg/kgBW), group III (INH-rifampicin + rosella water extract 62.5 mg/kgBW),  group IV (healthy control) and group V (Isoniazide-rifampicin). MDA liver levels were analyzed after 35 days of treatments. The test results of each group are, group I has mean MDA levels 0.023912 + 0.011 mg/ml, group II 0.023526 + 0.009 mg/ml, group III 0.027168 + 0.007 mg/ml group IV 0.03437 + 0.009 mg/ml and group V 0.236846 + 0.118 mg/ml. The kruskal-wallis test showed significantly value 0.008 (p 0.05) and Post hoc Mann U whitney test showed that group V was significantly different to group I, II, III, and IV (p = 0.008) respectively, roselle extract can be used as a hepatoprotector antioxidant to improve the tuberculosis drug consumer quality of life through improved health by lowering lipid peroxidation that causes liver damage.

scholarly journals The toxicokinetics of Bromine in the body of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Yu. Koreneva
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Bromide ◽  
Bromine Content ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The aim of the scientific work was to study the toxicokinetics of Bromine in the body of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet. The subject of the study was the content of bromine in the organs and tissues of laying hens under conditions of subchronic administration of sodium bromide diet. The experiment was on laying hens. Three experimental and one control groups of animals were formed (n=15). The background indicator of the Bromine content in the compound feed was 2.0 mg/kg of feed. An aqueous solution of sodium bromide was added daily to the feed of the experimental groups for 28 days, and the observation of the poultry was continued for the next 14 days. The poultry of the experimental groups received bromine with feed at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg, II – 50.0 mg/kg, III – 250.0 mg/kg of feed. The selection of organs was under conditions of euthanasia of the poultry, by total exsanguination, during inhalation chloroform anesthesia on days 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment, 5 animals per group. The following research methods were used in the work: clinical (daily examination of the poultry), pathological (dissection and sampling of organs for research), toxicological (determination of Bromine content using X-ray fluorescence analysis), statistical (processing of the results was carried out by methods of variation statistics using the Statistica 6.0 software ( StatSoft Inc., USA)). It was found that bromine is absorbed most intensively in the small intestine: on the 28th day of the experiment, its content exceeded the control in group I by 6.5 times, in group II – 22 times, in III – 201.1 times. The study of the content of bromine in the liver, spleen, heart, and brain of three experimental groups testifies to the "material" accumulation of the element. In addition to the digestive tract, the excretion of bromine from the body of laying hens occurred through the kidneys, and possibly with exhaled air. In group III, on the 28th day, its content in the kidneys was 23.1 times higher than the control indicator, and on the 14th day in the lungs, the excess of the control indicator was 27.4 times. The excess of the element was not excreted from the body within 14 days after the cessation of the intake of sodium bromide with food. Key words: Bromine, subchronic intake, laying hens, bromine content in organs, toxicokinetics, sodium bromide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document