scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PAINEL PARTICULADO DE MADEIRA COM ADIÇÃO DE MATERIAL LIGNOCELULÓSICO ALTERNATIVO NA CAMADA INTERMEDIÁRIA / CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD PARTICLEBOARD WITH ADDITION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIAL ALTERNATIVE IN MIDDLE LAYER

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Cristiane Inácio de CAMPOS ◽  
Bruno S. FERREIRA ◽  
Glaucia Aparecida PRATES ◽  
Danielle GOVEIA
Keyword(s):  
Middle Layer ◽  
Lignocellulosic Material

scholarly journals Characterization of 1-3 Piezoelectric Composite with a 3-Tier Polymer Structure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Sun ◽  
Likun Wang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Factor ◽  
Polymer Structure ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Piezoelectric Composite ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Effective Parameters

In order to boost the electromechanical coupling factor and decrease the characteristic impedance, a 1-3 piezoelectric composite with a 3-tier polymer structure was designed and fabricated, in which epoxy resin constitutes the middle layer and silicone rubber is used to clamp the epoxy. The effective parameters of the composite, such as resonant frequency, electromechanical coupling factor, and characteristic impedance, were studied by the finite element method and experiment. The experimental results indicate that the electromechanical coupling factor of the composite is enhanced by 8.4% and the characteristic impedance is decreased by 52.8%, compared with the traditional 1-3 ceramic/epoxy composite.

Fabrication and characterization of Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu interconnection microstructure for electromigration studies in 3D integration

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xiao ◽  
Walid Madhat Munief ◽  
Fengshun Wu ◽  
Rainer Lilischkis ◽  
Tobias Oberbillig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
3D Integration ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cu Electroplating ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Photolithography Process

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fabricate a new Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu interconnection microstructure for electromigration studies in 3D integration. Design/methodology/approach The Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu interconnection microstructure is fabricated by a three-mask photolithography process with different electroplating processes. This microstructure consists of pads and conductive lines as the bottom layer, Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu pillars with the diameter of 10-40 μm as the middle layer and Cu conductive lines as the top layer. A lift-off process is adopted for the bottom layer. The Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu pillars are fabricated by photolithography with sequential electroplating processes. To fabricate the top layer, a sputtered Cu layer is introduced to prevent the middle-layer photoresist from being developed. With the final Cu electroplating processes, the Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu interconnection microstructure is successfully achieved. Findings The surface morphology of Cu-Sn pillars consists of densely packed clusters which are formed by an ordered arrangement of tetragonal Sn grains. The diffusion of Cu atoms into the Sn phases is observed at the Cu/Sn interface. Furthermore, the obtained Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu pillars have a flat surface with an average roughness of 13.9 nm. In addition, the introduction of Ni layer between the Sn and the top Cu layers in the Cu-Sn-Ni-Cu pillars can mitigate the diffusion of Cu atoms into Sn phases. The process is verified by checking the electrical performance using four-point probe measurements. Originality/value The method described in this paper which combined a three-mask photolithography process with sequential Cu, Sn, Ni and Cu electroplating processes provides a new way to fabricate the interconnection microstructure for future electromigration studies.

scholarly journals Analytical modelling of thermal residual stresses and optimal design of ZrO2-(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Transitional Layer ◽  
Thermal Residual Stresses ◽  
Finite Element Package ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Deformation Compatibility

The joining of ceramics with metals have been extensively used in applications requiring high strength and excellent heat insulation. However, evaluating the residual stress generated inevitably due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion of ceramic and metal is challenging, which is very important for fabrication and characterization of layered inhomogeneous material. A simplified analytical model considering the overall deformation compatibility is established to compute the interlaminar residual stresses of the ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics, which agrees well with the results obtained by the commercial finite element package. The effects of the thickness ratio of the transitional layer to the middle layer, and the number of transitional layers on the properties of the ZrO2/(ZrO2+Ni) sandwich ceramics are researched to obtain the optimal structure.

scholarly journals Benchmark study using a multi-scale, multi-methodological approach for the petrophysical characterization of reservoir sandstones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peleg Haruzi ◽  
Regina Katsman ◽  
Matthias Halisch ◽  
Nicolas Waldmann ◽  
Baruch Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Quartz Arenite ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Sandstones

Abstract. This paper presents a detailed description and evaluation of a multi-methodological petrophysical approach for the comprehensive multiscale characterization of reservoir sandstones. The suggested methodology enables the identification of Darcy-scale permeability links to an extensive set of geometrical, textural and topological rock descriptors quantified at the pore scale. This approach is applied to the study of samples from three consecutive sandstone layers of Lower Cretaceous age in northern Israel. These layers differ in features observed at the outcrop, hand specimen, petrographic microscope and micro-CT scales. Specifically, laboratory porosity and permeability measurements of several centimetre-sized samples show low variability in the quartz arenite (top and bottom) layers but high variability in the quartz wacke (middle) layer. The magnitudes of this variability are also confirmed by representative volume sizes and by statistical anisotropy analyses conducted on micro-CT-imaged 3D pore geometries. Two scales of porosity variability are revealed by applying variogram analysis to the top layer: fluctuations at 150 μm are due to variability in the pore size, and those at 2 mm are due to the occurrence of high- and low-porosity bands occluded by iron oxide cementation. This millimetre-scale variability is found to control the laboratory-measured macroscopic rock permeability. Good agreement between the permeability upscaled from the pore-scale modelling and the estimates based on laboratory measurements is shown for the quartz arenite (top) layer. The proposed multi-methodological approach leads to an accurate petrophysical characterization of reservoir sandstones with broad ranges of textural, topological and mineralogical characteristics and is particularly applicable for describing anisotropy at various rock scales. The results of this study also contribute to the geological interpretation of the studied stratigraphic units.

scholarly journals Separation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Cell Subtype according to Their Motility Using a Multi-Layer CiGiP Culture

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Xiang Wang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jing-Jing Fu ◽  
Zhisong Lu ◽  
Ling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tumor Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Subtype ◽  
Migration Potential

Cancer cell metastasis has been recognized as one hallmark of malignant tumor progression; thus, measuring the motility of cells, especially tumor cell migration, is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor drugs. Here, we used a paper-based cell migration platform to separate and isolate cells according to their distinct motility. A multi-layer cells-in-gels-in-paper (CiGiP) stack was assembled. Only a small portion of DU 145 prostate cancer cells seeded in the middle layer could successfully migrate into the top and bottom layers of the stack, showing heterogeneous motility. The cells with distinct migration were isolated for further analysis. Quantitative PCR assay results demonstrated that cells with higher migration potential had increased expression of the ALDH1A1, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, NANOG, and octamer-binding transcription 4. Increased doxorubicin tolerance was also observed in cells that migrated through the CiGiP layers. In summary, the separation and characterization of prostate cancer cell subtype can be achieved by using the multi-layer CiGiP cell migration platform.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from a new raw lignocellulosic material: Flamboyant (Delonix regia) pods

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandro M.M. Vargas ◽  
André L. Cazetta ◽  
Clarice A. Garcia ◽  
Juliana C.G. Moraes ◽  
Eurica M. Nogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Lignocellulosic Material ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

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