Smell and Taste Dysfunction in COVID-19 Is Associated With Younger Age in Ambulatory Settings: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of anaemia among children aged 6–23 months in a rural county in China, and to explore the influencing factors and the main causes of anaemia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingHuzhu County in Qinghai Province, ChinaParticipantsWe selected 38 sampled villages using Proportional to Population Size sampling method. We obtained the name list of children aged 6–23 months in each sampled village and planned to survey all the eligible children aged 6–23 months and their caregivers.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe prevalence of anaemia, the influencing factors of anaemia, the laboratory tests for biological causes of anaemia, including serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, folic acid, homocysteine and vitamin B12.ResultsA total of 754 children aged 6–23 months and their caregivers were surveyed, and 183 anaemic children aged 12–23 months were collected venous blood sample. The anaemia prevalence of children aged 6–23 months in Huzhu County was 59.1%. Children of younger age (OR=0.968, 95% CI 0.940 to 0.998), Tibetan nationality (OR=3.123, 95% CI 1.473 to 6.623) and not introducing meat (OR=0.698, 95% CI 0.499 to 0.976) were more likely to be anaemic. More than 80% of children with anaemia were due to iron deficiency (ID), and 20.2% of them had both iron and folic acid deficiencies.ConclusionsThe anaemia prevalence of children aged 6–23 months in Huzhu County was high and children of younger age, Tibetan nationality and not introducing meat were more likely to be anaemic. The main cause of anaemia was nutritional anaemia, with the vast majority being ID. Interventions of feeding counselling and nutrients supplements are appropriate and should be further strengthened.Trial registration numberChiCTRPRC12002444.

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Previous Early Antenatal Service Utilization Improves Timely Booking: Cross-Sectional Study at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Pregnancy ◽

10.1155/2014/132494 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Tadesse Belayneh ◽

Mulat Adefris ◽

Gashaw Andargie

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Formal Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Younger Age ◽

Maternal And Neonatal Health ◽

Late Booking

Background.Early booking of antenatal care (ANC) is regarded as a cornerstone of maternal and neonatal health care. However, existing evidence from developing countries indicate that lots of pregnant woman begin ANC booking lately.Objective.It was aimed to assess timing of ANC booking and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC clinic at University of Gondar Hospital, 2013.Methods.An institution based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data with a face-to-face interview technique. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify associated factors for early ANC visit using SPSS version 20.Results.From total women (N = 369) interviewed, 47.4% were timely booked. Mothers with younger age (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.89, 10.53), formal education (AOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03, −7.61), previous early ANC visit (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 2.23, 9.86), and perceived ANC visit per pregnancy of four and greater were significantly associated with early ANC visit.Conclusions.Although late booking is a problem in this study, previous early utilization of ANC visit favors current timely booking. This indicates that the importance of early booking was appropriately addressed from previous visits. Counseling of timely booking during ANC visit should be strengthened. Moreover, empowering through education is also recommended.

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Who Uses a Price Transparency Tool? Implications for Increasing Consumer Engagement

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/0046958017709104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 004695801770910

Author(s):

Rebecca A. Gourevitch ◽

Sunita Desai ◽

Andrew L. Hicks ◽

Laura A. Hatfield ◽

Michael E. Chernew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Treatment Cost ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Price Transparency ◽

Medical Spending ◽

Younger Age ◽

Over Time

Despite the recent proliferation of price transparency tools, consumer use and awareness of these tools is low. Better strategies to increase the use of price transparency tools are needed. To inform such efforts, we studied who is most likely to use a price transparency tool. We conducted a cross-sectional study of use of the Truven Treatment Cost Calculator among employees at 2 large companies for the 12 months following the introduction of the tool in 2011-2012. We examined frequency of sign-ons and used multivariate logistic regression to identify which demographic and health care factors were associated with greater use of the tool. Among the 70 408 families offered the tool, 7885 (11%) used it at least once and 854 (1%) used it at least 3 times in the study period. Greater use of the tool was associated with younger age, living in a higher income community, and having a higher deductible. Families with moderate annual out-of-pocket medical spending ($1000-$2779) were also more likely to use the tool. Consistent with prior work, we find use of this price transparency tool is low and not sustained over time. Employers and payers need to pursue strategies to increase interest in and engagement with health care price information, particularly among consumers with higher medical spending.

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Adherence to substitute opioid prescribing: survey of inner-London drug services

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.bp.108.021154 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 336-340

Author(s):

John Dunn ◽

Michael Haskew ◽

Anshuman Pant

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Services ◽

Younger Age ◽

Urine Drug

Aims and MethodTo investigate non-adherence to substitute opioid treatment, using a cross-sectional study design, with 630 patients from three London community drug services. Adherence was measured as the number of doses collected from the pharmacy as a proportion of the total number of doses stipulated on the prescription during a 28-day period and was further investigated through laboratory urine drug screens.ResultsOverall, 30.5% (n= 191) of individuals failed to pick up at least one dose of medication from the pharmacy over 1 month, but only 1.6% (n= 10) missed 50% or more of their doses. Non-adherence was associated with supervised consumption, more frequent pick-up, shorter duration of treatment, younger age, a lower dose of methadone and a recent urinalysis result positive for opiates.Clinical ImplicationsTreatment services need to monitor levels of adherence to treatment and develop strategies to improve it so that treatment can be optimised effectively.

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Risk factors of developing Pneumonia Among Confirmed Measles Cases

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v52i4.358 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle C. Ylade

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Philippines ◽

Measles Vaccine ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Measles Outbreaks

Background. Deaths may occur due to complications of measles. The most common measles complication is pneumonia and accounts for most measles-related deaths. Objective. The study aimed to identify risk factors for developing pneumonia among measles cases. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted using measles surveillance data from an outbreak in the Philippines from January 2013 to December 2014. Data on age, sex, area of residence, clinical manifestations, receipt of measles vaccine, and other exposure variables were obtained and analyzed using logistic regression. Results. Approximately 25,166 confirmed measles cases were included in the study where 16% had pneumonia. Potential risk factors identified in the development of pneumonia among confirmed measles cases were younger age (<5 years = OR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.81,3.42; 5-14 years = OR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.64,3.33), resident of Mindanao (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.74,2.74), presence of cough (OR 5.51, 95% CI: 2.04,14.86), presence of conjunctivitis (OR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.11,1.55), and being admitted to hospital (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 2.57,3.90). Confirmed measles cases with receipt of measles containing vaccine (MCV) (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63,0.87) were found to be less likely to have pneumonia. Conclusion. These risk factors help identify cases requiring prompt management to reduce morbidity and mortality in any future measles outbreaks.

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Gambaran Komplikasi Oral Pada Pasien yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di Badan Layanan Umum RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.1.2.2013.3139 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Made Ary Prawira

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Destructive Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Oral Complications ◽

Taste Dysfunction ◽

Chemotherapy Agents

Pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi seringkali mengalami masalah pada rongga mulutnya. Hal ini bisa disebabkan karena agen kemoterapi pada umumnya menyebabkan efek destruktif langsung pada jaringan sekitar rongga mulut dan juga secara tidak langsung dengan menginduksi myelosupresi dan imunosupresi. Komplikasi oral yang banyak dijumpai pada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi ialah mukositis oral, kandidiasis, xerostomia, gangguan pengecapan dan perdarahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran komplikasi oral yang terjadi pada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi di Badan Layanan Umum RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado serta angka kejadian dari komplikasi oral tersebut berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, jenis kemoterapi, lama kemoterapi serta jenis kanker yang dialami oleh pasien tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 64 yang didapat berdasarkan rumus Cochran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xerostomia dan mukositis oral merupakan komplikasi oral yang paling banyak dialami pasien setelah menjalani kemoterapi dengan angka kejadian lebih dari 60%. Sedangkan komplikasi oral lain seperti kandidiasis, gangguan pengecapan dan perdarahan memiliki angka kejadian lebih dari 25%. Dari hasil penelitian, disarankan kepada para klinisi harus lebih memperhatikan berbagai macam komplikasi oral yang timbul pada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi. Kerja sama yang baik antara pasien, dokter gigi dan oncologist sangat penting dilakukan untuk meminimalisir angka kejadian komplikasi oral yang ditimbulkan akibat perawatan kemoterapi.Kata kunci: Pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi, komplikasi oralABSTRACTPatients undergoing chemotherapy often experience problems in oral cavity. This could be happen because the chemotherapy agents cause direct destructive effect on surrounding tissues of the oral cavity, also indirectly by inducing myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Oral complications are often found in patients undergoing chemotherapy is an oral mucositis, candidiasis, xerostomia, taste dysfunction and hemorrhage. The purpose of this research is to describe the oral complications that occur in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy at BLU RSUP Prof Dr. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado as well as the incidence of oral complications by age, gender, type of chemotherapy, duration of chemotherapy and other types of cancer experienced by these patients. The type of this research is descriptive with cross sectional study. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling with 64 samples were obtained by Cochran formula. The result showed that oral mucositis and xerostomia are the most oral complications experienced by patients after undergoing chemotherapy with an incidence of more than 60%. While other oral complications such as candidiasis, taste dysfunction and hemorrhage had an incidence of more than 25%. From the research, it is recommended to clinicians should pay more attention to a variety of oral complications arising in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Good cooperation between the patient, dentist and oncologist is very important to minimize the incidence of oral complications caused by chemotherapy treatment. Keywords: Patients undergoing chemotherapy, oral complications

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Impact of salt taste dysfunction on interdialytic weight gain for hemodialysis patients; a cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-019-1312-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mai Tanaka ◽

Hiroki Nishiwaki ◽

Hiroshi Kado ◽

Yohei Doi ◽

Chieko Ihoriya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salt Taste ◽

Interdialytic Weight Gain ◽

Taste Dysfunction

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How to increase the attractiveness of undergraduate rural clerkships? A cross-sectional study among medical students at two German medical schools

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e046357

Author(s):

Sabine Herget ◽

Melanie Nafziger ◽

Stephanie Sauer ◽

Markus Bleckwenn ◽

Thomas Frese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Small Town ◽

Medical Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Substantial Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Career Option ◽

Younger Age ◽

Rural Teaching

ObjectivesWhile literature provides substantial evidence that undergraduate rural clerkships may contribute to attract medical students to rural careers, so far little is known about how to convince medical students to choose rural teaching sites for their clerkships, which is usually optional. Thus, this study aimed to investigate students’ preferences and perceptions regarding different rural teaching and clerkship formats, important side conditions and suitable communication strategies to promote rural clerkships.DesignCross-sectional study based on a quantitative survey among medical students in advanced study years.SettingTwo German medical schools (Leipzig and Halle-Wittenberg).ParticipantsMedical students in third to fifth year (of six).ResultsResponse rate was 87.1% with n=909 analysable questionnaires. Participants’ mean age was 25.0 years and 65.2% were women. For 97.9% of the students completing some kind of rural clerkship was imaginable, for 90.8% even participation in a rural clerkship of 4 weeks and longer. Nearly half of the students (48.0%) specified that a rural clerkship 4 weeks and longer was ‘absolutely imaginable’. Younger age, having grown up in a rural or small-town region, being able to imagine future working in a small-town or rural area, and general practice as favoured, or at least conceivable career option were independently associated with a higher willingness to complete longer rural clerkships. Financial and organisational issues including remuneration of the clerkship, cost absorption for travelling and accommodation, and accessibility by public transport were the most important side conditions to increase the attractiveness of rural clerkships. Experience reports by fellow students, social media and informational events were stated to be the most suitable ways to advertise rural teaching offers.ConclusionsThe majority of the students are open-minded regarding even longer rural clerkships. This study adds new insights into measures that should be taken to convince them to actually chose this option.

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Anosmia in COVID-19 patients

10.1101/2020.04.28.20083311 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Hornuss ◽

Berit Lange ◽

Nils Schröter ◽

Siegbert Rieg ◽

Winfried V. Kern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Standardized Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Institutional Review Board ◽

Unusual Presentation ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Taste Dysfunction

AbstractObjectivesCoronaviruses (CoVs) have a neuroinvasive propensity, and the frequently reported symptoms of smelling and taste dysfunction in many COVID-19 patients may be related to the respective capability of SARS-CoV2, the cause of the current pandemic. In this study we objectified and quantified the magnitude and underreporting of the smelling dysfunction caused by COVID-19 using a standardized test.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cross-sectional study comparing the proportion of anosmia using Sniffin-sticks in those reporting a loss of smell, in those who did not as well as in uninfected controls. The outcome of anosmic versus not anosmic patients were recorded during hospital stay and at day 15 on a six-category ordinal scale. The study was approved by the institutional review board, all participants consented to the study.Results40% of 45 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 0% of 45 uninfected controls consenting were diagnosed with anosmia. 44% of anosmic and 50% of hyposmic patients did not report having smelling problems. Anosmia or hyposmia was not predictive of a severe COVID-19 manifestation.ConclusionsThe majority of COVID-19 patients have an objective anosmia and hyposmia, which often occurs unnoticed. These symptoms may be related to the neuroinvasive propensity of SARS-COV-2 and the unusual presentation of COVID-19 disease manifestations.

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