scholarly journals Domestic engineering as a factor of scientific and technological development of the Russian economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
V. N. Borisov ◽  
O. V. Pochukaevа
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engineering Industries

Purpose:study of the impact of innovation and technological development of engineering industries on the effectiveness of the impact of engineering factors on the growth and development of the economy.Methods: in conducting the study, the methods and tools developed by the authors based on the scientific base and the mathematical apparatus used in economic and statistical research were used.Results: the following tasks were solved: analysis of the efficiency of the functioning of the engineering industries in terms of contribution to the formation of gross value added, import substitution and export of products; analysis of the development of engineering production and its impact on the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation. Quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of the structural and dynamic indicators of the functioning of engineering industries have been obtained. This made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the machinebuilding factor impact on the growth and development of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusions and Relevance: a special place of engineering in the structure of the economy determines the energy of its positive impact on the development of the entire industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The increase in the share of GVA, the growth of exports and import substitution indicates a positive shift in engineering towards the growth of competitiveness. Modernization of as a system of measures aimed at expanding the production base at a new technological level using the groundwork of domestic science and attracting advanced technologies is a necessary condition for involving other manufacturing industries and the entire real economy in the process of innovation and technological reequipment. It has been established that in regions with a higher level of production diversification, the influence of the mechanical-engineering factor is increasing, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the processing industries. The relevance of our research is due to the need to obtain quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of the functioning of the regions under the influence of a combination of factors of innovation and technological development of mechanical engineering. 

scholarly journals Indicators System Improvement to Assess the Innovative Activity of Economic Entities, Taking into Account the Compliance with the Strategic Goals of Socio-Economic Developmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
T. V. Pogodina ◽  
N. M. Abdikeev ◽  
Yu. S. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the society today, as well as in public administration and economic entities of the Russian Federation there is an awareness of the need to activate the innovation process and assess its quality. In addition, global challenges require the implementation of foresight management mechanisms aimed at forecasting technological development in the conditions of Russian reality. However, the existing system of indicators that is used in Russian practice does not fully meet the needs of the state and society in assessing innovation. The article proposes a Balanced system of indicators for assessing innovation activity (SSPOID) of economic entities, which is designed to combine the past and the present with the prospects of development, the objective function of which is to maximize the increment of the market value of the economic entity, taking into account the mission and strategic priorities of each particular company. SSPOID includes indicators, which are divided into nine groups that characterize the socio-economic development of the economic entity, human capital, financial condition, competitiveness, technology, competitiveness in the labor market, investment, innovation and sources of innovative development. The analysis of the development of industrial production in the Russian Federation for the period of 2011–2016 allowed to determine the strengths and weaknesses in innovation. The strategies of innovative development of a number of production companies (ALROSA, PJSC «NC “Rosneft”, JSC “United shipbuilding company”, JSC “BALTIKA”) were analyzed. The main areas of their innovation activities are as follows: improving energy efficiency, focus on strategic technology, the digitalization of production, the implementation of environmental innovations, improving production security, import substitution. The necessity in the creation of the integrated industrial and production complex, which will be optimum from the point of view of satisfaction of consumers’ needs for production, is justified. In the framework of the integrated industrial complex, the rationale for its focus on creating and maximizing the increment of the network added value is proved.

scholarly journals Digital Economy as a Factor in the Technological Development of the Mineral Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1521-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Mineral Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article describes the impact of the global digital economy on the technological development of the mineral sector in the world. Due to the different specifics of the legislative bases of the investigated regions, such as the USA, China, EU, and Africa, the development of digital transformation is presented on the example of the Russian Federation in the context of world trends. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using straight-through digital technology in prospecting, design, development, and use of mineral resources. It describes a structure promoting the development of applied digital technology through research–education centers and international competence centers. This structure would allow forming the new competencies for personnel working in the digital economy. The underfunding of the information and computing infrastructure could be a significant challenge to the digital transformation of the economy. Creating the conditions for a reliable and secure process of generating, storing, and using data is the basis for protection from the cybersecurity hazard that could act as a brake on technology advancement. This article discusses the organizational and technological priorities of the development of the mineral resource sector on the example of the Russian Federation. The challenges for the mineral resource complex resulting from global changes can be taken on through technological changes of the industry. The article gives a thorough description of issues related to technological developments in the raw materials sector, oil refining industry, development of integrated and advanced mineral processing systems, and the use of household and industrial wastes. The research presents basic technology contributing to sustainable development, starting from exploration and production forecasting and up to sustainable planning and distribution of material and energy resources based on real-time data. It also pays special attention to the possibilities of creating digital platforms for the mineral sector. Digital integration, combining research areas, personnel, processes, users, and data will create conditions for scientific and technological achievements and breakthroughs, providing scientific and economic developments in related industries and, above all, in the global mineral and raw materials market.

Improving the Grain Distribution System in the Context of the State Regulation of the Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Anatoly T. STADNIK ◽  
Svetlana G. CHERNOVA ◽  
Konstantin E. VAHNEVICH ◽  
Sergei SCHELKOVNIKOV ◽  
Anastasia A. SAMOKHVALOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Livestock Products

The grain farming is the basic sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) of the Russian Federation, which has always been the basis for the sustainable development of the entire agricultural sector of the country. The feed grain is of particular importance for obtaining cheap livestock products and import substitution in this field. The share of the imported meat and dairy products will sharply decrease if the system of ensuring self-sufficiency for the country's regions with grain is properly built. At the same time, the resources spent on imports will fund the development of the entire AIC. Due to some natural and economic factors, not all regions in the Russian Federation are able to provide themselves with their own grain. It is favorable for such regions to import cheap grain from other regions and to supply their cheap livestock products to these regions. Most of the grain should be fed to livestock and poultry in order to eliminate the discrepancy between the export and import of food. The attempts are made in the Russian Federation to transfer agriculture to an industrial basis, but, unfortunately, this is done only in the farms that receive high subsidies and preferential loans, while most of the farms try to develop at their own expense, which they lack. This results in the technological backwardness of the industry and the general crisis state.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Availability of Human, Scientific, Technological and Innovative Potential in the Context of Priorities in Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 460-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magomed Sh. Mintsaev ◽  
Irina E. Ilina ◽  
Svetlana L. Parfenova ◽  
Vladislava N. Dolgova ◽  
Elena N. Zharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Introduction. The implementation of priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation involves an assessment of the trends in the development of human, scientific, technological and innovation potential within the framework of these directions. In modern conditions of transformation of science and technology into key factors of Russian development, it is necessary to provide the country’s economy with human resources capable of withstanding “big challenges”, but at this stage there is a shortage of highly qualified specialists in many key industries that can offer a new scientific result, taking into account the prospects for its application. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to assess the human, scientific, technological and innovative potentials in the context of priorities in the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its validation using the example of three priorities. Materials and Methods. The materials of this study draw on Rosstat and FSMNO ; Rospatent; Web of Science and Scopus. The object of research is to assess human, scientific, technological and innovative potential in the context of priorities in scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, a multiplicative model of the impact of the availability of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacity on labour intensity was developed. In the process of research, the following research and analysis methods were used: comparison, induction and deduction method, generalisation method, chain substitution method, logical structure study, system analysis, and special methods of statistical, comparative analysis. In the methodological plan, we used the system and process appro aches in the basis of the study. Results. The study revealed that the labour intensity in 2016 for all three priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation has increased. Therefore, according to the priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation, the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the reverse indicator of labour intensity - labour productivity in the markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity in all three priorities, one observes: the growth of “collaborations” in fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. Therefore, against the background of emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to c ommercialisation. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of the multiplicative model developed by the authors for assessing the impact of the provision of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacities on labor intensity, it was tested on the example of the three priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (a, b, c). It was revealed that the labour intensity in 2016, according to the priorities of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation, increased, and the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the inverse measure of labour intensity - labour productivity in high-tech markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity for all three priorities, it was revealed: the growth of “collaborations” of fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. It was also revealed that against the background of the emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to commercialisation.

scholarly journals A methodological approach to assessing the impact of innovative component of import substitution on the economic security of the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1855-1874
Author(s):  
Natal’ya V. KRIVENKO ◽  
Ol’ga E. KROPOTINA ◽  
Viktor G. KRYLOV ◽  
Aleksandr V. TRYNOV
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Relative Dynamics ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article examines processes of import substitution in Russia and its regions within the framework of ensuring the economic security of the country. Objectives. The aim is to substantiate a methodological approach to determining the impact of innovative component of import substitution on the economic security of the region. Methods. The study employs the method of convolution and the index method. Results. We analyzed investment and innovation activity of organizations in recent years. Along with positive trends, we revealed a decrease in the share of organizations engaged in technological innovations in mechanical engineering and in the field of scientific research. To assess the impact of innovative component of import substitution on the economic security of the region, we determined the relative dynamics and convolution of innovation costs, investment volumes and innovative goods, exports and imports. We obtained estimated coefficients of indicators’ increase to achieve normative values of import substitution and economic security. We tested the methodology, using the mechanical engineering of the Sverdlovsk Oblast case. Conclusions. The presented methodological approach is universal and can be applied at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The global economy and vegetable growing in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (results of 2020 and prospects for recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
R. A. Meshcheryakova ◽  
T. N. Surikhina ◽  
O. A. Razin ◽  
A. A. Tareeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020. The quarantine measures introduced by the countries continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for food products and raw materials for their production decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The growth in the physical volumes of export of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation did not lead to a corresponding increase in revenue. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. At the same time, the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. Difficulties encountered in implementation. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.

Priority Directions of Development of Science, Technologies and Technics in Interests of Defence and State Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Dovguchits ◽  
◽  
Sergey S. Golubev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
State Security ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The paper presents the results of determining the priority directions of development of science, technologies and technics in interests of defence and state security, based on open sources of information, methods and tools of forecasting of development of science, equipment and technologies used in the formation of promising scientific and technological directions of development of military-industrial complex (defense industry). The authors analyze documents that determine the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, show the criteria for selecting a list of strategic priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, and consider the methodology for substantiating promising areas of scientific and technological development of the defense industry. The paper shows that scientific and technical forecasting is an integral part of the formation of policy in the field of defense and security of the state. They are formed in close connection with critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation. The authors reveal in detail the key trends in the development of science, technology and engineering that ensure the formation of the scientific and technological Foundation for the creation of promising samples of VVST.

Theoretical, methodological and practical development in strategic management of agro-economic growth in regions of the Russian Federation within the context of global and national trends in the formation of integrated economic relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Zhansurat Sultanovna Zhangorazova ◽  
Eldar Safarovich Bakkuev ◽  
Elvira Ruslanovna Kokova ◽  
Rukiyat Omarovna Ugurchieva ◽  
Tatyana Evgenievna Khorolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Russian Federation

Modern conditions for the global economy development clearly indicate that the formation of competitive agrarian economy advantages in the Russian Federation is possible only with the use of an innovative development scenario and the large-scale use of the scientific and technological potential of high-tech industries. Of course, the complex of the most important criteria for the economic growth of the national economy determines the volume of the high-tech sector and the scientific and technical potential of the country at the present stage. The situation in the Russian market clearly implies the need for a quick solution to the main problems of developing high-tech sectors in the agro-industrial complex, accelerating import substitution and ensuring sustainable food security based on resource-saving technologies of agro-industrial production and deep processing of agricultural raw materials.

scholarly journals Scientific and technical development of Russia’s high-tech companies in the context of introducing the conception “Industry 4.0” and the digital economy development

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 01020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arutyun Khachaturyan ◽  
Svetlana Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The research paper focuses on a complex study of scientific and technological development of high-tech companies of the Russian Federation in the context of introducing the conception “INDUSTRY 4.0”, which involves six main phases: 1) Computerisation; 2) Connectivity; 3) Visibility; 4) Transparency; 5) Predictive capacity; 6) Adaptability. The article describes external factors – with the help of such marketing tool as the STEP-analysis – that have an impact on scientific and technological development of Russia’s high-tech companies in the context of introducing the digital economy and conception “INDUSTRY 4.0.” The authors of the research paper present the scheme for cooperation components of scientific and technological development of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation which includes such important aspects as the forming process a progressive technological base; development methods of objective assessment for the technical development prospects; using of artificial intelligence and neural network; making more efficient use of industrial enterprises; searching for new energy sources and their using; accelerate biotechnologies; research on the new breakthrough technologies; application of achievements in science and technology; development of new design solutions; development of aerospace industry in the military-industrial complex; development of new kinds of materials and their using in the production process and others. The authors present data indicating the number of organizations which perform research and developments. The authors’ research perspectives present practical aspects of scientific and technical development of military-industrial complex as a whole and aerospace industry of the Russian Federation in general.

scholarly journals The Role of Payments for Emissions of Pollutants From Associated Petroleum Gas Flaring as a Tool for Regulating the Rational Use of Natural Resources in the Oil-Producing Regions of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-214
Author(s):  
Irina A. Makarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

For a long time, Russia was the leader in associated petroleum gas (APG) flaring. This led to the destruction of useful raw materials and environmental pollution. Due to the tightening of the state policy in the field of the APG rational use and the introduction of fees for APG flaring in 2012, oil producing companies had an incentive to use APG efficiently. In addition, the level of air pollution began to decline. The budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the oil-producing regions began to receive significant revenues. Some experts expected that the APG efficiency target would be achieved in 2014 or 2016. Unfortunately, some oil producers were unable to achieve the target. Moreover, at present, there is a reduction in payments for APG flaring in many regions. This causes concern for certain market participants. The object of this research is the impact of APG flaring fees on the level of rational APG use and on incomes of the oil-producing regions. The aim of the work is to study the role of these payments as a tool for regulating the rational use of APG. The analysis shows that the introduction of fees for emissions of pollutants generated by APG flaring plays an important role in ensuring the sustainable development of the regions. Firstly, this fee helps to improve the environmental situation in the region because the volume of gas flared has decreased significantly. Secondly, the application of fees for APG flaring contributes to an increase in the level of energy efficiency, the development and implementation of innovative technologies. Thirdly, the increase in APG deep processing makes it possible to obtain products required in the domestic industry. This improves the efficiency of the oil sector and accelerates import substitution. Fourthly, payments for emissions of pollutants generated during APG flaring form additional funds that can be spent on the development of the region. Fifthly, all oil-producing regions can be divided into two groups. The first group is a group that has practically reached or is very close to reaching the established limits for APG flaring. The second group of regions is a group for which reaching this target is still a difficult task. Experts point out the following reasons that prevent some oil-producing companies from achieving targets for APG flaring: (1) commissioning of new fields, which are characterized by an insufficient level of infrastructure development required for APG utilization; (2) closure of gas processing plants for repair work, which forces some companies to temporarily flare APG; (3) establishment of new benefits and exemptions; (4) geographic fragmentation of fields and limited reserves, which does not allow making the project for the rational use of APG profitable; (5) remoteness of some gas pipelines from the main oil-producing regions, difficult access to the gas transportation system.

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