scholarly journals CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ADULT SOURGRASS IN COFFEE CROPS, THROUGH VARIOUS ASSOCIATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Vitor Coelho ◽  
Giovani Belutti Voltolini ◽  
Gustavo Rabelo Botrel Miranda ◽  
José Mauro Costa Monteiro ◽  
Ademilson De Oliveira Alecrim
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Ammonium Glufosinate ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Great Damage ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Weed management in coffee plants is carried out largely through the adoption of chemical control, with the use of herbicides. In this context, one of the species that most affects the development of coffee plants, and due to its difficulty in control, is sourgrass. Above all, most sourgrass biotypes are not efficiently controlled with the herbicide glyphosate, which is the most used in coffee growing. Thus, the search for strategies that can minimize the damage caused by this weed, appears with increasing demand, due to the great damage to coffee plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical control of adult sourgrass in coffee plants, through several associations. Treatment control efficiency was visually evaluated, where a scale ranging from 0 to 100 was used, with 0 corresponding to the absence of symptoms and 100 corresponding to the total control of weed plants by the action of herbicides, respectively. This evaluation method was used at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after application. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the SISVAR statistical software. The association of the herbicides Fluazifop-p-butyl and Clethodim, implies greater efficiency in controlling sourgrass over time. The association of the herbicide ammonium glufosinate with systemic herbicides implies a reduction in the control capacity of sourgrass plants over time.

Weed Management in Small Grains Harvested for Grain

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ferrell ◽  
Gregory MacDonald ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Crop Competition

Successful weed control in small grains involves using good management practices in all phases of production. In Florida, winter weeds compete with small grains for moisture, nutrients, and light, with the greatest amount of competition occurring during the first six to eight weeks after planting. Weeds also cause harvest problems the following spring when the small grain is mature. This 4-page publication discusses crop competition, knowing your weeds, and chemical control. Written by J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2020.

Research on commercial vehicle sound quality objective evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4526-4531
Author(s):  
Kun Qian ◽  
Zhichao Hou ◽  
Ruixue Liu ◽  
Dengke Sun ◽  
Rongkang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Control

With the increasing demand of users for the acoustical comfort of commercial vehicles, the sound quality has become one of the important indicators of comfort evaluation. The research focuses on the objective evaluation method of the subjective perception of the sound quality in commercial vehicle. The interior noises of commercial vehicle with an inline six diesel engine are measured. The five psychoacoustic parameters (loudness, roughness, sharpness, fluctuation strength, tonality and articulation index) are applied to the evaluation and analysis of the interior noises of the commercial vehicle. Using psychoacoustic parameters to evaluate the noises in commercial vehicle, it is of great significance for the analysis and control of the noises in commercial vehicle. The research results provide a theoretical basis for guiding the sound quality design and development of commercial vehicles.

scholarly journals Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽  
PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽  
STEPHEN O. DUKE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

scholarly journals INSECTICIDE APPLICATION SPEED IN THE CONTROL OF LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS IN SOYBEAN1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
LENIO CESAR MORAES DE CAMARGO ◽  
DANILO DE BRITO GARCIA ◽  
OTÁVIO JORGE GRÍGOLI ABI SAAB ◽  
AMARILDO PASINI ◽  
DANILO AUGUSTO SARTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
Great Damage ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens

ABSTRACT During the chemical control of pests, diseases and weeds, great importance is given to the phytosanitary product and little attention to the application technology. The control of soybean pests did not escape the general rule and, therefore, some pests known as secondary, and even nonexistent, became responsible for great damage to the soybean crop. The objective of this work was to test the application of insecticide at different speeds (5 and 16 km h-1) by varying the rates of application in 108 to 110 and 199 to 216 L ha-1 to quantify the difference in the coverage percentage of the applied insecticide in the canopy of soybean plants, and to verify the interaction of these factors with efficacy parameters for the control of caterpillars (Helicoverpa armigera and Chrysodeixis includens). In general, the highest leaf coverage by the insecticide was observed in the upper part of the canopy, regardless of the rate and speed of application, resulting in lower leaf damage. For the middle and lower thirds of the plant, the decrease in speed influenced more the decrease in leaf damage by the caterpillars than the increase in the spray volume.

scholarly journals New Case of False-Star-Grass (Chloris distichophylla) Population Evolving Glyphosate Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽  
José A. Domínguez-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
First Case

Chloris distichophylla, suspected of glyphosate resistance (GR), was collected from areas of soybean cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A comparison was made with a susceptible population (GS) to evaluate the resistance level, mechanisms involved, and control alternatives. Glyphosate doses required to reduce the dry weight (GR50) or cause a mortality rate of 50% (LD50) were around 5.1–3 times greater in the GR population than in the GS population. The shikimic acid accumulation was around 6.2-fold greater in GS plants than in GR plants. No metabolized glyphosate was found in either GR or GS plants. Both populations did not differ in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) basal activity or in vitro inhibition of EPSPS activity by glyphosate (I50). The maximum glyphosate absorption was observed at 96 hours after treatment (HAT), which was twofold higher in the GS plants than in the GR plants. This confirms the first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla. In addition, at 96 HAT, the GS plants translocated more 14C-glyphosate than the GR ones. The best options for the chemical control of both C. distichophylla populations were clethodim, quizalofop, paraquat, glufosinate, tembotrione, diuron, and atrazine. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla was due to impaired uptake and translocation. Chemical control using multiple herbicides with different modes of action (MOA) could be a tool used for integrated weed management (IWM) programs.

Reduced-Herbicide Weed Management Systems for No-Tillage Corn (Zea mays) in a Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Weed management treatments with various degrees of herbicide inputs were applied with or without a hairy vetch cover crop to no-tillage corn in four field experiments at Beltsville, MD. A hairy vetch living mulch in the no-treatment control or a dead mulch in the mowed treatment improved weed control during the first 6 wk of the season but weed control deteriorated in these treatments thereafter. Competition from weeds and/or uncontrolled vetch in these treatments without herbicides reduced corn yield in three of four years by an average of 46% compared with a standard PRE herbicide treatment of 0.6 kg ai/ha of paraquat plus 1.1 kg ai/ha of atrazine plus 2.2 kg ai/ha of metolachlor. Reducing atrazine and metolachlor to one-fourth the rate of the standard treatment in the absence of cover crop reduced weed control in three of four years and corn yield in two of four years compared with the standard treatment. Hairy vetch had little influence on weed control or corn yield with any herbicide treatments.

Measuring Outcomes using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT): Data Description and Tool Sensitivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 354-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A Unsworth
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Client Change ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Over Time

Although there is increasing demand for greater accountability from occupational therapists for the outcomes of their practice, there are few quick, simple and psychometrically sound tools available to measure these outcomes. This paper reports on the first data collection exercise using a new outcome measure, the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT). The aims of this paper are to present the scales, describe the data set and examine whether the scales are sufficiently sensitive to detect change over time in client status. Data were collected with 466 clients at 12 metropolitan and rural health care facilities using the 12 AusTOM-OT scales, which rate the client in relation to the four domains of Impairment, Activity limitation, Participation restriction and Distress/wellbeing. The findings indicated that the most frequently used scales were Self-care, Upper limb use, Transfers and Functional walking and mobility, and that all scales were successful in demonstrating statistically significant client change over time. The AusTOMs-OT can be used to document client outcomes in relation to four important practice domains and thus be of value in research and quality assurance activities seeking to provide evidence that occupational therapy does make a difference to the lives of clients.

scholarly journals Weed Management with Fluazifop (Fusilade), Haloxyfop (Verdict), Sethoxydim (Poast) and Oxyfluorfen (Goal) in Groundcovers and Woody Landscape Plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
C. Benjamin Coffman ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Over Time

Annual preemergence applications of granular Goal (oxyfluorfen) [2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) were applied on several kinds of woody landscape plants alone or with a subsequent postemergence treatment of either Fusilade (fluazifop) [( ± )-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid], Verdict (haloxyfop) [2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid] or Poast (sethoxydim) [2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one] at 0.3 kg/ha (0.25 lb/A) or 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A). The postemergence treatments were also applied without previous applications of Goal. The investigation was conducted at Beltsville, Maryland, from 1983 through 1985. Application of Goal (oxyflurofen) alone reduced the yearly growth of broadleaf and grass weeds, however, over-time horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) and white heath aster (Aster pilosus Willd.) increased their contribution to the weed cover. Annual grass weeds including fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), giant foxtail (Seteria faberi Herrm.), and stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) E. Mosher) were significantly reduced by applications of Fusilade, Verdict, and Poast. Weed cover reductions up to 60% resulted from treatments by Goal followed by anyone of the three grass herbicides. Hinocrimson azalea was injured by applications of Fusilade at 0.3 kg/ha (0.25 lb/A) and Verdict at 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A).

scholarly journals OCORRÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI SOB QUATRO MANEJOS NA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Davair Lopes Teixeira Junior ◽  
José Maria Arcanjo Alves ◽  
José Anchieta Alves Albuquerque ◽  
Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Thais Santiago Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
No Till ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Sistemas de manejos das plantas daninhas, utilizando diferentes estratégias de controle, podem alterar a dinâmica populacional das plantas e favorecer o controle de algumas espécies. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a ocorrência de plantas daninhas antes e após cultivo de feijão-caupi, em plantio direto, sob quatro formas de manejo da vegetação natural (sem roçada, com roçada, uso de fogo e dessecação com glyphosate) em área da savana Amazônica no estado de Roraima. As avaliações foram realizadas mediante a aplicação do método do quadrado inventário. As plantas daninhas situadas nas áreas amostradas foram cortadas rente ao solo, identificadas e quantificadas. Os parâmetros fitossociológicos analisados foram: frequência relativa, densidade relativa, abundância relativa, índice de valor de importância e índice de similaridade. As principais famílias identificadas foram Cyperaceae, Poaceae e Fabaceae. As formas de manejo da vegetação natural da savana de Roraima para o cultivo do feijão-caupi favoreceram a emergência de 10 espécies de um total de 29. O manejo com o herbicida glyphosate proporcionou o desenvolvimento das espécies Digitaria insularis e Hynchelitrum repens e o controle de 12 espécies, entre elas o Trachypogon plumosus, importante forrageira da região em estudo. O manejo da vegetação natural com o fogo favoreceu o surgimento da espécie Desmodium tortuosum. O manejo com glyphosate promoveu alterações na comunidade infestante de plantas daninhas, nesse foi observado os menores índices de similaridade entre os sistemas de manejo avaliados.Palavras-chave: fitossociologia; Vigna unguiculata; vegetação natural; manejo com fogo. OCCURRENCE OF WEEDS IN COWPEA CULTURE UNDER FOUR HANDLES IN THE WESTERN AMAZON ABSTRACT: Weed management systems, using different control strategies, can change the population dynamics of plants and favor the control of some species.The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of weeds before and after cowpea cultivation under no-tillage under four forms of natural vegetation management (no-till, no-till, use of fire and glyphosate desiccation) in an area of savannah of Roraima. Evaluations were performed by applying the inventory square method. Weeds located in the sampled areas were sectioned close to the ground, identified and quantified. The phytosociological parameters analyzed were: relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, importance value index and similarity index. The main families identified were Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae. The management of the natural vegetation of the Roraima savanna for cowpea cultivation favored the emergence of 10 species out of 29. Management with the herbicide glyphosate provided the appearance of the species Digitaria insularis and Hynchelitrum repens and the control of 12 species, including the Trachypogon plumosus, an important savanna forage. The management of natural vegetation with fire favored the emergence of the species Desmodium tortuosum. Glyphosate management caused changes in the weed community, which showed the lowest similarity indexes between the evaluated management systems.Keywords: phytosociology; Vigna unguiculata; natural vegetation; fire management.

scholarly journals Yeni Tesis Mandalina Bahçesinde Malç Tekstili Uygulamasının Yabancı Ot Kontrolü ve Mandalina Gelişimine Etkileri

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Emre Kitiş ◽  
Onur Kolören ◽  
Feyzullah Nezihi Uygur
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Made In ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

In this study, material that we call mulch textile was investigated as compared with conventional polyethylene mulch nylon and mechanical and chemical control that are widely used in farmer’s conditions to weed control in newly established citrus orchards. Two different thickness of polyethylene mulch, three different thickness of mulch textiles, mowing and herbicide (glyphosate) applications were made in newly established mandarin orchard in a three-year-period (2004-2005-2006). Effects of the applications on density and coverage of weeds and height, stem thickness and leaf area of cultural plants were investigated. According to general evaluation of results of the study, mowing 23.4%, chemical control 88.4%, polyethylene mulch 99.6%, mulch textiles 100% controlled weeds than weedy control. At the most increase of height, stem thickness and leaf area of mandarin was obtained from herbicide and mulch treatments. It was determined that soil temperature and moisture are preserved by mulch applications.

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