scholarly journals De George Sand à Henry Murger : note sur les débuts du bohémianisme (1835-1845)

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Genevray
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
George Sand ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
History Of ◽  
La Boheme ◽  
Xixe Siecle

L'étude de la bohème est une page importante dans l'histoire des représentations de l'artiste au XIXe siècle. La décennie considérée dans cet article correspond à l'intervalle séparant l'émergence de la bohème comme motif littéraire et sa consécration définitive par les feuilletons de Henry Murger (1845-1849). La double appellation bohème / bohémien pèse encore fortement à ce stade sur la figure journalistique et littéraire de l'artiste pauvre ou de l'intellectuel démuni que l'on rencontre chez Balzac (Illusions perdues) et Champfleury (Chien-Caillou). Cependant, les travaux sur la bohème (J. Seigel, N. Heinich, A. Glinoer) s'attachent peu aux multiples textes de Sand, qui, des Lettres d'un voyageur (1834-1836) à Teverino (1845) en passant par Consuelo et La dernière Aldini, intéressent cette phase initiale du bohémianisme. La fin de l'article met l'accent sur Horace (1842), roman où la figure mythique, presque intemporelle, du bohémien, artiste indépendant et vagabond, fait place à l'analyse d'une situation historique et d'un état social contraignants, qui n'offrent guère d'avenir aux talents créateurs d'origine populaire.AbstractThe study of bohème is an important chapter in the history of nineteenth-century representations of the artist. The decade under scrutiny in the present article corresponds to the interval between the emergence of bohème as a literary motif and its definitive consecration through Henry Murger's feuilletons (1845-1849). The dual designation as bohème/bohemién still bears heavily, at this point, on the journalistic and literary figure of the penniless artist or the destitute intellectual as portrayed by Balzac (Illusions perdues) and Champfleury (Chien-Caillou). Research work on bohème (J. Seigel, N. Heinich, A. Glinoer), however, takes little account of Sand's numerous texts which, from Lettres d'un voyageur (1834-1836) to Teverino (1845) including Consuelo and La dernière Aldini, belong to this initial phase of bohemianism. The end of the article focuses on Horace (1842), a novel where the mythical, almost timeless figure of the bohemian as an independent, wandering artist gives way to an analysis of the constraints imposed by a historical situation and social conditions that offer very little scope for a promising future to creative talents of humble birth.

scholarly journals Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855): A predecessor of Max Schweidler?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-270
Author(s):  
Susanne Wagini ◽  
Katrin Holzherr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Early History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paper Conservation

Abstract The restorer Johann Michael von Hermann (1793–1855), famous in the early nineteenth century, has long fallen into oblivion. A recent discovery of his work associated with old master prints at the Staatliche Graphische Sammlung München has allowed a close study of his methods and skills as well as those of his pupil Ludwig Albert von Montmorillon (1794–1854), providing a fresh perspective on the early history of paper conservation. Von Hermann’s method of facsimile inserts was praised by his contemporaries, before Max Schweidler (1885–1953) described these methods in 1938. The present article provides biographical notes on both nineteenth century restorers, gives examples of prints treated by them and adds a chapter of conservation history crediting them with a place in the history of the discipline. In summary, this offers a surprising insight on how works of art used to be almost untraceably restored by this team of Munich-based restorers more than 150 years before Schweidler.

scholarly journals VIRTUE LANGUAGE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ORIENTALISM: A CASE STUDY IN HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Thought Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dependency Relations

Historical epistemology is a form of intellectual history focused on “the history of categories that structure our thought, pattern our arguments and proofs, and certify our standards for explanation” (Lorraine Daston). Under this umbrella, historians have been studying the changing meanings of “objectivity,” “impartiality,” “curiosity,” and other virtues believed to be conducive to good scholarship. While endorsing this historicization of virtues and their corresponding vices, the present article argues that the meaning and relative importance of these virtues and vices can only be determined if their mutual dependencies are taken into account. Drawing on a detailed case study—a controversy that erupted among nineteenth-century orientalists over the publication of R. P. A. Dozy'sDe Israëlieten te Mekka(The Israelites in Mecca) (1864)—the paper shows that nineteenth-century orientalists were careful to examine (1) the degree to which Dozy practiced the virtues they considered most important, (2) the extent to which these virtues were kept in balance by other ones, (3) the extent to which these virtues were balanced by other scholars’ virtues, and (4) the extent to which they were expected to be balanced by future scholars’ work. Consequently, this article argues that historical epistemology might want to abandon its single-virtue focus in order to allow balances, hierarchies, and other dependency relations between virtues and vices to move to the center of attention.

scholarly journals acercamiento a la recepción de la terminología farmacéutica en el siglo XIX:

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Francisco Luque Janodet
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Nous Proposons ◽  
Chemical Nomenclature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biographical Study ◽  
History Of Translation ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Xixe Siecle

La historia de la traducción es uno de los ámbitos menos estudiados en la Traductología. En el presente artículo, se abordará la traducción y recepción en España del Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie de Alphonse Chevallier y Pierre Idt. Se trata de una obra de temática  farmacéutica, que disfrutó de gran prestigio en el país ibérico, y publicada en una época de debate y de adaptación de la nomenclatura química y farmacéutica. Por ello, realizaremos un análisis traductológico de la obra objeto de estudio, en el que se aborden los principales problemas de traducción a los que Manuel Jiménez Murillo tuvo que hacer frente. Asimismo, se considerarán las distintas técnicas empleadas para este trasvase interlingüístico. Todo ello estará precedido de un estudio biográfico de los autores y del traductor, basado en la documentación de la época, así como de una serie de consideraciones en torno al papel del traductor decimonónico y a la reforma de la nomenclatura química iniciada en el siglo XVIII. The history of translation is one of the least studied areas since Translatology. In this paper, the translation and reception in Spain of Alphonse Chevallier and Pierre Idt’s Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie will be addressed. It is a work of pharmaceutical scope, which enjoyed great prestige in Spain and was published at a time of debate and adaptation of the chemical and pharmaceutical nomenclature. Therefore, it is proposed a translatological analysis that addresses the main translation problems that Manuel Jiménez Murillo had to face. The different techniques used for the interlinguistic transfer will also be considered. All this will be preceded by a biographical study of the authors and the translator based on the documentation of the time and by a series of considerations regarding the role of the nineteenth-century translator and the reform of the chemical nomenclature undertaken in the eighteenth century. L'histoire de la traduction est l'un des domaines les moins étudiés en Traductologie. Dans cet article, nous aborderons la traduction et la réception en Espagne du Manuel du pharmacien ou précis élémentaire de pharmacie d’Alphonse Chevallier et Pierre Idt. Il s’agit d'un ouvrage de portée pharmaceutique, qui a joui d'un grand prestige dans le pays ibérique, et publié à une époque de débat et d'adaptation de la nomenclature chimique et pharmaceutique. Par conséquent, nous proposons une analyse traductologique de l'œuvre objet d’étude qui aborde les principaux problèmes de traduction auxquels Manuel Jiménez Murillo a dû faire face. Les différentes techniques utilisées pour le transfert interlinguistique seront également prises en compte. Tout cela sera précédé d'une étude biographique des auteurs et du traducteur basée sur la documentation de l'époque et d'une série de considérations autour du rôle du traducteur du XIXe siècle et de la réforme de la nomenclature chimique entreprise au XVIIIe siècle.

Religious Culture Contested: The Sufi Ritual of Dawsa in Nineteenth-Century Cairo

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Hatina
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sufi Order ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractWith the entry of Muslim society into the modern era in the nineteenth century, Sufi beliefs and rituals became the focus of systematic debate and denunciation by local and foreign observers alike. An illuminating example is the dawsa ritual—a ceremony involving the shaykh of the Sa'diyya order riding his horse over the backs of his prostrate disciple s, which was particularly widespread in the Cairene milieu. This practice, intended to prove that true believers are protected from all harm, was officially abolished in 1881 in the name of enlightenment and human dignity. The present article traces the history of the dawsa and, more broadly, sheds light on the Sufi encounter with the challenges of modernity. It reveals a diverse picture of the anti-Sufi campaign carried out by various elements in Egypt—foreign consul s, government official s, modernists and nationalists—which resulted in a loss of influence by Sufi order s, yet fostered a capacity for survival and ideological rejuvenation.

scholarly journals Voices from the beginning: The early phase of musical historiography in Serbia

Muzikologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Vesna Peno ◽  
Aleksandar Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Short History ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Youth

The beginnings of Serbian musical historiography can be traced back to the nineteenth century. The first half of that century is marked by the work of musical amateurs, and later professionals were gradually trained. The beginnings of Serbian musical historiography can be found in articles published in memorials of singing societies, as well as in periodicals. These were portraits of composers and performers, texts on church and folk music, obituaries and other articles. The first history of music in the Serbian language appeared in 1921 in Pancevo. Its author was Ljubomir Bosnjakovic (1891-1987), composer and conductor. This short history of music is written in a popular way, as a guide-book for concert and opera audiences, and as a manual for school youth. It includes a professional approach and a free, literary expression. This study paints a picture of the initial phase of the development of musical historiography in Serbia, as well as an analysis of Ljubomir Bosnjakovic?s book.

SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION ORGANIZED IN BUKHARA IN THE 40s OF THE XXth CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Azam Kh. Boltaev ◽  
◽  
Oybek I. Rajabov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
History Of

This study included data on the scientific expedition organized in Bukhara in 1940. Lead by M.S.Andreev, members of the expedition conducted research work in the fields of the history of Bukhara, local lore, ethnography, craftsmanship, topography, waqf documents and the emirate judicial system. The work carried out by the members of the expedition laid the groundwork for further research work for those who carried it out. The present article attempts to discuss in detail these processes

Verkiezingen en kiesstelsels

Res Publica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-507
Author(s):  
Rolf Falter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Proportional Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nineteenth Century Literature ◽  
Electoral Laws ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
One Year

Nineteenth-century literature on electoral systems and elections in Belgium was generally made of political pamphlets. Politicians were the most interested in the subject, which seems quite logical for the elections, butis also true for the electoral legislation, because this bas almost continuously been a topic in the political fights in Belgium between 1830 and 1914. Therefore, a lot of research-work on electoral legislation and data was done in the discreet study-roms of local party-offices, as can be learned from the archives of nineteenth-century politicians.The valuable information resulting from this research was usually kept secret for the outside world, for which the politicians reserved their more propagandistic tracts.  Nevertheless, out of the bulk of pamphlets on electoral systems and elections, a few books deserve some special attention. Like those aiming to gather the existing electoral data needed for further research : large compilations of vast amounts of jurisprudence on the rather loose electoral laws, or first and timid attempts to make electoral statistics available for the larger public. Analysing just held elections seems on the other hand to have been a sart of monopoly of the politicians themselves. Even if they tried in the first place to fit in the verdict of the electors into their propagandistic schemes, it should be stressed that they also gave timid evidence of trying to respect at least the statistical facts (cf. abstract 1, which is an analysis by the catholic leader Charles Woeste of the part the introduction of the secret ballot in 1877 played in the defeat of bis party one year later).It was only when, from 1890 to 1893, the Belgian constitution was revised, that the subject of electoral systems and elections became also a matter of interest for academic circles. University-professors then began to publish voluminous blue-prints for a new constitution, thereby usually replacing their scientific detachment by politica! engagement. An exception to this is the remarkably serene «mathematical tract» of Victor D'hondt, a law-professor at Ghent University, who in 1882 gave his name to what was to become the most applicated system of proportional representation in the world (cf. abstract 3).After 1900 the first more or less scientific works on the subject, based on critical research, were published: one written by the law-professor of Louvain, Leon Dupriez ( who, in abstract 4, fries to explain why in Liège the workers generally had fewer votes in the plural system than their colleagues of Hainaut), the other one by his French colleague of Montpellier, Joseph Barthélemy, who wrote a voluminous history of the Belgian electoral systems since 1830 (and, in abstract 5, examines the application of proportional representation in the politically motivated nominations at the Belgian courts). Bath in the first place seem to have wanted to improve the knowledge on the subject. Their research and analysis for the first time was not subordinated to their personal political engagement.

George Sand and Music Ethnography in Nineteenth-Century France

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marcoline
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
George Sand ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of

In Les Visions de la nuit dans les campagnes (1851–1853), George Sand responded to the French government’s newly announced project of collecting the ‘popular’ or folk songs of France, with a critique of their methods of collection as perfunctory. Sand was adamant not only about a more rigorous approach to amassing the nation’s folk songs but also about the inclusion of the music with the lyrics, and her concise, insightful critique of archival methods came after nearly two decades of her own occupation with rendering music in her fiction and, more immediately, a decade focused on folk music in many of what are known as her ‘rustic’ novels. In particular, I bring to the fore in this article discussions in Sand’s expansive novel Consuelo; La Comtesse de Rudolstadt (1842–1844) which both insist upon the historical, cultural and personal significance of the preservation of folk music and navigate the tensions of preserving an art form that is fundamentally non-static and ephemeral, in order to articulate the value Sand places on musical sensibility, memory and heritage. I argue that Les Visions de la nuit dans les campagnes stands along with Sand’s fiction as an ardent defense against the loss of the musical heritage of provincial France in the hands of the state’s archivists. This article thus situates George Sand’s investment in the cultural production from the Berry region within the early history of nineteenth-century music ethnography in France, while maintaining Sand’s own understanding of her cultural production as poetic rather than scientific.

Shrine, Images, and Power: The Worship of Former Worthies in Early Nineteenth Century Suzhou

T oung Pao ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-195
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Han
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Elite ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
Xixe Siècle

AbstractIn the 1820s, the literati of Suzhou embarked on a project to build a shrine devoted to the worship of local former worthies and engraved almost six hundred portraits of the latter on the shrine's inner walls. Since the locality already had a paired shrine of eminent officials and local worthies, as had become the case across the empire since the mid-Ming period, why did they need to create a shrine of a similar nature? What was the cultural significance of introducing visual representations of the worthies in the worship? By analyzing the multiple layers of meaning surrounding this shrine-building activity, the present study attempts to illuminate an aspect of the changing state-elite relations in the early nineteenth century. Au cours des années 1820 les lettrés de Suzhou s'engagèrent dans un projet de construction d'un sanctuaire dédié au culte des anciennes personnalités locales éminentes, sur les murs duquel furent gravés les portraits de près de six cents d'entre elles. Dans la mesure, où Suzhou possédait déjà deux sanctuaires, l'un pour les fonctionnaires éminents et l'autre pour les personnalités locales, comme c'était le cas partout dans l'Empire depuis le milieu des Ming, pourquoi fut-il jugé nécessaire d'en créer un autre de même nature? Que signifiait d'un point de vue culturel le fait d'introduire des représentations visuelles des personnalités en question dans les célébrations? En analysant les niveaux de sens multiples qui entourent cette activité de construction, le présent article s'efforce de mettre en lumière un aspect particulier du changement dans les relations entre l'État et les élites au début du xixe siècle.

scholarly journals Краткий экскурс в раннюю историю изучения паремии как объекта этнолингвистики

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Анжелика Штейнгольд
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Early History ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of

Как хорошо известно, пословицы и поговорки (в более общем смысле т. наз. паремии) являются не только художественными миниатюрами — анонимными произведениями устного народного творчества, употребление которых в речи диктуется потребностью в точности и выразительности, но также неписаным сводом этических норм и правил. Их назидательность и дидактичность во многом предопределяет существование особой “паремической” логики, на языковом уровне выражающейся в присущей пословицам и поговоркам специфической синтаксической оформленности. На поверхности лежит их семантическая многлоплановость, о чем в свое время писали А. Дандис [1978], А. Крикманн [1978; 1984], Ю.И. Левин [1984], Г.Л. Пермяков [1988] и др....Anzhelika ShteingoldOn the Early History of Proverb Studies (Proverb as an Object of Ethnolinguistics)It is often not clear what exactly is meant by certain words and constructions in a proverb, even though its actual (metaphorical) sense is understood. The origins of some historical proverbs might be grasped only by employing the data of cultural anthropology. In the present article a short overview of early proverb studies in Russia is given. In the nineteenth century and in the early part of the twentieth century there were many scholars in Russia who dealt with proverbs. For instance, I. Snegiryov, V. Dahl, F. Buslaev, A. Afanasyev, A. Potebnya, S. Maksimov. During the 1930’s this tradition was continued in the scientific papers of the academician J. Sokolov. Despite their methods of proverb studies not being contemporary, these researchers gave examples of etymology that would later receive support and approval from the scholars of our time.Keywords: Russian proverbs, ethnolinguistics, etymology, history of proverb studies.

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