Prevalence of Salmonella species from poultry eggs of local stores in Duhok

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas I. Zubair ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Berfkani ◽  
Araz Ramadhan Issa
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Local Store

Background: Salmonellosis is one of the foodborne illness acquired by consumption of infected raw or undercooked eggs and causes major public health problem. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from the eggshells and the egg contents samples.Methods: In this study, a total 350 eggs were randomly collected from five local stores in Duhok and Zakho city over a period of 6 months in summer of 2016. Eggs from each local store were collected and transferred to the microbiology laboratory. The conventional culture method used for detection of Salmonella spp.Results: Out of the 350 eggs, seventeen (4.85%) samples of eggshells contaminated with Salmonella spp. and none of the egg content samples were contaminated with Salmonella genus. Out of 17 positive eggs, three different Salmonella serotypes were identified including; Salmonella enteritidis (10 strains), Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains), Salmonella typhi (2 strains).Conclusions: The results of the present study provide the recent dataset of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in eggs sold at local stores in the city. All isolates showed resistant to tetracycline, oxacillin and sulphadimethoxazole due to the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics in chicken at sub-therapeutic level or prophylactic doses which promotes selection of antimicrobial resistant strains and also increases the human health risks associated with consumption of contaminated quail eggs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Zakho- Duhok city, investigating the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggshell and content egg sold at local stores.

Comparison of a Real-Time PCR Method with a Culture Method for the Detection of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in Naturally Contaminated Environmental Samples from Integrated Poultry Houses

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
BWALYA LUNGU ◽  
W. DOUGLAS WALTMAN ◽  
ROY D. BERGHAUS ◽  
CHARLES L. HOFACRE
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Field Samples

Conventional culture methods have traditionally been considered the “gold standard” for the isolation and identification of foodborne bacterial pathogens. However, culture methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. A Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis–specific real-time PCR assay that recently received interim approval by the National Poultry Improvement Plan for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated against a culture method that had also received interim National Poultry Improvement Plan approval for the analysis of environmental samples from integrated poultry houses. The method was validated with 422 field samples collected by either the boot sock or drag swab method. The samples were cultured by selective enrichment in tetrathionate broth followed by transfer onto a modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium and then plating onto brilliant green with novobiocin and xylose lysine brilliant Tergitol 4 plates. One-milliliter aliquots of the selective enrichment broths from each sample were collected for DNA extraction by the commercial PrepSEQ nucleic acid extraction assay and analysis by the Salmonella Enteritidis–specific real-time PCR assay. The real-time PCR assay detected no significant differences between the boot sock and drag swab samples. In contrast, the culture method detected a significantly higher number of positive samples from boot socks. The diagnostic sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay for the field samples was significantly higher than that of the culture method. The kappa value obtained was 0.46, indicating moderate agreement between the real-time PCR assay and the culture method. In addition, the real-time PCR method had a turnaround time of 2 days compared with 4 to 8 days for the culture method. The higher sensitivity as well as the reduction in time and labor makes this real-time PCR assay an excellent alternative to conventional culture methods for diagnostic purposes, surveillance, and research studies to improve food safety.

scholarly journals Detection of potential pathogenic aerobic bacteria from egg shell and egg contents of hen collected from poultry

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardous ◽  
S.M Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria ◽  
Hen Egg

This study was done to identify different pathogenic aerobic bacteria from egg shell and egg contents of hen. Egg shells and egg contents of 150 eggs collected from poultry were tested. Of 150 egg shells, 130 (86.67%) yielded growth of bacteria and 60 (40%) Esch. coli, 25 (16.67%) Providencia rettgeri, 5 (3.33%) Providencia alkalifaciens, 20 (13.33%) Citrobacter freundii, 10 (6.67%) Salmonella spp, 10 (6.67%) Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated. No bacteria were isolated from 150 egg contents. Total 14 (9.33%) Salmonella spp. from egg shells and 7 (4.67%) Salmonella spp. from egg contents were identified by PCR. Most of the identified serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (42.86% from egg shells and 71.43% from egg contents). All (100%) Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone.

Rapid, Specific Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Pooled Eggs by Real-Time PCR

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. SEO ◽  
I. E. VALENTIN-BON ◽  
R. E. BRACKETT ◽  
P. S. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Group D

An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs with the use of an application of the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease assay (TaqMan). In this assay, a segment of the gene sefA specific to Salmonella group D strains such as Salmonella Enteritidis was used. The amplification of the target gene products was monitored in real-time by incorporating a fluorescent dye–labeled gene-specific probe in the PCR reaction. This method correctly detected and distinguished Salmonella Enteritidis from nearly 50 of non–group D Salmonella and other non- Salmonella strains. Detection of the sefA gene was linear for DNA extracted from approximately 102 to 109 CFU/ml in phosphate-buffered saline and 103 to 108 CFU/ml in raw egg. In two trials, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in homogenized egg pools and compared with conventional culture methods, the newly developed PCR method yielded a 100% correlation with results obtained by a conventional culture method. However, the PCR method required only 2 days, compared to the 5 days required by the culture method. The sensitivity of this assay was approximately less than 1 CFU/600 g of egg pool. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a rapid, highly sensitive test for detection and quantification of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg samples.

scholarly journals Contamination of Local Laying Hen’s Egg Shell with Salmonella Serotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Maysoon R. Jaffer
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Culture Stage ◽  
Egg Shell

Fifty locally laying hen’s eggs random samples were collected from different markets of Baghdad city in order to investigate the presence of Salmonellae Spp. in shell of those eggs. The samples were collected during the period from March 2012 to May 2012.The samples were directly transferred to the Food hygiene laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage.The isolation and identification methods include: (pre-enrichment) culture stage by peptone water then, (Selective enrichment) culture stage by selenite broth after that culturing on sold (Selective media) which was Bismuth Sulphate agar. The biotyping by using API strip according to the API 20E miniaturized identification system for Salmonella SPP.. The isolated Salmonella strains were transferred on TSI agar to undergone sereotyping at the Institute of Public Health,Baghdad,Iraq. Data revealed that 15 out of the total 50 (30%) of the eggs samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis were the two serotypes that have been found in this study. Nine from 15 (60%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella enteritidis serotypes while 6 from 15 (40%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella typhimuriumserotype.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis and morphological characterization of bacteriophages for Salmonella spp. treatment in poultry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Parolin Calarga ◽  
Marcelo Brocchi
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
C Elegans

Enteric infections caused by Salmonella spp. represent a major public health problem worldwide, due to the large proportion of foodborne infections derived from this pathogen. Currently, antimicrobials are used to prevent contamination of chicken meat. However, in order to combat salmonellosis without the propagation of resistant strains, it is necessary to study alternative therapeutic approaches, such as the use of bacteriophages against Salmonellosis. For the present work bacteriophages provided by FMRP-USP were selected to further studies on its therapeutic potential. In addition, we work with lytic bacteriophages induced from monophasic strains of Salmonella spp. Our initial aim for this project was the morphological and molecular characterization of these viruses. Nevertheless, the environmental phages did not survive the storage period. Due to these results, our further studies will be focused on the lytic phages. They will be tested in vivo in the C. elegans model in order to evaluate the survival rate of the worms when infected with Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals Anti-Plasmodium falciparum Activity of Extracts from 10 Cameroonian Medicinal Plants

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toghueo Rufin Marie ◽  
Heroine Mbetyoumoun Mfouapon ◽  
Eugenie Madiesse Kemgne ◽  
Cedric Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Patrick Tsouh Fokou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Background: In the midst of transient victories by way of insecticides against mosquitoes or drugs against malaria, the most serious form of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, continues to be a major public health problem. The emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites facilitated by fake medications or the use of single drugs has worsened the situation, thereby emphasizing the need for a continued search for potent, safe, and affordable new antimalarial treatments. In line with this need, we have investigated the antiplasmodial activity of 66 different extracts prepared from 10 different medicinal plants that are native to Cameroon. Methods: Extracts were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and resistant (PfINDO) strains of P. falciparum using the SYBR green fluorescence method. The cytotoxicity of promising extracts against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) mammalian cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The antiplasmodial activity (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50) of plant extracts ranged from 1.90 to >100 μg/mL against the two strains. Six extracts exhibited good activity against both Pf3D7 and PfINDO strains, including cold water, water decoction, and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Drypetes principum (Müll.Arg.) Hutch. (IC503D7/INDO = 4.91/6.64 μg/mL, 5.49/5.98 μg/mL, and 6.49/7.10 μg/mL respectively), water decoction extract of leaves of Terminalia catappa L. (IC503D7/INDO = 6.41/8.10 μg/mL), and water decoction extracts of leaves and bark of Terminalia mantaly H.Perrier (IC503D7/INDO = 2.49/1.90 μg/mL and 3.70/2.80 μg/mL respectively). These promising extracts showed no cytotoxicity against HEK293T up to 200 μg/mL, giving selectivity indices (SIs) in the range of >31.20–80.32. Conclusions: While providing credence to the use of D. principum, T. catappa, and T. mantaly in the traditional treatment of malaria, the results achieved set the stage for isolation and identification of active principles and ancillary molecules that may provide us with new drugs or drug combinations to fight against drug-resistant malaria.

The different effects of probiotics treatment on Salmonella-induced interleukin-8 response in intestinal epithelia cells via PI3K/Akt and NOD2 expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-C. Huang ◽  
S.-C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Exact Effect

Salmonella spp. remains a major public health problem for the whole world. Intestinal epithelial cells serve as an essential component of the innate mucosal immune system to defend against Salmonella infection. A substantial amount of evidence has accumulated that probiotics can regulate interleukin 8 (IL-8) involved in innate immunity. However, the exact effect of probiotics on epithelial IL-8 response to Salmonella infection is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the action of probiotics on Salmonella-infected Caco-2 cells and its novel mechanisms. Two probiotic strains were examined for Salmonella-induced IL-8 responses and regulating proteins using Caco-2 cell cultures. We demonstrated probiotic, either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM10140, administered before Salmonella infection conferred significantly suppressive effect on Salmonella-induced IL-8 responses in Caco-2 cells, either in secreted protein or mRNA, via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway while probiotic administered after infection enhanced Salmonella-induced IL-8 responses via nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein 2 expression in membrane. These findings suggest that the different regulation of probiotics on Salmonella-induced IL-8 responses in Caco-2 cells according to the administered timing supports a rationale for the therapeutic use of probiotics in the treatment of Salmonella colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. This can explain the reported controversial effect of probiotics on these diseases.

scholarly journals Investigating Carriage, Contamination, Antimicrobial Resistance and Assessment of Colonization Risk Factors of Campylobacter spp. in Broilers from Selected Farms in Thika, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwajuma K. Abubakar ◽  
Anne W. T. Muigai ◽  
Perpetual Ndung’u ◽  
Samuel Kariuki
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Aims: To investigate carriage and contamination rates of chicken broiler meat, the factors that are associated with Campylobacter spp. colonization and its phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance from Thika small-scale poultry farms. Study Design: The study design was cross-sectional and laboratory based, it employed simple random sampling across 18 small-scale farms. Site and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between August and December 2017 at Thika sub-county, a town located 42 Km North East of Nairobi. Methodology: One hundred and eighty five cloaca swab samples from live broilers and 158 neck swab samples from broiler carcasses were collected. Isolates were obtained by plating method using mCCDA, conventional methods and duplex PCR were used for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter species. Results: Carriage prevalence was at 15.67%, significantly (P = .000) lower than contamination prevalence detected at 30.37%. While the overall Campylobacter spp. prevalence was 22.45%.  Risk of Campylobacter colonization in the flock doubled in feeding broilers with chicken waste and older poultry, at (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 0.19 - 34.47) and (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.312 - 12.84) respectively. The Campylobacter spp. were resistant (P < .05) against Ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin, and Trimethoprim between carriage and contamination. MDR was 79.22%; XDR was 12.98% while no PDR recorded. Conclusion: Broilers in Thika region are potentially important source of human infection and possible continuity of infection from the threat posed by Campylobacter carrier broilers. Presence of sulI and dhfr genes with high resistance observed for quinolones, sulfonamides, ß-lactams and trimethoprim, thus posing a major public health problem for consumers of poultry products.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria from Egg Shell of Hen and to See Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul Fardows ◽  
Abu Bakar Siddique ◽  
Adneen Moureen ◽  
Tasmin Afroz Binte Islam ◽  
Nasrin Farhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Food-borne disease is a major public health problem affecting developed as well as developing countries. Inaccurately treated eggs can be one of its causes. So we designed this study to observe the possibility of transmission of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria from market eggs to the community.Objectives: To identify different Gram-positive bacteria in eggs and to observe their antimicrobial susceptibility.Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Shells of 150 eggs collected from different markets of Dhaka city were tested. Bacteria were isolated and identified by culture and relevant biochemical tests.Results: Out of 150 egg shells, 120 (80%) yielded growth of different bacteria. Of them, Staphylococcus spp. were 80 (66.67%), Streptococcus spp. 8 (6.67%), Bacillus subtilis 20 (16.67%) and Bacillus cereus 12 (10%). Out of 80 Staphylococcus spp., 30 (25%) were Staphylococcus aureus and 50 (41.67%) were Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Most of the Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and imipenem. No MRSA and VRSA were found.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that Gram-positive bacteria from market eggs may be an important source of infection to the community.J Enam Med Col 2016; 6(1): 15-18

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