scholarly journals A comparative study to assess drinking expectancy and functioning in alcohol dependent patients with and without co-morbid depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Anu Mary Mani ◽  
K. Srinivasan ◽  
Priya Sreedaran
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and major depressive disorder are highly prevalent. Much less is known about the expectancy of alcohol use in depressed patients with ADS. Few studies had compared the expectancy of alcohol use in ADS patients with and without co-morbid depression. Assessing the above factors may help to formulate effective prevention strategies. This study was designed to assess the difference in expectancy of alcohol use and functioning in patients with ADS with and without co-morbid depression.Methods: The difference in expectancy of alcohol use in 96 alcohol dependent patients, of which 24 had co-morbid depression and 72 without co-morbid depression was studied using drinking expectancy questionnaire. In addition, we compared the difference in functioning between the two groups using GAF.Results: Prevalence of depression in alcohol dependent patients was 25%. ADS patients with co-morbid depression had less expectancy about alcohol use for sexual enhancement and had lower level of functioning compared to ADS patients without depression.Conclusions: Less expectancy on sexual enhancement in patients with ADS and co-morbid depression could be possibly due to reduced libido in depressed patients. The observed lower functioning in ADS patients with co-morbid depression despite no difference in severity of alcohol use may be possibly explained by the added burden of both the diseases.

scholarly journals Pattern of alcohol use and drinking antecedents in alcohol dependent patients with and without co-morbid depression: a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3045
Author(s):  
Anu Mary Mani ◽  
K. Srinivasan ◽  
Priya Sreedaran
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Drinking Pattern ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Background: Few studies have compared the pattern of alcohol use in Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) patients with and without co-morbid depression. Assessing the pattern may throw light into prevention of relapses more effectively in alcohol dependent patients with co-morbid depression. This study was undertaken to assess the difference in pattern of drinking of alcohol in patients with alcohol dependence with and without co-morbid depression.Methods: A descriptive comparative study was designed to compare the difference in pattern of alcohol use in alcohol dependent patients with co-morbid depression and without co-morbid depression. Severity of dependence on alcohol was assessed using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Drinking pattern was assessed using Timeline Follow back Calender and Drinking Pattern Questionnaire. The data were statistically analysed.Results: Total 96 alcohol dependent patients (24 had co-morbid depression and 72 without co-morbid depression) were included in the study. There were no significant differences in alcohol use in both the groups in terms of AUDIT scores, amount of drinking, abstinence days or binge drinking. More frequent drinking was observed in circumstances related to emotional, physiological, financial and children related situations in patients with co-morbid depression (p<0.05).Conclusions: Drinking circumstances like emotional, physiological, financial and children related situations require more attention while assessing, treating and aiming at relapse of prevention in ADS patients with co-morbid depression.

Preliminary Study of Smoking and Alcohol Use among Students in Southern Sri Lanka

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilesha Perera ◽  
Mohammad R. Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Effective Prevention Strategies

455 students, ages 15–19 years and living in a southern district of Sri Lanka, were self-administered a questionnaire to identify the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use and to assess student attitudes toward the alcohol and tobacco industries. The current prevalence of smoking was 10.6% among men and 0.0% among women. The current prevalence of alcohol use was 21.2% among men and 3.3% among women. A significantly higher proportion of men than women expressed favorable attitudes toward the alcohol industry (27% versus 7%) and the tobacco industry (13% versus 5%). Given that aggressive marketing strategies are used by these industries to promote their products among young people, epidemiological studies of the substances using scientifically sound methods to formulate effective prevention strategies are essential.

Circadian variations in response to protirelin test in major depressive episode

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Duval ◽  
MC Mokrani ◽  
MA Crocq ◽  
S Rosenberg ◽  
J Oliveira Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Trh Receptors

SummaryWe studied circadian thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (protirelin) infusion (200μg IV) at 8 am and 11 pm in 35 drug-free inpatients with DSM III-R Major Depressive Episode and in 22 hospitalized controls. In each group, maximum TSH and PRL responses were lower at 8 am than at 11 pm. The difference between 11 pm-ΔTSH and 8 am-ΔJTSH (ΔΔTSH) was significantly lower in depressed patients compared to controls. No such blunting was observed in PRL responses to protirelin in depressed patients. In the overall population, TSH response to protirelin (ie8 am-ΔTSH, 11 pm-ΔTSH, ΔΔTSH) correlated significantly with TSH circadian parameters (ie mesor and amplitude). These correlations were also observed with PRL (except for ΔΔPRL). TSH mesor and amplitude were lower in depressives than in controls. In contrast, PRL mesor and amplitude were not significantly different between diagnostic groups. ΔΔTSH is thus a chronobiological refinement to the measure of thyroid axis dysfunction in major depression. The blunted TSH response to protirelin suggests that the TRH receptors of the pituitary thyrotrophs are hyposensitive in major depression.

Age and marital status predictors of binge alcohol use among adults with major depressive episode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areen Omary
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Never Married ◽  
At Risk Populations

Aims: This study aims to examine if age and marital status can predict the risk for binge alcohol use (BAU) among adults with a major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: Data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 2018 National Survey for Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were analyzed. The unweighted sample included 6,999 adults representing a weighted population size of 33,900,452.122 in the US. Results and Conclusions: The findings of this retrospective research confirmed that age and marital status significantly predicted BAU in the past month among adults with MDE. Adults with MDE at higher risk for BAU were adults under the age of 50, adults who were never married, and adults who were divorced/separated. Special attention must be paid to those in age groups under 50, never married, and have been separated/divorced who are particularly at-risk for future alcohol abuse. Future research should consider examining additional potential confounders for BAU among other at-risk populations.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase 8A to discriminate in blood samples depressed patients and suicide attempters from healthy controls based on A-to-I RNA editing modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Salvetat ◽  
Fabrice Chimienti ◽  
Christopher Cayzac ◽  
Benjamin Dubuc ◽  
Francisco Checa-Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rna Editing ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMental health issues, including major depressive disorder, which can lead to suicidal behavior, are considered by the World Health Organization as a major threat to global health. Alterations in neurotransmitter signaling, e.g., serotonin and glutamate, or inflammatory response have been linked to both MDD and suicide. Phosphodiesterase 8A (PDE8A) gene expression is significantly decreased in the temporal cortex of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. PDE8A specifically hydrolyzes adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which is a key second messenger involved in inflammation, cognition, and chronic antidepressant treatment. Moreover, alterations of RNA editing in PDE8A mRNA has been described in the brain of depressed suicide decedents. Here, we investigated PDE8A A-to-I RNA editing-related modifications in whole blood of depressed patients and suicide attempters compared to age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. We report significant alterations of RNA editing of PDE8A in the blood of depressed patients and suicide attempters with major depression, for which the suicide attempt took place during the last month before sample collection. The reported RNA editing modifications in whole blood were similar to the changes observed in the brain of suicide decedents. Furthermore, analysis and combinations of different edited isoforms allowed us to discriminate between suicide attempters and control groups. Altogether, our results identify PDE8A as an immune response-related marker whose RNA editing modifications translate from brain to blood, suggesting that monitoring RNA editing in PDE8A in blood samples could help to evaluate depressive state and suicide risk.

Resiliency factors protecting against teenage alcohol use and smoking: influences of religion, religious involvement and values, and ethnicity in the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study

Twin Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Heath ◽  
PAF Madden ◽  
JD Grant ◽  
TL McLaughlin ◽  
AA Todorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of ethnicity (African American vs European/other ancestry), family religious affiliation, religious involvement, and religious values, to risk of alcohol and cigarette use in adolescent girls; and to estimate genetic and shared environmental effects on religious involvement and values. Telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of female like-sex twin pairs, aged 13–20 (n = 1687 pairs, including 220 minority pairs), as well as with one or both parents of twins aged 11–20 (n = 2111 families). These data, together with one-year follow-up twin questionnaire data, and two-year follow-up parent interview data, were used to compare ethnic differences. Proportional hazards regression models and genetic variance component models were fitted to the data. Despite higher levels of exposure to family, school and neighborhood environmental adversities, African American adolescents were less likely to become teenage drinkers or smokers. They showed greater religious involvement (frequency of attendance at religious services) and stronger religious values (eg belief in relying upon their religious beliefs to guide day-to-day living). Controlling for religious affiliation, involvement and values removed the ethnic difference in alcohol use, but had no effect on the difference in rates of smoking. Religious involvement and values exhibited high heritability in African Americans, but only modest heritability in EOAs. The strong protective effect of adolescent religious involvement and values, and its contribution to lower rates of African American alcohol use, was confirmed. We speculate about the possible association between high heritability of African American religious behavior and an accelerated maturation of religious values during adolescence.

A Comparison Of The Improving In Major Depressive Symptoms As Reported By Romanian Physicians And Patients In a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S442-S442
Author(s):  
T. Purnichi ◽  
V. Marinescu ◽  
M. Ladea ◽  
M.C. Eda ◽  
I. Marinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Major Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Observational Study

IntroductionDepression leads to substantial suffering for the patients, their families and becomes an economic burden for system [1,2]. Patients and clinicians tend to rate the remission differently [3].Objectives and methodsWe investigate if clinicians and patients rate different the treatment response. This study assed the evolution of major depressive episode (MDE) in patients treated with Agomelatine, in Romania. It was designed as a multicentre, observational study that included 1213 adult patients evaluated in 75 sites in 2014. The design included 3 visits (baseline (V1); visit at 2/3 weeks (V2); visit 6/8 weeks (V3)). The scales used were: MADRS, SHAPS, CGI-I, CGI-S, PGI-I, PGI-S.ResultsThe MDE improvement was significant (P < 0.001) for all aspects evaluated. At baseline, more clinicians vs. patients considered the moderately or markedly ill as best descriptors of the state. The difference between the two assessments was even higher for V2 and V3. During V2 clinicians reported “minimally improvement” while patients reported “much improvement” in higher percentage. During V3, both, clinicians and patients reported a “very much improved” clinical status. Of the patients 42.60% reported at V3 “normal”, not at all ill’ in comparison to 34.81% of clinicians who reported the same (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis could mean that patients are not aware of the severity of their disease. This data could be interpreted in the way that patients are more prone to rate higher the improvements as response to treatment and the clinicians to rate as response a more than 50% decrease of symptomatology.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Measures of the DSM–5 mixed-features specifier of major depressive disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Mixed Features

During the past two decades, a number of studies have found that depressed patients frequently have manic symptoms intermixed with depressive symptoms. While the frequency of mixed syndromes are more common in bipolar than in unipolar depressives, mixed states are also common in patients with major depressive disorder. The admixture of symptoms may be evident when depressed patients present for treatment, or they may emerge during ongoing treatment. In some patients, treatment with antidepressant medication might precipitate the emergence of mixed states. It would therefore be useful to systematically inquire into the presence of manic/hypomanic symptoms in depressed patients. We can anticipate that increased attention will likely be given to mixed depression because of changes in the DSM–5. In the present article, I review instruments that have been utilized to assess the presence and severity of manic symptoms and therefore could be potentially used to identify the DSM–5 mixed-features specifier in depressed patients and to evaluate the course and outcome of treatment. In choosing which measure to use, clinicians and researchers should consider whether the measure assesses both depression and mania/hypomania, assesses all or only some of the DSM–5 criteria for the mixed-features specifier, or assesses manic/hypomanic symptoms that are not part of the DSM–5 definition. Feasibility, more so than reliability and validity, will likely determine whether these measures are incorporated into routine clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document