scholarly journals Aerobic bacteriological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary infection: a tertiary care hospital study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Shahida Akhtar ◽  
Asifa Nazir ◽  
Humaira Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Respiratory tract infection are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalent bacterial agents and their antimicrobial resistance patterns differs, both geographically and over time. Bronchoalveolar lavage has improved sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic techniques in diagnosis of pulmonary infections. The present study aimed to determine the current aerobic bacterial isolates and their sensitivity pattern obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with pulmonary infection.Methods: BAL samples received from the patients of suspected respiratory tract infections over a period of one year, from June 2018 to May 2019 were processed by standard methods for isolation and identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 322 BAL samples, 84 (26.08%) were found to be culture positive for bacterial isolates. Of those, 44 samples (52.38%) from among males and 40 samples (47.61%) from among females were culture positive .The predominant organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 46 (54.76%) followed by Acinetobacter baumanii 13 (15.47%), Escherichia coli 10 (11.90%), Klebsiella pnuemoniae 6 (7.14%) Enterobacter sp 3 (3.57%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (3.57%), Enterococcus sp 2 (2.38%) and Sphingomonas sp 1 (1.19%). The Gram-negative organisms showed maximum sensitivity to colistin (100%) while as vancomycin and linezolid were the most effective drugs against Gram positive organisms.Conclusions: Bronchoalveolar lavage has improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of pulmonary infections. It is important to have an updated local antibiogram for each hospital and regular surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance and the changing patterns of the bacterial pathogens is a must for better patient management.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Hyderabad, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ghulam Maka ◽  
Samreen Shah ◽  
Shaista Bano ◽  
Sarfraz Ali Tunio
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are important clinical problems and among the commonest infectious diseases throughout the world. Several factors including gender, age and season have been shown to influence the prevalence rates of RTIs. The current study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria causing of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria. A total of 201 sputum and swab samples were collected from patients from August 2015 to March 2016 and investigated for Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The antibiotic sensitivity of isolated bacteria was performed using Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method. Isolation and identification of the bacteria were carried out using conventional methods including microscopic, cultural and biochemical testing. Out of 201 samples, 29.85% (n=60) yielded bacterial growth in which 20.9% (n=42) belonged to male while 8.96% (n=18) were from female patients. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacteria accounting 48.33% (n=29), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 45% (n=27) and E. coli 6.67% (n=04). The data of antibiotic susceptibility profiling demonstrated that Cefoperazone sulbactam, Meropenem, Piperacillin Tazobactam and Amikacin were highly effective against all isolated bacteria. However, Ampicillin, Cephradine, Ofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole were found the least effective antibiotics against all isolated bacteria. In summary, an increasing trend in the resistance against antibiotics which are more frequently prescribed, such as Cephradine, Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole was observed. Therefore, a continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance trends of pathogens is needed to ensure appropriate recommendations for the treatment of the URTIs.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of bacterial flora from respiratory tract of healthy horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
ZB Muktha ◽  
SML Kabir ◽  
MT Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli

This study was carried out during the period of July to December, 2014 in order to isolate and characterize bacterial flora present in the respiratory tract of healthy horses in and around BAU campus. Eighteen apparently healthy horses were used for the study. Swab samples were collected from the nasal cavity. The bacteria was isolated ,identified and characterized by cultural (aerobic condition),staining, biochemical and PCR technique. Each of the samples collected yielded at least one bacterial species. A total of 27 bacteria were isolated from the selected animals. The majority of the isolates (15/27, 55.56%) were Gram-positive and the rest (12/27, 44.44%) were Gram-negative. Bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (83.33%) and E. coli (66.66%).The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates was investigated by disc diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity test of Staphylococcus aureus revealed that the isolates were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, moderately sensitive to gentamicin and resistance to amoxicilin, ampicilin and erythromycin. On the other hand, E. coli showed moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, mildly sensitive to erythromycin and resistance to amoxicilin and ampicilin. Detection of E. coli and S. aureus from the respiratory tract of healthy horses were not unexpected. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin could be used for therapeutic purpose, if diseases occur by these organisms in horses.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 239-246, December 2015

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli at a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Rehana Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Solayman ◽  
Babul Aktar ◽  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections due to multidrug resistant E.coli range from uncomplicated urinary tract infections to life-threatening sepsis. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in 173 (12.84%) Escherichia coli strains isolated from 1347 clinical specimens of different types. Isolation and identification of E.coli were done as per routine laboratory protocol directed by Cheesbrough1. The isolation rate of E.coli was 48.57% in stool followed by 17.68% in urine, 25% in wound swabs, and 15.38% in tracheal aspirate etc. Among the 173 isolates 102 (59%) were from males and 71 (41%) were from females. Patients were classified into five age groups: 0-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60 and >60 years. E.coli was found highest number in females (13.9%) of age range 31-45 years and in males (22%) belonged to age group of over 60 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was conducted for 22 different antibiotics. The majority of isolated E.coli were highly sensitive to Imipenem (98.18%), Meropenem (97.37%), Amikacin (91.67%), Amoxiclav (80%), Ceftazidime (73.33%), and Gentamycin (71.76%). The antibiotics Tobramycin and Azithromycin were found as moderately sensitive against E.coli with the susceptibility rate of 52.5% and 50% respectively. The isolates show low degree of susceptibility to Penicillin G (9.52%), Carbenicillin (10%), Erythromycin (19.48%), Amoxycillin (19.59%), and Ampicillin (25%). These findings have clinical and epidemiological significance and provide a benchmark for future studies on the pattern of susceptibility of clinical isolates of E.coli in this region as well as may help the clinician to prescribe the right empirical treatment.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 681-686

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Shukla Promite ◽  
Sajal K Saha ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The study was aimed to characterize bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections (RTI) and   investigate their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Selective media and biochemical tests were used to characterize 40   bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. About   42.5% (17) RTI patients were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 30% (12) by Escherichia coli and 27.5% (11) by   Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no significant gender variation (p-value <0.578). Overall, 47% (out of 20) antibiotics   were sensitive, whereas 48% were resistant. Surprisingly, 18% P. aeruginosa and 20% K. pneumoniae were   carbapenem-resistant and 4 out of 7 cephalosporin antibiotics were highly resistant irrespective of pathogens. E. coli   showed better sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (78%) and levofloxacin (89%), while K. pneumoniae was insensitive to   cotrimoxazole (88%), gentamycin (77%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66%). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa did   not respond to P. aeruginosa to nalidixic acid (60%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). This study concludes that   nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotics could be better   alternative in treating bacterial RTIs.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 235-244, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Florfenicol against Bovine and Porcine Respiratory Tract Pathogens

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2703-2705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Priebe ◽  
Stefan Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Porcine Respiratory ◽  
Microdilution Broth

ABSTRACT Florfenicol in vitro activities for a total of 756 bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections of cattle and swine were comparatively investigated by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution broth method. Florfenicol showed high in vitro activity against Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Streptococcus suis, with all of the isolates inhibited by ≤2 μg of florfenicol per ml.

Evaluation of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslınur Albayrak ◽  
Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽  
Bensu Karahalil
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common and severe infectious diseases in developing countries. Acinetobacter baumannii is the bacterium known as causative organism for respiratory tract infections in human populations. The Report suggests that co-infection of Acinetobacter baumannii with Mycobacterium tuberculosis together increases health complications in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) positive patients and creates fatal damage to the ailing population. In our study, 106 sputum samples of MDR-TB positive patients from Northern Punjab were studied. The isolation of A. baumannii from sputum of MDR-TB patients was done on selective media and initially screened by Oxidase and Catalase based identification followed by microscopic examination. Afterward, only ten suspected isolates of A. baumannii were again selected for further characterization for MDR by using Disc diffusion method. Antibiograms against number of antibiotics were accurately determined. Of these 10 isolates, 8 sample were found resistant to levofloxacin and subjected to molecular characterization using bla-OXA-51 primers. Only 3 out of 106 (2.83 %) isolates were confirmed as MDR strains of A. baumannii. These results show the coexistence of MDR A. bauminnii with MDR-TB patients of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. In Northern Punjab regions a higher percentage (3 cases) of MDR- TB were detected, which were co-infected with Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients. These findings may show unhygienic hospital environment or practices which leads to the co-infection.

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