scholarly journals Clinico-hematological study of leukemias in a hospital-based setup

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Sneha Roy ◽  
Sourav Nath ◽  
Rashmi Rekha Goswami ◽  
S. A. Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Chronic Leukemia ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Medical College

Background: Leukemia, the malignant proliferation of hematopoietic cells, accounts for a major portion of cancer globally. Types of leukemia are necessary for effective therapy as prognosis, and survival rates are different for each type of leukemia. The objective of the study was to know the relative incidence of leukemia in Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Assam. This study also aims to know the clinical manifestations of leukemia and their hematological correlation.Methods: It was a retrospective study of 60 patients carried out in the Department of Pathology in SMCH, Assam, over a period of 2 years from April 2019 to March 2021. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood count, peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination for morphology, along with cytochemistry study whenever required.Results: In this study, acute leukemia was more prevalent than chronic leukemia. The most common form was CML followed by AML, ALL and then CLL. Male predominance was observed in this study with male: female ratio = 1.7:1. Conclusions: In our study, Acute leukemia was more prevalent than chronic leukemia. Leukemia affected male more than female. In this study, the frequency of AML is more than that of ALL but number of cases of CML exceeds that of AML.

scholarly journals Pattern of hematological malignancies diagnosed by peripheral smear examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Punam Paudyal ◽  
A Pradhan ◽  
S Pokharel ◽  
N Shah ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Chronic Leukemia ◽  
Smear Examination

 Background: Leukemia is a malignant neoplasm of the hematopoietic stem cells. Examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults suffering from leukemia because it provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders.Objectives: To study the various patterns of leukemia, clinicoepidemiological profile and hematological features of leukemia.Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Hematology section of Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital. This study included all consecutive cases of leukemia diagnosed by peripheral blood smear examination from 1st June 2013 to 30th May 2014. The demographic indices were noted in a proforma. Investigations including haemoglobin estimation, total leucocyte count and platelet count were done for the study of hematological features. The morphological sub-typing was done according to the FAB classification system for leukemia.Results: Out of total 52 cases, majority of cases were of acute leukemia (65.38%), followed by chronic leukemia (26.92%) and lymphoma spill/ acute leukemia (7.69%). The age range was 2 to 90 years. Mean age was 37.6 year. Majority were male. Mean hemoglobin count for AML and ALL was 6.8 and 5.3 gm/dl respectively.Conclusion: The finding of this study reflects the pattern of leukemia at BPKIHS. Majority of acute leukemia constituted of acute myeloid leukemia (36.53%) cases and majority of chronic leukemia constituted of chronic myeloid leukemia (17.30%) cases.Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2018, Page: 25-35

Congenital Malaria: A Rare Cause of Splenomegaly and Anemia in an American Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
D. Thompson ◽  
C. Pegelow ◽  
A. Underman ◽  
D. Powars
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Pregnancy Malaria ◽  
Congenital Malaria

A 38-day-old infant had fever, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and a hemolytic anemia. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated intraerythrocytic malarial parasites identified as Plasmodium vivax. Maternal and infant sera contained antibodies to this species. A directed history revealed the mother had suffered several febrile illnesses in Mexico during her pregnancy. Malaria had not been diagnosed nor was it considered at the time of her delivery at this hospital. Review of this and six other cases of congenital malaria reported in this country since 1950 indicates clinical manifestations seldom appear before 3 weeks of age. Although these signs are more frequently associated with other transplacental infections, their occurrence in an infant whose mother is from or who has traveled in an endemic area should prompt consideration of the diagnosis of congenital malaria.

scholarly journals Primary Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 32 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xiao ◽  
Zixuan Zhao ◽  
Binglu Li ◽  
Taiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Masses

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy options, and outcomes of retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma.Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients diagnosed with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma and admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2012 to August 2019.Results: Among our 32 cases with retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma, the male-to-female ratio was 1:3 and the mean age was 35. Only 25% of the cases presented with abdominal pain while more than 65% had no specific symptoms. The masses could be found through physical examination in only five patients. Most of the tumors are located near the renal area. They were usually single and displayed an embedded growth pattern with diameters <10 cm, clear borders, and soft texture. For radiological imaging, the majority of tumors demonstrated soft tissue density with mild-to-moderate enhancement on CT imaging and showed hypoecho with moderate blood flow signals in ultrasound. No significantly abnormal laboratory examinations were found in most patients. Of all the 32 patients, 2 chose surveillance after biopsy due to difficulties in operation, while others chose surgical resection. The mean follow-up time was 15.8 months among 26 patients. The tumor remained stable in the surveillance cases. Residual tumors were found in four cases receiving operations with no progress and discomfort. No recurrence was seen in all patients.Conclusions: The retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor without specific clinical manifestations or significant laboratory findings. Typically, it is shown as low density with a clear border and an embedded growth pattern in radiological imaging. The overall prognosis is good. Surgery is an effective approach with possible severe complications. Incomplete resection or surveillance can be considered for some cases where complete resection is difficult to achieve.

scholarly journals Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
J Shrestha ◽  
CB Pun ◽  
T Pathak ◽  
S Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Acute Myelogenous

Background: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is one of the most important clinical applications of fl ow cytometry. The aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotyping profi le of acute leukemia, by means of a fl ow cytometric method, using monoclonal antibodies all marked with a fl uorochrome, in four colour systems to assess their distribution according to type of leukemia (lymphoid B or T / myeloid). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data of immunophenotyping from 52 acute leukemia patients at the department of pathology in B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood and bone marrow examination for morphology, cytochemistry and immunophenotypic studies. Results: Out of total 52 cases of acute leukemia diagnosed by fl ow cytometry over a two year period, there were 31 cases (59.6 %) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (38.4 %) of acute myelogenous leukemia and one case (1.9 %) of bi-phenotypic acute leukemia. Leukemia was diagnosed among adults in 44.2 % whereas among children with age less than or equal to 15 years in 55.7 %. Thirty eight (73%) were male and 14 (27 %) were female with a male: female ratio of 2.7:1. For acute myelogenous leukemia, it was found that M0 (5.0 %), M1 (20%), M2 (60%), M3 (15%), M4 (5.0 %) were detected. CD13 and CD33 were the most useful markers in the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. The most common subtype was AML-M2. Of the 31 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (64.5 %) were identifi ed as B-ALL and 11 cases (35.5%) as T-ALL. Aside from cytoplasmic CD3 (cCD3) and CD7 were the most sensitive antigens present in all cases of T-ALL. All cases of B-ALL showed expression of pan B-cell markers CD19 and CD22, but 15 (75 %) of 20 cases expressed CD10. Conclusion: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping was found to be especially useful in the correct identifi cation and diagnosis of acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia and its subtypes. In combination with French-American-British (FAB) morphology and immunophenotyping, we were able to diagnose and classify all patients with acute leukemia in this study. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 345-350 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7856

scholarly journals Dermatophytes in Skin, Nail and Hair among the Patients Attending Out Patient Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Jha ◽  
Sabina Bhattarai ◽  
Jyotshna Sapkota ◽  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Chandra Prakash Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Direct Microscopy ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Patient Department

Background: Dermatophytosis are the most common types of cutaneous fungal infection seen in human and animals affecting skin, hair and nails caused by dermatophytes. The diagnosis of dermatophytes is based on the clinical observation and laboratory diagnosis by direct microscopic examination and fungal cultures. The present study is undertaken to isolate different type of dermatophytes causing fungal infection.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study design was used in a total of 90 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytic infection attending the out patient department of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching hospital (KMCTH). Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were collected from the patients and were processed by direct microscopy and culture using standard protocol. Dermatophytes were identified based on the microscopic arrangement of microconidia and macroconidia.Results: Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-40 years and was more predominant among male with male to female ratio of 1.7: 1. Among the total clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis, 53 were positive in direct microscopy and only a total of 20 were positive by culture. Most common clinical type observed in our study was Tinea corporis(25%) followed by Tinea cruris. Trichophyton rubrum(50%) was the commonest aetiological agent in majority of clinical types followed by Trychophyton mentagrophytes(35%). Conclusions: The study highlighted T. corporis followed by T. cruris and T. unguim as the most common clinical pattern of dermatophytosis with a male predominance and 21-40 years being the most affected age group. T. rubram was the most common aetiological agent causing dermatophytosis.Keywords: Dermatophytes; dermatophytosis; epidermophyton; tinea; trychophyton.

scholarly journals A Study of Hematological Malignancies in Tripura Medical College & Dr. BRAM Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (31) ◽  
pp. 2456-2459
Author(s):  
Nabaneet Majumder ◽  
Sayandeep Nath
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Hematological malignancies are a major health problem in our society due to their high mortality and morbidity. It includes diverse and biologically distinct subgroups and can be defined as clonal neoplasm of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells in bone marrow and spilling into peripheral blood. The patterns of subtypes of hematological malignancies vary in different populations and geographic areas because of genetic, environmental, dietary and social factors. Research of epidemiological features of leukemia are poorly reported in Tripura. The objective of the study was to get an idea about the pattern of hematological malignancies in our institute which will help to get an idea of the disease in our state and find out the incidence of hematological malignancies in Tripura Medical College, a tertiary care hospital in Tripura. METHODS This is a one-year prospective study, conducted in the Department of Pathology, Tripura Medical College & DR BRAM teaching hospital from July 2017 to June 2018. Medical records of all patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed as a case of hematological malignancy were reviewed for demographic and clinical characteristics at diagnosis. Data analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16. RESULTS Our study included 19 diagnosed cases of hematological malignancies, of which 15 were of acute leukemia and 3 cases were of chronic leukemia. Amongst the cases of acute leukemia, 9 were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) whereas 6 were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Out of chronic leukemic cases, all were diagnosed as CML. We reported a solitary case of multiple myeloma in a elderly male patient. Present study showed male predominance, invariably affecting the adults. Commonest form of leukemia in adults were AML followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) whereas all cases of ALL were found in children.The most common peripheral blood finding in hematological malignancy was pancytopenia followed by bicytopenia. CONCLUSIONS In our study, acute leukemia was the most common subtype of leukemia in all age groups. Of all leukemia cases, majority were of AML. Demographic characteristics were almost the same as other regional reports. Our observation is mostly comparable with other studies from India and the neighborhood countries. The differences observed in few demographic parameters may be due to geographic variation and genetic difference of study population. KEY WORDS Hematological Malignancies, Acute Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

scholarly journals Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (FAB M7)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
T Ara ◽  
MK Zaman ◽  
S Afrose ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
AR Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia ◽  
Progressive Weakness

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AML M7) is a rare type of acute leukemia often presented with myelofibrosis.This report describes a 65 years old female who presented with progressive weakness and fatigue. She was diagnosed as a case of de novo AMLM-7 on the basis of peripheral blood finding, bone marrow examination report and immunophenotyping. She refused chemotherapy, received only supportive therapy and died after two months of diagnosis. Key Words: Acute megakaryocytic leukemia; thrombocytosis; immunophenotyping. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v20i1.8590 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2011; 20(1) :89-92

scholarly journals A clinical study of cutaneous adverse drug reactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Riddhi Shah ◽  
Sakshi Agrawal ◽  
Neela Bhuptani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Morbilliform Rash

Background: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions pose a diagnostic challenge due to a myriad of clinical manifestations and wide variety of causative agents. Present study aims to record various clinical patterns of adverse drug reactions, their causative agents and to study the pattern of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions.Methods: 150 patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions were included who came to Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at PDU Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat from September 2009 to September 2011. Thorough history with all routine haematological and biochemical investigations, septic screening were done. HIV testing was done in severe reactions. Appropriate specific treatment was given with counselling regarding the offending drug.Results: The most common age group was 21-30 years (26.67%) with male to female ratio being 0.92:1. Morbilliform rash was the most common clinical type (42.67%) in both HIV reactive and non-reactive patients. Antimicrobials were the most common group (29.33%) and nevirapine was the most common offending drug (27.33%). Mortality rate was 2% (3 out of 150 cases) and all the patients were of toxic epidermal necrolysis.Conclusions: The pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and the causative drugs are remarkably different in our study. Knowledge of the pattern and the causative agent helps in better management and reduced consequences in these patients particularly in severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions.

scholarly journals Renal Involvement and HBV Infection Are Common in Chinese Patients With Cryoglobulinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bai ◽  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Jiuliang Zhao ◽  
Shangzhu Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the main characteristics of Chinese patients with cryoglobulinemia, especially the characteristics of patients with different causes of cryoglobulinemia.Methods: Eighty inpatients diagnosed with cryoglobulinemia from different wards in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, biological, and renal pathological data were collected. We analyzed the characteristics of 61 patients with different causes of cryoglobulinemia.Results: Most patients (36/80, 45%) were diagnosed between 40 and 60 years of age. The male: female ratio was 1:1.5. Mixed (II + III) cryoglobulinemia accounted for the majority (43.8%) of cases. Renal involvement (87.5%), cutaneous involvement (57.5%), and fever (27.5%) were the most common clinical manifestations, while other manifestations included serositis and pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement. The most common renal histopathological pattern was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (25/42, 59.5%). The secondary causes of cryoglobulinemia included infectious diseases (26/61, 32.5%), such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and connective tissue diseases (22/61, 27.5%), such as lupus and hematologic tumors (13/61, 16.3%). Patients with hematologic tumors were diagnosed at an older age (P = 0.044) and mostly had type I cryoglobulinemia (P < 0.001). No significant difference in clinical or biological manifestations was found among patients with different causes of cryoglobulinemia.Conclusions: This is the largest cohort of Chinese patients with cryoglobulinemia. We found that renal involvement and HBV infection might be more common in Chinese patients with cryoglobulinemia.

Clinical Characteristics of Behçet Disease in an Egyptian Cohort

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Mohamed Farouk ◽  
Tarek A El-Maamoun ◽  
Samah A Elbakry ◽  
Maryam Ahmed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nermeen Samy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Behcet Disease ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Pathergy Test

Abstract Aim of the work To study the clinical characteristics of Behcet’s disease (BD) in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods 150 BD patients were recruited from the Rheumatology and Internal medicine Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Disease activity was assessed using Behcet Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF). Results 150 BD patients were included in this study. Their ages were 34.05 ± 9.28 years (14 – 66 years) and with disease duration range (1–20 years). There were 116 males (77.3%)and 34 females (22.7%), with male to female ratio of 3.4:1. The BDCAF was 4.44 ± 1.97 (2–10). The frequency of the clinical manifestations was oral ulcers in 86.7%, followed by genital ulcers in 82.0%, ocular involvement in 68.7%, vascular affection in 58.7%, articular manifestations in 32.7%, pathergy test was positive in 28.0%, skin manifestations in 26.0% (pustular lesions, folicilitis,erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum), neurological in 25.3% in the form of (CNS infarction in 12.7%,vasculitis in 6.7%, Cerebral sinus thrombosis in 4.0% and Seizures in 2.0%) and gastrointestinal in 7.3% in the form of (nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain). Conclusion In Egypt, there is a male predominance in BD patients as other areas in worldwide countries. The clinical characteristics are comparable to other studies. However, in Egypt the gastrointestinal manifestations showed the lowest recorded frequency

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