scholarly journals Role of imaging in children with urinary tract infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Subash Sundar ◽  
Balaji Chinnasami ◽  
Kanimozhi Sadasivam ◽  
Sekar Pasupathy
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrography ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Time Of Admission

Background: As per recommendation from the American Academy of pediatrics a child with first episode of urinary tract infection should be evaluated for underlying urinary tract abnormalities by undergoing voiding cystourethrogram, ultrasonogram of urinary tract and radionuclide imaging of kidney. We studied role of these imaging studies in picking up renal abnormalities.Methods: We conducted a descriptive study in which 100 children aged 1mth-12 years with documented urinary tract infection (UTI) were included. Ultrasonogram (USG) and radionuclide renal scan were obtained at the time of admission. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed after 6weeks to look for vesicoureteric reflux.Results: Forty three children underwent both DMSA and follow up VCUG. Ultrasonogram picked up acute pyelonephritis (APN) in 7.1% of children with UTI while 31.1% had pyelonephritis on DMSA. Overall incidence of VUR was 16.3%. The sensitivity of USG for VUR detection was only 14.2%. The sensitivity of USG as a screening test for APN is 7%.Conclusions: All children less than five years with UTI must undergo DMSA and VCUG. Ultrasonography is less sensitive in detecting VUR and acute pyelonephritis.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Anna Kawalec ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child’s health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.

The role of DMSA renal scintigraphy in the first episode of urinary tract infection in childhood

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suroj Supavekin ◽  
Wantanee Surapaitoolkorn ◽  
Nantiya Pravisithikul ◽  
Siwinee Kutanavanishapong ◽  
Sunanta Chiewvit
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Scintigraphy ◽  
First Episode

Acute urinary tract infection in general practice

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 81.1-83
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Acute Urinary Tract Infection

Most urinary tract infections resolve without treatment, but if untreated some progress to acute pyelonephritis. Antimicrobial agents are therefore used routinely to relieve symptoms and to prevent further infection.

scholarly journals 76. Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in the Multi-resistance Era: Is It Time of Microbiologic Diagnosis? An Observational Study in Buenos Aires City

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S155-S155
Author(s):  
Alvaro Otreras ◽  
Sofia Sabato ◽  
Daniela D′Alessandro ◽  
Sylvia Errea ◽  
Edgardo Bottaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) is one of the main causes of antibiotics prescription in outpatient setting. Current recommendations, based on studies from pre-antimicrobial resistance era, suggest that diagnosis of uUTI can be made based on clinical symptoms and that urine analysis leads only to a minimal increase in diagnostic accuracy. We analyzed urine cultures (UC) from patients with clinical diagnosis. Methods Prospective and observational study carried out in an Emergency Department during August 2016 to August 2017. Women older than 15 years with 2 or more classic symptoms of uUTI and the absence of vaginal discharge and irritation were included. Those with complicated and recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) were excluded. Urine cytology and UC were performed in all episodes. A bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed considering the probability of having a positive urine culture according to the different symptomatology variables. Results We enrolled 208 patients, with a median age of 25 (14-68 years). Previous UTI 6 (2.9%), previous antibiotic (last 3 months) 20 (9.6%). Inflammatory cytology 173 (83.2%), positive UC 109 (52.4%), cystitis 155 (74.5%). Symptoms: dysuria 154 (74%), frequency 111 (53.4%), tenesmus 97 (46.6%), fever 78 (37.5%), hematuria 43 (20, 7%), hypogastric pain 128 (61.5%), back pain 84 (40.4%). Combinations of 3 or more classic symptoms occurred in 52 (25%) episodes. The most frequent association was dysuria, frequency and tenesmus. No statistically significant association was found either in the bivariate or multivariate analysis in relation to presenting positive UC (Tables 1 and 2). Conclusion The results show that almost 50% of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of UTI had a negative urine culture. We consider it necessary to rethink the prescription of antibiotics without microbiological confirmation in the first episode of uUTI as a strategy to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Risk factors of the fungal urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
N. V. Sturov ◽  
S. V. Popov ◽  
I. Yu. Shmelkov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tract Infections

The role of fungi as causative agents of infections is growing. In in-patients, especially at intensive care units, fungal infections might cause serious problems. Studies conducted over recent years shows an increase of fungi detection in urine in in-patients from 5,01 up to 10,63%. Most often, the appearance of fungi in the urine connected with contamination or colonization of the urinary tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this could be the part of urinary tract infection and even of disseminated fungal process. Candida is the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections. At the same time, the presence of Candida in urine (candiduria) not always comes with clinical signs of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Detection of noCandida albicans agents in urine is increasing, new Candida species revealed are resistant to antifungal drugs so risk of complications is increasing. Recent researches reveal new mechanisms of how Candida interacts with the bacteria that cause urinary infections. The main mechanisms of Candida virulence factors are dimorphism, adhesion proteins — Als1-7,9 and Gls, invasion enzymes — phospholipase, Als3 and Ssa1, as well as enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species. The most significant risk factors of fungal urinary tract infection are the presence of a urinary catheter, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and previous antibiotic intake. The study of the formation process of the cellular and immune response to Candida makes it possible to identify the main links in the pathogenesis of urinary tract candidiasis, as well as the main role of immunosuppression in the development of the disease.

The incidence of urinary tract infections in febrile children during a two-year period in Tehran, Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Panahi ◽  
Fatemeh Beiraghdar ◽  
Yashar Moharamzad ◽  
Zahra Khalili Matinzadeh ◽  
Behzad Einollahi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Urinary Tract Abnormalities ◽  
Tract Infections

Of 433 febrile children examined in the paediatric clinics of two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 39 (9%) children (27 girls and 12 boys) were diagnosed as having urinary tract infection in which Escherichia coli was the most frequently detected pathogen (84.6%). According to the voiding cystourethrogram, nine (75%) boys and 17 (63%) girls had urinary tract abnormalities. This result is slightly higher than seen in other reports from developing countries.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY IN COMBINATION WITH A SOURCE OF D-MANNOSE IN WOMEN WITH UNCOMPLICATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кузьменко ◽  
Владимир Васильевич Кузьменко ◽  
Тимур Асланбекович Гяургиев ◽  
Мария Николаевна Химичева ◽  
Наталья Ивановна Кузьмина
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Cystitis ◽  
Tract Infections

Острый цистит является самым частым проявлением неосложненной инфекции мочевых путей. Одним из препаратов, чья эффективность в лечении больных с ИНМП доказана, является фосфомицин, который в течение длительного времени широко применяется в урологической практике. Несмотря на хорошие результаты этиотропной терапии, неразрешенной остается проблема рецидивирования ИМП. У каждой 3 женщины к 24 годам в анамнезе имеется эпизод острого цистита которая возникает примерно у 30% женщин в течении года после первого эпизода цистита. Частое рецидивирование данного заболевания влечет за собой существенные последствия, затрагивающие все сферы жизни женщины, практически парализуя ежедневный распорядок дня. Ярко выраженные симптомы, такие как постоянные позывы к мочеиспусканию, рези при мочеиспускании лишают трудоспособности, полноценного ночного сна и половой жизни. Ограничивают возможность свободного передвижения, что необходимо учитывать, особенно в постоянно растущем ритме жизни. Это создает необходимость в поиске средств, продляющих безрицидивный период, тем самым снижая отрицательное влияние данного заболевания на жизнь пациенток Альтернативные профилактические средства, находят все более широкое применение. Одним из таких средств является D-манноза. В данном исследовании была проведена оценка эффективности терапии фосфомицином с обогащением рациона питания источником D - маннозы и фосфомицина - в комплексном лечении женщин с неосложненной инфекцией нижних мочевых путей Acute cystitis is the most common manifestation of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. One of the drugs whose effectiveness in the treatment of patients with INMP has been proven is fosfomycin, which has been widely used in urological practice for a long time. Despite the good results of etiotropic therapy, the problem of recurrent UTI remains unresolved. Every 3 women have a history of acute cystitis by the age of 24, which occurs in approximately 30% of women within a year after the first episode of cystitis. Frequent recurrence of this disease entails significant consequences that affect all areas of a woman's life, practically paralyzing the daily routine. Pronounced symptoms, such as constant urge to urinate, pain when urinating, deprive the ability to work, a full night's sleep and sexual activity. They restrict the possibility of free movement, which must be taken into account, especially in the ever-growing pace of life. This creates the need to search for means that extend the disease-free period, thereby reducing the negative impact of this disease on the lives of patients. Alternative preventive means are becoming more widely used. One such remedy is D-mannose. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of fosfomycin therapy with a source of D - mannose and fosfomycin in the complex treatment of women with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection

Urogenital Tract Infections in Male Adolescents

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Walter D. Rosenfeld ◽  
Nathan Litman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Urogenital tract infections in the pediatric and adolescent populations vary depending on both age and sex. Pediatricians are quite familiar with the infant with a bacterial urinary tract infection who had a congenital anatomic anomaly or the pre-school-aged or adolescent girl with cystitis. Similarly, adolescent boys who present with cystitis or pyelonephritis will almost always have one of several predisposing conditions such as a congenital anomaly, a neurogenic bladder, an obvious systemic disease such as diabetes mellitus, or an immunodeficiency disorder. The urinary tract infection that occurs under these circumstances is managed in the traditional manner by obtaining a specimen for culture and sensitivity testing and tailoring antibiotic and other appropriate therapy according to the patient's clinical status and the organism involved. The male adolescent with pyuria and/or dysuria without any of these predisposing conditions most likely has a sexually transmitted disease. If, however, a documented bacterial urinary tract infection is found, the patient should have a full urologic evaluation including an intravenous pyelogram, voiding cystourethrogram, and possibly cystoscopy, if these procedures have not been previously performed. Cystitis and pyelonephritis that occur without underlying problems in male adolescents are quite rare and will not be discussed further in this review. Between 1971 and 1979 sexual activity among adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years increased by 66%, with 38% having had a first sexual experience by age 16 years.1

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vesicoureteral Reflux and Urinary Tract Infection in Children with and without Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Yousefichaijan ◽  
Fatemeh Safi ◽  
Masoud Rezagholizamenjany ◽  
Mino Safari ◽  
Fakhreddin Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteral Reflux ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrogram ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Vesicourethral reflux (VUR) is a common urinary tract disorder in children, which may be associated with urolithiasis. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate vesicoureteral reflux in children with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 130 children younger than 10 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) are investigated. The demographic information and clinical status of all participants were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed for all children, and they were divided into two groups of 65 subjects based on the results: group 1, children with UTI+stone; and group 2, children with UTI+ non-stone. All children received Voiding Cystourethrogram to evaluate Vesicourethral reflux. Results: The mean age of participants was 7.48 ± 3.2 years, and 68 (52.7%) of them were male. Also, VUR was observed in 33 (25.38%) cases. The frequency of reflux in the UTI + stone group was 21 (32.3%), which was significantly higher than the other group (12 cases, or 18.46%) (P = 0.011). However, the association between UTI and stone (P = 0.3, CC = -0.01) was not significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a significant correlation between urinary tract stones and VUR in children with urinary tract infections. It is recommended to investigate the presence of stone or VUR in children suffering from any of the described disorders.

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