scholarly journals Ventilator associated pneumonia: incidence and risk factors in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Manish Rathor ◽  
Neetu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Altered Sensorium ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The objective of this study is to find the occurrence and contributing risk factor of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in 2 months-5 years age group.Methods: This was a prospective, observational, hospital-based study carried out in a tertiary care setting hospital. All patients between 2 months-5 years age admitted in the ICU who had undergone MV were included in the study. Inclusion criteria includes patients who developed pneumonia after the 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and those patients were excluded who developed pneumonia within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and having respiratory system findings /involvement prior to the MV. After recruiting patients baseline clinical characteristics (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of MV) were taken, monitored and diagnosed VAP using CDC guidelines until they were discharged or deceased. The parameters such as fever, oxygenation, leucocytosis, other risk factors. chest X-ray and ETA>105CFU/ML or microscopy (grain stain>l bacteria/>10 polymorphonuclear cells) were collected every 48 hours.Results: This study was done in 133 patients while 42 patients (31.58%) developed VAP during their ICU stay. Early onset VAP occurred in 34 (80.9%) while late onset VAP was observed in the remaining 8 (19.1%) patients. In ETA culture CFU>105 Klebsiella (38%) was the predominant isolate followed by Pseudomonas (23%), Acinetobacter (17%), Staphylococcus (13%) and Citrobacter (10%) are offending organism responsible for VAP in MV patient in present study. On analysis (univariate) reintubation, altered sensorium at intubation and use of antacid are found significantly associated risk factors with the development of VAP.  Multivariate analysis revealed that reintubation was an important risk factor for the development of the VAP.Conclusions: The various risk factors can be minimized for better outcome of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Risk factors such as reintubation, altered sensorium at intubation and use of antacid are associated with VAP and also the physician treating must have knowledge and awareness about prevention of these risk factor to improve the outcome of patients.

Epidemiology and clinical outcome of ventilator-associated events at a tertiary care hospital from North India

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552098245
Author(s):  
Pooja Kumari ◽  
Priya Datta ◽  
Satinder Gombar ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Jagdish Chander
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
North India ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Utilisation Rate

The aim of our study was to determine the incidence, microbiological profile, risk factors and outcomes of patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated events in our tertiary care hospital. In this prospective study, intensive care patients put on mechanical ventilation for >48 h were enrolled and monitored daily for ventilator-associated event according to Disease Centre Control guidelines. A ventilator-associated event developed in 33/250 (13.2%); its incidence was 3.5/100 mechanical ventilation days. The device utilisation rate was 0.86, 36.4% of patients had early and 63.6% late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia whose most common causative pathogen was Acinetobacter sp. (63.6%). Various factors were significantly associated with a ventilator-associated event: male gender, COPD, smoking, >2 underlying diseases, chronic kidney disease and elevated acute physiological and chronic health evaluation II scores. Therefore, stringent implementation of infection control measures is necessary to control ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care units.

scholarly journals A study on poor prognostic factors associated with ventilator associated pneumonia at a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Raveendra K. R. ◽  
Suraj S. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired infection (HAI) seen among critically ill patients, on mechanical ventilation, due to various causes in intensive care units (ICUs). It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality which increases the cost of health care. The aim of this study was to determine the poor prognostic factors associated with VAP.Methods: In this cross-sectional prospective study,40 patients who developed features of ventilator associated pneumonia on a platform of mechanical ventilator for >48 hrs in ICU were included in the study. VAP was then diagnosed based on clinical pulmonary infection scoring system (CPIS) with a score of >=6. All patients were evaluated and correlated with different parameters for the treatment and outcome.Results: Most of the patients had late onset VAP (60.7%) with average number of days being around 8 days. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriacea, Staphylococcus aureus were commonly isolated organisms. Polymicrobial infections were not detected. Antibiotics like colistin, tigecycline and beta-lactamases are the most commonly effective antibiotics. Of the 40 VAP patients,20 patients survived and  20 died with protocol line of treatment. Following poor prognostic factors were identified-Early onset VAP (42.5%), elderly patients (>65 years) (90%), Type 2 DM (80%), hypertension (70%), prior antibiotic therapy (65%), prolonged supine position (68%) and re-intubation (75%).Conclusions: Ventilator associated pneumonia is associated with a significant increase in length of stay in ICU, time of mechanical ventilation and different complications and certain risk factors further worsens the prognosis.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Early Onset and Late Onset Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh: A Prospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzzwal Kumar Mallick ◽  
Mohammad Omar Faruq ◽  
ASM Areef Ahsan ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Fatema Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital

Objective : To compare the outcome of critically ill patients developing early onset Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurring within 96 h of ICU admission and late onset VAP occurring after 96 h of ICU admission in critically ill patients admitted in the ICU of BIRDEM General Hospital of Bangladesh.Study Design: Prospective cohort study.Material and Methods: Study data obtained over a period of 24 months (July 2012 - June 2014) in the ICU of a tertiary care hospital was prospectively analyzed. Subjects were classified by ventilator status: early onset VAP (< 96 hrs of mechanical ventilation) or late-onset VAP (?96 hrs of mechanical ventilation). Baseline demographics and bacterial etiology were analyzed according to the spectrum of status of VAP.Results: The incidence of VAP was 35.73 per 1,000 ventilator days. In our study 52% of the cases were early-onset VAP, while 48% were late-onset VAP. Acinetobacter was the commonest organism isolated from late-onset VAP (p = 0.029) while Pseudomonas was the commonest isolates obtained from early-onset VAP (p = 0.046). Klebsiella, MRSA and E. coli were almost identically distributed between groups (p > 0.05). There is significant difference of sensitivity pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa in both early and late-onset VAP (p=0.01). The overall mortality rate in our study was 44%. The mortality was significantly higher in the late-onset VAP (62.5%) than that in the early-onset VAP (26.9%) (p=0.011).Conclusion: From this study we conclude that late-onset VAP had poor prognosis in terms of mortality as compared to the early-onset type. The higher mortality in the late-onset VAP could be attributed to older age, higher co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, COPD and CKD. The findings are similar to findings of other international studiesBangladesh Crit Care J March 2015; 3 (1): 9-13

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents

2021 ◽  
pp. 966-973
Author(s):  
R. M. Bala Ashwathy ◽  
N. Deepthi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Acute cerebrovascular disease or stroke is one of the most leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Due to change in dietary habits and life style factors, there is increase in co-morbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension. This in turn increases the risk for developing stroke. Aim: To study the cerebrovascular accident patients by analyzing and comparing their clinical profile. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in stroke patients. The type of stroke, associated risk factors and prognosis of the patients were studied. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study, for a period of 4 months from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021. Both male and female were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 56.86 years. Thrombotic stroke was the most common (50%) followed by embolic and hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was the most commonly associated risk factor (80%), followed by diabetes (60%), smoking (52%), dyslipidemia (34%) and alcohol (28%). The comparatively higher incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in age less than 60 years is attributed to the rise in risk factors in the young age (P<0.05). The average duration of hospitalization was 6.58 days. There is no in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: With prevalence of risk factors on rise, younger individuals are also affected. Proper risk factor management will help in preventing stroke and its recurrence.

scholarly journals Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in India: incidence and risk factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noyal Mariya Joseph ◽  
Sujatha Sistla ◽  
Tarun Kumar Dutta ◽  
Ashok Shankar Badhe ◽  
Subhash Chandra Parija
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Emergency Intubation

Background: Knowledge of the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and its associated risk factors is imperative for the development and use of more effective preventive measures. Methodology: We performed a prospective study over a period of 15 months to determine the incidence and the risk factors for development of VAP in critically ill adult patients admitted in different intensive care units (ICUs) of Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), a tertiary care hospital in Pondicherry, India. Results: The incidence of VAP was 30.67 and 15.87 per 1,000 ventilator days in the two different ICUs. In our study 58.3% of the cases were late-onset VAP, while 41.7% were early-onset VAP. Univariate analysis indicated that the following were significantly associated with VAP: impaired consciousness, tracheostomy, re-intubation, emergency intubation, and nasogastric tube. Emergency intubation and intravenous sedatives were found to be the specific risk factors for early onset VAP, while tracheostomy and re-intubation were the independent predictors of late-onset VAP by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Knowledge of these risk factors may be useful in implementing simple and effective preventive measures including non-invasive ventilation, precaution during emergency intubation, minimizing the occurrence of reintubation, avoidance of tracheostomy as far as possible, and minimization of sedation.

Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases and Associated Risk Factors among Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2451-2453
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Fareed Khan ◽  
Raja Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Shahab Saidullah ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective: To find out the pattern of CHD and associated risk factors among children presenting at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: A case-control study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawlakot from July 2020 to June 2021. Material and Methods: A total of 207 children of both genders, screened by ECG along with chest x-ray and further confirmed with the diagnosis of CHD through echocardiography were enrolled as cases. Same number of healthy controls (n=207) were recruited from immunization center of the study institution. Among cases, types of CHD were noted. For cases and controls, demographic, antenatal and maternal risk factors including maternal age, gender of the child, history of consanguinity, history of febrile illness in pregnancy, use or multi-vitamin or folic acid in pregnancy, bad obstetrical history and maternal diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: In a total of 414 children (207 cases and 207 controls), there were 219 (53.8%) male. In terms of CHD types among cases, VSD was the most noted in 62 (30.0%), ASD 35 (16.9%), TOF 33 (15.9%) and PDA in 30 (14.5%). Cases were found to have significant association with younger age (78.3% cases below 1 year of age vs. 64.7% in controls, p=0.0085), bad obstetrical history (p=0.0002), history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0229) and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy (p=0.0147). Conclusion: Majority of the children with CHDs were male and aged below 1 year. VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA were the most frequent types of CHD. Younger age, bad obstetrical history, history of febrile illness in 1st trimester of pregnancy and lack of multivitamins and folic acid in the 1st trimester of pregnancy were found to have significant association with CHDs among children. Keywords: Congenital heart disease, echocardiography, ventricular septal defect.

scholarly journals Incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in tracheostomised and non tracheostomised patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
David D. M. Rosario ◽  
Anitha Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Pneumonia is the most common hospital acquired infection in the intensive care unit. One of the causes for hospital acquired pneumonia is ventilator associated pneumonia. Tracheostomy is known to prevent occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia as it decreases the respiratory dead space, assists in better clearance of secretions and prevents chances of aspiration. Generally, tracheostomy is done after 2 weeks of endotracheal intubation to prevent tracheal complications. The aim of this study is to identify the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in tracheostomised and non tracheostomised patients and to see if early tracheostomy can prevent development of ventilator associated pneumonia.Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital during a period of four years. 100 patients who were on mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days where taken up for the study. APACHE 4 scoring system was used. The incidence of Ventilator associated pneumonia in tracheostomised and non tracheostomised patients was studied.Results: In our study the total incidence of VAP was 44 %. In our study out of the 42 patients who had undergone tracheostomy 13 (30.95%) patients had ventilator associated pneumonia. Among the non-tracheostomised patients 31 (53.44%) out of 58 patients developed ventilator associated pneumonia. In our study the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia was much lesser (12%) in patients who underwent tracheostomy in the period 7 to 10 days after mechanical ventilation, whereas in those who underwent tracheostomy after 11 days incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia was much higher.Conclusions: Our study showed that the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia was much higher among non tracheostomised patients compared to patients who underwent tracheostomy. Hence patients undergoing earlier tracheostomy had a clear advantage than those undergoing tracheostomy late or non tracheostomised patients in preventing ventilator associated pneumonia.

scholarly journals The Evolving Pattern and Outcome of Stroke at Moderate Altitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 068-072
Author(s):  
Deepika Dhiman ◽  
Sanjay K. Mahajan ◽  
Sudhir Sharma ◽  
Rajiv Raina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Altered Sensorium ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Artery Disease

ABSTRACT Background: The people residing in hills of this Sub-Himalayan region traditionally have a distinct lifestyle involving high level of physical activity. However, increased urbanization in the last two decades has led to changes in lifestyle of people. The present study was an endeavor to document changes in the pattern of stroke in people residing at moderate altitude. Aim: This study was aimed to study the evolving trends in clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome at 3 months in hospitalized patients of stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital situated at moderate altitude. Setting and Design: This prospective, observational study was carried out in a Tertiary Care Hospital, situated at 2000 m mean sea level, from July 2014 to June 2015 in Sub-Himalayan region of India. Methods: The clinical features and risk factors profile of 235 patients of stroke consecutively admitted in hospital were analyzed, and findings were expressed in percentage. The profile was compared with a study conducted at this institute 15 years back. The outcome of patients at 3 months in terms of modified Rankin Scale >3 (mRS) and Barthel Index <60 (BI) was also studied. Results: The occurrence of stroke as a cause of hospitalization was decreasing. Ischemic stroke was noted in 74%, and 26% had hemorrhagic stroke (HS). There was male predominance (58%), but affliction of females with stroke increased from 34% to 42%. The altered sensorium (P = 0.00) and neurological weakness (P = 0.024) were significantly associated with poor outcome in stroke. The occurrence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease increased but smoking decreased among indoor patients of stroke in the last 15 years. Poor outcome of 203 patients at 3 months follow-up in terms of mRS >3 was 79 (IS-47, HS-32) but in term of BI, 63 (IS-32, HS-31) had poor outcome. Overall HS had poorer outcome. Age >70 years, female sex, altered sensorium, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, were observed as poor prognostic factors, but the association was significant with advanced age, headache, and altered sensorium. Conclusion: The occurrence of stroke decreased among hospitalized patients. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease increased but smoking decreased among patients of stroke.

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