scholarly journals Postnatal foot length of newborn: its correlation with gestational maturity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Srinivasa S. ◽  
Anjum Aara C. A. ◽  
Pavan Kumar Kalla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
R Value ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Background: Neonatal death is one of the major contributors (50%) of Under-five child mortality and 70% of the infant mortality. The main causes of neonatal deaths are prematurity and low birth weight (LBW). This study was undertaken to assess newborn foot length and determine its usefulness in identifying LBW/Preterm Babies.Methods: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 173 newborn babies, done in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru. All live newborn infants were included in the study. Newborn babies with lower limb congenital anomalies were excluded from the study.Results: Out of 173 newborn, 99 babies were male (57%) and 74 were female (43%). 122 (70.5%) were term and 51(29.5%) were preterm. 48 (38%) were SGA, 120 (69%) were AGA and 5 (3%) were LGA. Their gestational age ranged from 28 to 40 weeks. In this study positive Correlation between foot length and gestational age was found with the “r” value of 0.823. The study also showed a positive correlation between foot length and weight with the “r” value of 0.831.Conclusions: This study has a good correlation of Foot length with gestational maturity and birth weight. Foot length of 7.45cm can be used as a cut- off point for differentiating between term and preterm babies. Derived equation from this study can be used by ASHAs and Anganwadi workers for the estimation of gestational age in resource poor situations and refer the preterm newborns to higher centres for further management as early as possible to prevent long and short term complications of prematurity.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on the correlation between postnatal foot length and various other anthropometric parameters along with the gestational age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhinaya Arun Raj ◽  
◽  
Dr. K. Maheswari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
R Value

Introduction: This study was done to assess the utility of foot length in determining theanthropometric parameters of a newborn in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials andMethods: This cross-sectional study among 270 newborns were done at Sri Venkateswaraa medicalcollege hospital and research centre, from Nov 2018 to May 2020. All the healthy live newbornswere taken into the study and newborns with congenital lower limb anomalies were excluded.Results: The mean birth weight of the neonate 2.948+0.344 kg which ranged from 2.050 kg to3.750kg. The mean foot length, head circumference and chest circumference of the foot length was8.113+0.468 cm, 48.989+1.093 cm, 34.437+0.659 cm and 32.372+0.734 cm respectively. The footlength had a maximum correlation with birth weight (r-value=0.905) followed by gestational age (r-value=0.809), length (r-value=0.786), head circumference (r-value=0.719) and chest circumference(r-value=0.603). Conclusion: Foot length had a significant correlation with birth weight andgestational age of the neonates. Foot length also correlated significantly with other anthropometricvariables like length, head circumference and chest circumference.

scholarly journals Correlation of neonatal gestational age with foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Keshwani ◽  
Swati S. Suroshe
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Foot Length

Background: India contributes to one fifth of global live births and more than a quarter of neonatal deaths. A systematic analysis of global, regional and national causes of child mortality in 2013 identified preterm birth complications and infections to be the two major causes of neonatal deaths in India. So, there is need of a simple, easy to use and reliable screening tool for assessment of gestational age at peripheral level for early referral of a neonate to a tertiary care hospital, thereby reducing neonatal mortality.Methods: A hospital based observational cross-sectional study included 350 live new-borns within 48 hours of birth, from September 2018 to February 2019. Gestational age assessed by new ballard score, birth weight, foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance were noted. Babies categorised as per the gestational age profile as small, appropriate and large for gestational age using fenton charts. Data analysis done, correlation coefficient, and p value calculated to obtain results.Results: Out of 350 babies, males (185) outnumbered females (165); 154 were LBW, 89 VLBW and 76 were ELBW. AGA neonates were 193, and 157 belonged to SGA. There were no post-term and large for gestational age newborns. Both foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance correlated well with gestational age in all age groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: Foot length as well as right nipple to umbilicus distance can be used as a reliable tool for assessment of gestational age and birth weight of newborns by any health care professional to identify and refer high risk neonate.

scholarly journals Morbidity and mortality of low birth weight babies in early neonatal period in a rural area teaching hospital, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Pabbati ◽  
Preethi Subramanian ◽  
Mahesh Renikuntla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Early Neonatal Period ◽  
Preterm Babies

Background: A baby’s weight at birth is a strong indicator of newborn health and nutrition. Low birth weight (LBW) babies are more susceptible to morbidities and mortality in early neonatal period than normal birth weight (NBW) babies. Among neonatal deaths, 80% occurs in LBW / preterm babies and 75% of total neonatal deaths occur in early neonatal period. The present study was undertaken to know the incidence and early neonatal outcome of LBW babies in rural area.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted in babies born with <2.5 kg (LBW) birth weight.Results: The incidence of LBW babies was 25.07% with almost an equal contribution from preterm (50.46%) and Term Intra Uterine Growth Restricted (IUGR) (49.53%) babies. The most common morbidity found in LBW babies was Jaundice (40.09%) followed by respiratory distress (18.16%), sepsis (8.72%) and apnea (4.48%). Preterm-LBW babies had more morbidities in terms of apnea (100%), birth asphyxia (88.88%), respiratory distress (87.01%%), sepsis (80.55%) and jaundice (67.64%). Early neonatal mortality was 21.22 per 1000 live births. Mortality was 100% for babies <1 kg in birth weight, 16% in 1-1.499 kg group and 0.75% in 1.5-2.499 kg group in early neonatal period. According to gestational age, mortality in preterm-LBW babies was 88.88% and 11.11% in Term IUGR-LBW babies. The most common cause of death in LBW babies was birth asphyxia (44.44%) followed by hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (33.33%).Conclusions: The present study revealed that preterm babies contributed 50% to incidence of LBW babies. Morbidity and mortality in LBW babies were inversely related to birth weight and gestational age.

scholarly journals Foot length as a surrogate maker to identify birth weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Nitesh Upadhyay ◽  
Minhajuddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Aim was to determine the correlation of foot length with birth weight and gestational age in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the neonatal unit department of pediatrics in Chirayu medical college and hospital, Bhopal. There were 1739 deliveries included during the study period from January 2016 to December 2020. Study group comprised of all live born babies delivered in within 24 hours of birth who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results: The study comprised of 1739 newborn babies, out of which 896 (51.51%) were males and 843 (48.49%) were females. Male:female ratio 1.06:1. In our study group, 337 (15.6%) babies were preterm and 1385 (84.39%) were of term gestation. We found a positive linear correlation of foot length with all birth weight groups in a newborn with a correlation coefficient (r=0.78) and p<0.001 was found. Similarly, a positive correlation of foot length and gestational age of newborn in both term and preterm babies with (r=0.83) with p<0.01. Foot length has 87.4% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity among low-birth-weight babies with respect to cut off foot length of 75.5 mm. Foot length has 78.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity among preterm babies.Conclusions: Foot length can be used as a screening tool to identify low birth weight (LBW) and preterm babies as it had a higher sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Association of foot length and gestational maturity in neonates: a single centre study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
Hareesh Resu ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Atul Goel ◽  
Uppu Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Accredited Social Health Activist ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
R Value

Background: As the prematurity is one of the important causes of neonatal mortality/ morbidity in a developing country like India. It is important to differentiate between preterm and term babies and timely refer them to higher centre. But it's difficult to assess the Gestation age (GA) in rural areas by existing methods like New Ballard score, and Antenatal ultrasound (due to lack of equipment and experienced person). So that shows the importance of the alternative, reliable, and easy to use method for identification of term, preterm and post-term babies. The present study carried out to find out the importance of Foot length in the assessment of GA.Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective observational study, 253 newborns were included in the study. The GA assessment was done by using New Ballard score. Foot length measured by using Digital sliding calliper and birth weight were recorded. Correlation of Fetal foot length with GA and birth weight was made by using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Among 253 neonates distribution of term, preterm, male and female were 65%, 35 %, 55%, 45% respectively. In this study positive Correlation between foot length and gestational age was found with the “r” value of 0.77. The study also showed a correlation between foot length and weight with the “r” value of 0.74.Conclusions: To conclude most of the newborn in our study have a good correlation of Foot length with gestational maturity and Birthweight. Derived equation from this study can be used as an alternative to New Ballard score in the estimation of gestational age in poor sources situations like in rural areas and also in emergencies by ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activist) & Anganwadi workers.

scholarly journals Study of correlation between gestational age and new-born foot length and chest circumference

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aayush Gupta ◽  
Gunjan Kela Mehrotra ◽  
Swati Mulye
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
New Born ◽  
Foot Length

Background: Globally, in 2015, 1 million children died on first day of their life. The neonatal mortality rate is declining less rapidly than the mortality rate for children between 1month and 5 years of age. Thus, contribution of the neonatal mortality to the under-five deaths is increasing. Usually as average income of a country increases, it leads to decline in child mortality yet some countries in the fast lane for global economic growth such as India have been in the slower lane for child mortality reduction.Methods: This study was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore from October 2015 to March 2017 for period of 18 months. Total of 800 live new-borns were included in this study by simple random technique. The statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS for Windows (Version 20.0) software. The correlation of gestational age with new-born foot length and new-born chest circumference was analysed by applying correlation and regression analysis.Results: Foot length is significantly correlated with both gestational age and birth weight with p value of < 0.05 and highly positive correlation coefficient. Chest circumference is significantly correlated with both gestational age and birth weight with p value of < 0.05 and highly positive correlation coefficient.Conclusions: This study tried to identify anthropometric parameter (foot length and chest circumference) which allows for rapid evaluation of the infant for gestational age and provide at risk infants with timely care.

scholarly journals Foot length as a screening tool for identification of preterm babies: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Ananya S. L. Tenali ◽  
Ravi Kumar Tenali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Length

Background: India is one of the countries with the highest neonatal mortality, for which preterm birth is considered as major cause (43.7%). Therefore, early identification by a simple screening tool is important for prognostication and follow-up of new-born infants, especially preterm.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 live newborns at Saveetha Hospital in Kanchipuram. Anthropometric measures such as birth weight, crown-heel length, head circumference, foot length were taken within 3 days of life and gestational age assessment was done by new Ballard scoring after calculation by Naegles formula. Neonates were grouped into preterm, term and post-term and also small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Minimum to maximum range of variables in each gestational range was calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of each variable was found using receiver operating curve. Parameter having the highest sensitivity and good specificity was considered as potential screening tool to identify high risk babies. SPSS Software version 17 for windows was used.Results: The range of gestational age, length, foot length, birth weight and head circumference was 28-42 weeks, 35-53 cm, 5-8.8 cm, 0.8-4.7 kg and 22.8-54.3 cm respectively. Among all, maximum sensitivity at 37weeks gestational age was seen with foot length (80.57%) at a cut-off of 7.58 cm. A nomogram of foot length for each gestational age group (range of 2 weeks) was also derived.Conclusions: It can be concluded that foot length has the potential to be considered as a screening tool to identify preterm neonates especially at a concentrated community level and is particularly useful in resource constraint countries.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemia in preterm babies Incidence and risk factors

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Asril Aminullah ◽  
Dita Setiati ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Meconium Staining

Hypoglycemia is one of the most common problems in neonates, especially in preterm babies. Although in themajority of cases the outcome is good, symptomatic or asymptomatic hypoglycemia may give significant complications thatmay cause death or developmental delay later in life. We conducted a cross sectional study from September 5, 1999 throughMay 8, 2000 to identify factors associated with hypoglycemia in preterm babies treated at the Division of Perinatology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. There were 112 babies included in the study, with the mean gestational age of 33.3 (range22 to 37, SD 4.2) weeks, and mean birth weight of 1801 (range 850 to 2440, SD 420) grams. Twenty-seven of the 112 infantsshowed hypoglycemia. Univariate analysis disclosed that birth weight, degree of perinatal asphyxia, small for gestational age(SGA), presence of respiratory distress syndrome, mothers with preeclampsia or eclampsia, and mothers who had intravenousinfusion of glucose during labor were significantly associated with hypoglycemia in preterm babies. Gestational age,meconium staining, or infant of diabetic mother were not significantly associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. On logisticregression analysis to control confounders we found that only the degree of perinatal asphyxia and small for gestational agewere associated with hypoglycemia in those preterm babies.

scholarly journals Electromyography of muscles involved in feeding premature infants

CoDAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Dantas Martins ◽  
Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan ◽  
Andréa Rodrigues Motta ◽  
Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada Viana
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cup Feeding ◽  
Masseter Muscles

PURPOSE: To measure and compare the electrical activity of masseter, temporal, and suprahyoid muscles in premature newborn infants during breast-feeding and cup-feeding.METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out by the electromyographic assessment of 36 preterm infants, 53% of whom were male, with mean gestational age of 32 weeks and birth weight of 1,719 g, fed via oral route, by full breast-feeding and supplementation of diet, through cup with expressed breast milk, until 15 days after hospital discharge. Children with neurological disorders, genetic syndromes, oral-motor, and/or congenital malformations were excluded. The different methods of feeding and the variables gestational age at birth, corrected gestational age, chronological age, birth weight and size, head circumference, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were analyzed and compared by appropriate statistical analysis.RESULTS: No difference was observed between breast-feeding and cup-feeding in the analysis of the temporal and masseter muscles. However, higher activity of suprahyoid musculature was observed during cup-feeding (p=0.001). The other variables were not correlated with the electrical activity of the muscles during the different feeding methods.CONCLUSION: There may be a balance between the activity of the temporal and masseter muscles during breast-feeding and cup-feeding. There was higher activity of suprahyoid musculature during cup-feeding. This can be explained by the greater range of tongue movement, as premature infants usually perform tongue protrusion to get the milk from the cup.

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