Association of foot length and gestational maturity in neonates: a single centre study

Background: As the prematurity is one of the important causes of neonatal mortality/ morbidity in a developing country like India. It is important to differentiate between preterm and term babies and timely refer them to higher centre. But it's difficult to assess the Gestation age (GA) in rural areas by existing methods like New Ballard score, and Antenatal ultrasound (due to lack of equipment and experienced person). So that shows the importance of the alternative, reliable, and easy to use method for identification of term, preterm and post-term babies. The present study carried out to find out the importance of Foot length in the assessment of GA.Methods: It is a hospital-based prospective observational study, 253 newborns were included in the study. The GA assessment was done by using New Ballard score. Foot length measured by using Digital sliding calliper and birth weight were recorded. Correlation of Fetal foot length with GA and birth weight was made by using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Among 253 neonates distribution of term, preterm, male and female were 65%, 35 %, 55%, 45% respectively. In this study positive Correlation between foot length and gestational age was found with the “r” value of 0.77. The study also showed a correlation between foot length and weight with the “r” value of 0.74.Conclusions: To conclude most of the newborn in our study have a good correlation of Foot length with gestational maturity and Birthweight. Derived equation from this study can be used as an alternative to New Ballard score in the estimation of gestational age in poor sources situations like in rural areas and also in emergencies by ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activist) & Anganwadi workers.

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A cross-sectional study on the correlation between postnatal foot length and various other anthropometric parameters along with the gestational age

Pediatric Review International Journal of Pediatric Research ◽

10.17511/ijpr.2020.i08.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 414-419

Author(s):

Dr. Abhinaya Arun Raj ◽

◽

Dr. K. Maheswari ◽

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Foot Length ◽

The Mean ◽

R Value

Introduction: This study was done to assess the utility of foot length in determining theanthropometric parameters of a newborn in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials andMethods: This cross-sectional study among 270 newborns were done at Sri Venkateswaraa medicalcollege hospital and research centre, from Nov 2018 to May 2020. All the healthy live newbornswere taken into the study and newborns with congenital lower limb anomalies were excluded.Results: The mean birth weight of the neonate 2.948+0.344 kg which ranged from 2.050 kg to3.750kg. The mean foot length, head circumference and chest circumference of the foot length was8.113+0.468 cm, 48.989+1.093 cm, 34.437+0.659 cm and 32.372+0.734 cm respectively. The footlength had a maximum correlation with birth weight (r-value=0.905) followed by gestational age (r-value=0.809), length (r-value=0.786), head circumference (r-value=0.719) and chest circumference(r-value=0.603). Conclusion: Foot length had a significant correlation with birth weight andgestational age of the neonates. Foot length also correlated significantly with other anthropometricvariables like length, head circumference and chest circumference.

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Postnatal foot length of newborn: its correlation with gestational maturity

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 1614

Author(s):

Srinivasa S. ◽

Anjum Aara C. A. ◽

Pavan Kumar Kalla

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Foot Length ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

R Value ◽

Preterm Newborns

Background: Neonatal death is one of the major contributors (50%) of Under-five child mortality and 70% of the infant mortality. The main causes of neonatal deaths are prematurity and low birth weight (LBW). This study was undertaken to assess newborn foot length and determine its usefulness in identifying LBW/Preterm Babies.Methods: This is a cross sectional hospital based study of 173 newborn babies, done in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru. All live newborn infants were included in the study. Newborn babies with lower limb congenital anomalies were excluded from the study.Results: Out of 173 newborn, 99 babies were male (57%) and 74 were female (43%). 122 (70.5%) were term and 51(29.5%) were preterm. 48 (38%) were SGA, 120 (69%) were AGA and 5 (3%) were LGA. Their gestational age ranged from 28 to 40 weeks. In this study positive Correlation between foot length and gestational age was found with the “r” value of 0.823. The study also showed a positive correlation between foot length and weight with the “r” value of 0.831.Conclusions: This study has a good correlation of Foot length with gestational maturity and birth weight. Foot length of 7.45cm can be used as a cut- off point for differentiating between term and preterm babies. Derived equation from this study can be used by ASHAs and Anganwadi workers for the estimation of gestational age in resource poor situations and refer the preterm newborns to higher centres for further management as early as possible to prevent long and short term complications of prematurity.

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Procalcitonin Clearance for Early Prediction of Survival in Critically Ill Patients with Severe Sepsis

Critical Care Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2014/819034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohd Basri Mat Nor ◽

Azrina Md Ralib

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Small Sample ◽

Sepsis Group ◽

Single Centre ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Prediction Of Survival ◽

Single Centre Study

Introduction. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) diagnosed sepsis in critically ill patients; however, its prediction for survival is not well established. We evaluated the prognostic value of dynamic changes of PCT in sepsis patients.Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted in adult ICU. Patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were recruited. Daily PCT were measured for 3 days. 48 h PCT clearance (PCTc-48) was defined as percentage of baseline PCT minus 48 h PCT over baseline PCT.Results. 95 SIRS patients were enrolled (67 sepsis and 28 noninfectious SIRS). 40% patients in the sepsis group died in hospital. Day 1-PCT was associated with diagnosis of sepsis (AUC 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.76)) but was not predictive of mortality. In sepsis patients, PCTc-48 was associated with prediction of survival (AUC 0.69 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.84)). Patients with PCTc-48 > 30% were independently associated with survival (HR 2.90 (95% CI 1.22 to 6.90)).Conclusions. PCTc-48 is associated with prediction of survival in critically ill patients with sepsis. This could assist clinicians in risk stratification; however, the small sample size, and a single-centre study, may limit the generalisability of the finding. This would benefit from replication in future multicentre study.

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Sex, Conception Interval, Gestational Age, Apgar Score, and Anthropometric Surrogates in relation to Birth Weight of Bangladeshi Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.1155/2013/405725 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bably Sabina Azhar ◽

Md. Monirujjaman ◽

Kazi Saiful Islam ◽

Sadia Afrin ◽

Md. Sabir Hossain

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Apgar Score ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infant Birth

In developing countries, where about 75% of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. Baby born with a weight less than 2,500 g is considered low birth weight, since below this value birth-specific infant mortality begins to rise rapidly. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of low birth weight is unacceptably high. Infant's sex differences, birth to conception interval, gestational age, and Apgar score are associated with infant birth weight. To screen low-birth-weight babies, simple anthropometric parameters can be used in rural areas where 80–90% of deliveries take place. A sample of 343 newborn singletons, 186 male and 157 female babies, were studied in Southwest region of Bangladesh to examine the birth weight status of newborns and to identify the relationship between birth weight and other anthropometric parameters of newborns. The mean birth weight was 2754.81±465.57 g, and 28.6% were low-birth-weight (<2,500 g) babies. All key anthropometric parameters of the newborns significantly correlated with infant birth weight (P=0.05). Mid upper arm circumference and chest circumference were identified as the optimal surrogate indicators of LBW babies. In the community where weighing of newborns is difficult, these measurements can be used to identify the LBW babies.

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Correlation of neonatal gestational age with foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1319

Author(s):

Ajay K. Keshwani ◽

Swati S. Suroshe

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Foot Length

Background: India contributes to one fifth of global live births and more than a quarter of neonatal deaths. A systematic analysis of global, regional and national causes of child mortality in 2013 identified preterm birth complications and infections to be the two major causes of neonatal deaths in India. So, there is need of a simple, easy to use and reliable screening tool for assessment of gestational age at peripheral level for early referral of a neonate to a tertiary care hospital, thereby reducing neonatal mortality.Methods: A hospital based observational cross-sectional study included 350 live new-borns within 48 hours of birth, from September 2018 to February 2019. Gestational age assessed by new ballard score, birth weight, foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance were noted. Babies categorised as per the gestational age profile as small, appropriate and large for gestational age using fenton charts. Data analysis done, correlation coefficient, and p value calculated to obtain results.Results: Out of 350 babies, males (185) outnumbered females (165); 154 were LBW, 89 VLBW and 76 were ELBW. AGA neonates were 193, and 157 belonged to SGA. There were no post-term and large for gestational age newborns. Both foot length and right nipple to umbilicus distance correlated well with gestational age in all age groups (p<0.001).Conclusions: Foot length as well as right nipple to umbilicus distance can be used as a reliable tool for assessment of gestational age and birth weight of newborns by any health care professional to identify and refer high risk neonate.

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Foot length as a surrogate maker to identify birth weight

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1926

Author(s):

Nitesh Upadhyay ◽

Minhajuddin Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Study Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Foot Length ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Aim was to determine the correlation of foot length with birth weight and gestational age in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the neonatal unit department of pediatrics in Chirayu medical college and hospital, Bhopal. There were 1739 deliveries included during the study period from January 2016 to December 2020. Study group comprised of all live born babies delivered in within 24 hours of birth who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Results: The study comprised of 1739 newborn babies, out of which 896 (51.51%) were males and 843 (48.49%) were females. Male:female ratio 1.06:1. In our study group, 337 (15.6%) babies were preterm and 1385 (84.39%) were of term gestation. We found a positive linear correlation of foot length with all birth weight groups in a newborn with a correlation coefficient (r=0.78) and p<0.001 was found. Similarly, a positive correlation of foot length and gestational age of newborn in both term and preterm babies with (r=0.83) with p<0.01. Foot length has 87.4% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity among low-birth-weight babies with respect to cut off foot length of 75.5 mm. Foot length has 78.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity among preterm babies.Conclusions: Foot length can be used as a screening tool to identify low birth weight (LBW) and preterm babies as it had a higher sensitivity and specificity.

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Analysis of retinopathy of prematurity screening in Tianjin, China

International Eye Research ◽

10.18240/ier.2020.03.07 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 173-178

Author(s):

Mei Han ◽

◽

Jun Zheng ◽

Quan-Hong Han ◽

Li Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Pulmonary Surfactant ◽

Demographic Information ◽

Oxygen Supplementation ◽

Gestation Age ◽

Multicenter Retrospective Review ◽

The Impact

AIM: To analyze the findings of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam in Tianjin, and study the impact of pulmonary surfactant Curosurf and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in ROP. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review. 2894 preterm infants (1592 males, 1302 females) from several hospitals in Tianjin were screened from January 2009 to December 2013. Demographic information, ophthalmic outcomes and possible systemic risk factors were recorded. Gestation age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation, Curosurf and NCPAP were used to estimate risk factors for ROP. RESULTS: ROP was found in 448 eyes of 224 patients (7.7%). Among which, severe ROP developed in 98 eyes of 49 patients (21.9%). There was significant statistical difference in RDS, NCPAP, and Curosurf usage between control and ROP groups (P=0.000). Multiple logistic regression analyses of ROP indicated that lower birth weight, younger gestational age, and oxygen supplementation were the risk factors leading to ROP. As the usage rate of Curosurf and NCPAP increased year by year, the usage of oxygen supplementation gradually decreased, the incidence of ROP was also on the decline. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, young gestational age and oxygen supplementation are associated with ROP. The use of Curosurf and NCPAP may be the factor that reduces the occurrence of ROP.

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Single-centre prospective observational study on postdelivery room care

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000602

Author(s):

Frederike Vivien Hartmann ◽

Gerd Bauerschmitz ◽

Helmut Küster

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Observational Study ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Total Duration ◽

Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽

Single Centre ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome

ObjectivesAs quality of care in the delivery room has major impact on outcome of preterm infants, multiple guidelines have been established in recent years. There is, however, little evidence on how to proceed during postdelivery room care, the time of transfer and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this study was to identify processes taking place during this period with potential impact on outcome.Study designProspective observational study.SettingSingle-centre German tertiary NICU.Patients40 inborn preterm infants undergoing postdelivery room care.Main outcomePrevalence of prolonged duration of postdelivery room care, disconnections from the ventilator and positioning of preterm infants.ResultsTotal duration of postdelivery room care and NICU admission procedures were shorter in infants transferred in a transport incubator compared with using a NICU care station from birth. Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants spend 8% of the time in prone position in contrast to 39% in non-ELBW. Total duration of disconnection from the ventilator was 50 s and was ten times longer in infants who had nasal CPAP compared with infants intratracheally intubated. Infants with nCPAP had longer duration of disconnection from the ventilator if body weight was >1000 g or if they were transferred in a transport incubator.ConclusionsMultiple parameters like birth weight or type of transport affect neonatal care during the postdelivery room period. Prospective studies are needed to identify and optimise parameters within this period that affect long-term outcome.

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Iron status in late pregnancy is inversely associated with birth weight in Colombia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002100166x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Alejandra Puerto ◽

Annabelle Trojan ◽

Nelson Rafael Alvis-Zakzuk ◽

Rossana López-Saleme ◽

Francisco Edna-Estrada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Iron Status ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Birth Cohort Study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Gestational Anaemia (GA) is common in developing countries. This study assessed the relationship of late GA and negative perinatal outcomes in participants recruited in a reference maternity unit of the Caribbean region of Colombia. DESIGN: Prospective analytical birth cohort study. Maternal haemoglobin and serum ferritin (SF) levels were measured. GA was defined as haemoglobin levels <11 g/dL, SF depletion as SF levels <12 ng/mL. Birth outcomes such as low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PB) and small for gestational age (SGA) were examined. SETTING: Mothers in the first stage of labour, living in urban or rural areas of Bolívar, were enrolled in an obstetrical centre located in Cartagena, Colombia. Blood and stool samples were taken prior delivery. Maternal blood count, SF levels and infant anthropometric data were recorded for analysis. PARTICIPANTS: 1,218 pregnant women aged 18 - 42 years-old and their newborns. RESULTS: Prevalence of GA and SF depletion was 41.6% and 41.1%, respectively. GA was positively associated with poverty-related sociodemographic conditions. Prenatal care attendance lowered the risk of PB, LBW and SGA. Birth weight was inversely associated with haemoglobin levels, observing a -36.8 g decrease in newborn weight per 1 g/dl of maternal haemoglobin. SF depletion, but not anaemia was associated with PB. Small for gestational age (SGA) outcome showed a significant association with anaemia, but not a significant relationship with SF depletion. CONCLUSION: Birth weight and other-related perinatal outcomes are negatively associated to haemoglobin and SF depletion. Prenatal care attendance reduced the risk of negative birth outcomes.

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Neonatal mid upper arm circumference as surrogate of birth weight

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Ankit Agrawal ◽

Ajay Gaur ◽

Ravi Ambey

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Medical College ◽

Primary Health ◽

Pearson Coefficient ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

The Mean ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Background: Recording an accurate birth weight by primary health worker has been a problem in rural areas, leading to search for an alternative, inexpensive, age independent and noninvasive method to predict newborn birth weight and wellbeing. With this background I aimed to found out whether the neonatal-MUAC is associated with birth weight or not?Methods: This hospital based prospective observational study was conducted in SNCU and postnatal ward, Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R. Medical College, and Gwalior (M.P). A total of 1303 newborns were included in the study. The Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of newborns were taken and Birth weight recorded were filled in a proforma.Results: Total 1303 neonates were evaluated. The mean MUAC and birth weight in preterm was found to be 1854.80±387.3 and 7.47±0.9 as compared to full term newborn having mean birth weight(2818.95±328.1) and mean MUAC (9.58+0.7).The Pearson coefficient of correlation between neonatal MUAC (N-MUAC) and birth weight was found to be r= 0.987 and p<0.01. Birth weight can be predicted from regression equation: Birth weight (gms)=422.99 (N-MUAC) + (-1272.66). Cut-off value of neonatal mid upper arm circumference (N-MUAC) was found to be 8.85cm to predict low birth weight newborn.Conclusions: Birth weight of newborn can be predicted from neonatal mid upper arm circumference (N-MUAC) in areas where the conventional scale are not easily available for measuring the birth weight of newborn.

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