scholarly journals Anaemia in under five children attending a tertiary hospital in central Kerala: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Jessie Jose ◽  
Riya Lukose ◽  
Thekkumpat S. Athira
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Anaemia is the most common nutritional problem in the world with significant impact on the neurological and cognitive development of young, growing children. India has a high prevalence of anaemia among its under-five children. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia in children in the age group 6 months to 5 years.Methods: A hospital based descriptive study was done on 51 children attending the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital. They were evaluated by obtaining a detailed history, physical examination and haemoglobin and serum ferritin estimation.Results: The prevalence of anaemia in the present study was 41.2%. 13 (25.5%) had mild anaemia, 8 (15.7%) had moderate anaemia and none had severe anaemia. Iron deficiency anaemia was present in 17 out of 21 children (81%) with anaemia (p<0.00001). There were significant associations between haemoglobin levels and age (p=0.049) and nutritional status (moderate acute malnutrition) (p=0.034) of the children in the study.Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia in children under 5 years in Kerala, which has performed well in other health quality indicators, remains high. A multimodal strategy to address this public health problem is required.

scholarly journals Risk factors for iron-deficiency anaemia among pregnant women living in rural Vietnam

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Aikawa ◽  
Ngyen C Khan ◽  
Satoshi Sasaki ◽  
Colin W Binns
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Hb Concentration

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam and to determine its risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingVietnam, Nghe An Province.Study populationThe total number of participants was 439. Of these participants, one was excluded from the study due to a mental disorder. Forty-seven did not participate in the test for parasites and 68 did not complete at least one of the questions.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin (Hb) < 11.0 g dl−1) was 43.2% and of severe anaemia (Hb < 8.0 g dl−1) was 0.5%. Taking iron tablets, the consumption of eggs and the preference for Western medicine significantly and positively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women in a multiple regression analysis. Pregnancy duration and hookworm infestation significantly and negatively correlated with Hb concentration in the pregnant women.ConclusionThe prevalence of anaemia in rural Vietnam has remained as high as that found in the national anaemia survey in 2000. The results of the present study could aid in the development of an iron-deficiency anaemia programme among pregnant women in rural Vietnam that emphasises iron supplementation, parasite control and improved diet, including the consumption of eggs. The programme's focus should be on women who prefer traditional medicine to Western medicine.

scholarly journals Burden of Helicobacter pylori Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Cases of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Hadir M. El- Kady ◽  
Waiel Al- Kahiry ◽  
Hadeel Said Tawfik Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
H Pylori

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a worldwide nutritional problem; it accounts for about half of the world’s anaemia burden. Globally, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is becoming an increasingly troublesome economic and public health problem. The colonization of the organism in gastric mucosa may impair iron uptake and increase iron loss, potentially leading to iron deficiency anaemia. The mechanisms by which H. pylori is postulated to cause IDA are H. pylori -associated chronic gastritis resulting in hypo/or achlorhydria, reduced ascorbic acid secretion and reduced intestinal iron absorption, occult blood loss due to chronic erosive gastritis, and sequestration and utilization of iron by Helicobacter pylori. Aims: To detect H. pylori–related IDA prevalence among asymptomatic cases of anaemia and to address the possibility that such infection may play a detrimental role in their blood picture, serum iron and ferritin levels and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) Study Design & Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from December 2018 to May 2019. Screening was done for asymptomatic attendants of a   number of private laboratories in Beheira, Alexandria and Gharbiya governorates. Three hundreds of whom were proved to be cases of IDA and were further tested for H. pylori antigen in stool. Results: Helicobacter pylori Ag test in stool was positive in 180 out of 300 cases of iron deficiency anaemia. The infection significantly affected the haemoglobin level, MCV, MCH and RDW in studied cases (p<0.05). Infection with H. pylori also significantly affected the serum iron, serum ferritin and TIBC in the studied cases of IDA (p<0.05). Conclusion: A significant association between H. pylori infection and IDA. Screening for H. pylori among unexplained cases of IDA is recommended.

scholarly journals Haematological Profile in Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Raju Kafle ◽  
Anupama Bastola ◽  
Ashok P Samdurkar ◽  
Narayan Gautam ◽  
Anuj Poudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Hypochromic Anaemia ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Rbc Count

INTRODUCTION: The most common disorders presenting with microcytic hypochromic anaemia are iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and β-Thalassemia trait (β-TT), and each of them has different pathogenesis and treatment modality. Here we intend to see the haematological profile in microcytic hypochromic anaemia in children apart from IDA and Thalassemia with respect to age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 95 pediatric patients between the ages of 2 to 12 years with microcytic hypochromic anaemia were included in the study. Blood samples obtained from each patient were evaluated for various haematological and biochemical profiles along with haemoglobin electrophoresis. It was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study done for a period of 18 months from January 2019 to July 2020. RESULTS: Severe anaemia was seen in 55 (57.89%) cases, followed by 38 (40.00%) cases with moderate anaemia and 2 (2.11%) cases with mild anaemia. Majority of the cases showed IDA, which were 85 (89.5%) cases, followed by 6 (6.3%) cases with β-TT and 4 (4.2%) cases with β-TM. RBC count, hematocrit and RDW showed significant variation between IDA, β-TM and β-TT. Most number of correctly diagnosed cases were shown by Ricerca Index with 90 (94.74 %). CONCLUSION: Our study concludes RBC count and RDW, along with Srivasthava Index, Ricerca Index and RDW Index could be used as reliable indices to differentiate between iron deficiency anaemia and β-Thalassemia. Red cell indices, serum iron profile and haemoglobin electrophoresis complement each other for the precise diagnosis of underlying cause of microcytic hypochromic anaemia.

scholarly journals Systematic review to investigate the safety of induction and augmentation of labour among pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e021793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Bunch ◽  
Nia Roberts ◽  
Marian Knight ◽  
Manisha Nair
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to investigate the safety of induction and/or augmentation of labour compared with spontaneous-onset normal labour among pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia.DesignSystematic review.SettingStudies from all countries, worldwide.PopulationPregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia at labour and delivery.InterventionAny intervention related to induction and/or augmentation of labour.Outcome measuresPrimary: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), heart failure and maternal death. Secondary: Emergency caesarean section, hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit.MethodWe searched 10 databases, including Medline and Embase, from database inception to 1 October 2018. We included all study designs except cross-sectional studies without a comparator group, case reports, case series, ecological studies, and expert opinion. The searches were conducted by a healthcare librarian and two authors independently screened and reviewed the studies. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approachto ascertain risk of bias and conducted a narrative synthesis.ResultsWe identified 3217 journal articles, 223 conference papers, 45 dissertations and 218 registered trials. Ten articles were included for full-text review and only one was found to fulfil the eligibility criteria. This was a retrospective cohort study from India, which showed that pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia could have an increased risk of PPH if they underwent induction and/or augmentation of labour, but the evidence was weak (graded as ‘high risk of bias’).ConclusionThe best approach is to prevent anaemia, but a large number of women in low-to-middle-income countries present with severe anaemia during labour. In such women, appropriate peripartum management could prevent complications and death. Our review showed that at present we do not know if induction and augmentation of labour is safe in pregnant women with iron-deficiency anaemia and further research is required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015032421.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency anaemia-an old enemy

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Anaemia has remained a widespread public health problem in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Prevalence figures vary from a low of 17% to a high of over 70% among preschool children; from 14% to 42% among adolescents and from 11% to over 40% among women of childbearing age. Although the prevalence of anaemia has often been used as a proxy indicator for iron deficiency anaemia, this approach is not valid in settings where the etiology of anaemia is complex or unknown or where other micronutrient deficiencies of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A can co-exist. An integrated, multifactorial and multisectoral approach has to be adopted comprising targeted interventions to provide iron supplements to especially vulnerable segments of the population, in particular pregnant women; food-based approaches to increase iron intake through food fortification and dietary diversification; and other measures combined with iron interventions where other causes of anaemia are prevalent

scholarly journals Low prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among Inuit preschool children: Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey, 2007–2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pacey ◽  
Hope Weiler ◽  
Grace M Egeland
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Low Prevalence

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence rates and correlates for anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) among Inuit preschool-aged children.DesignA cross-sectional study assessed iron intake, demographic information, medical history, anthropometrics, Hb, ferritin, C-reactive protein and antibodies toHelicobacter pylori.SettingSixteen selected Inuit communities in Nunavut Territory, Canada.SubjectsInuit (n388) aged 3–5 years randomly recruited from communities.ResultsAnaemia (3–4 years: Hb < 110 g/l; 5 years: Hb < 115 g/l) was prevalent in 16·8 % of children. The prevalence of ID (ferritin < 12 μg/l) was 18·0 % and that of IDA was 5·4 %. When ID was defined as ferritin <10 μg/l, 10·8 % of children were iron deficient and 3·3 % had IDA. In multiple logistic regression, boys were more likely to be iron deficient (OR = 2·28, 95 % CI 1·17, 8·25), but no other risk factor emerged for ID. Three- to 4-year-olds were less likely than 5-year-olds to have anaemia from causes other than ID (OR = 0·11, 95 % CI 0·08, 0·58). Anaemia from other causes was more common among children residing in crowded homes (OR = 2·30, 95 % CI 1·37, 12·31) and those treated for past-year ear infection (OR = 1·35, 95 % CI 1·05, 7·21).ConclusionsThe low prevalence of ID and IDA is encouraging, but efforts are still needed to reduce rates as they continue to be higher than general population rates. Household crowding and infections may contribute to anaemia and warrant further research.

scholarly journals Addressing Female Iron-Deficiency Anaemia in India: Is Vegetarianism the Major Obstacle?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rammohan ◽  
Niyi Awofeso ◽  
Marie-Claire Robitaille
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia

Objectives. We examined the influence of vegetarian diet on the risk of developing anaemia among Indian women and suggest initiatives for addressing diet-related iron-deficiency anaemia. Methods. We analysed data on diet, social class, and haemoglobin levels from the nationally representative Indian National Family and Health Survey 2005/06 for a sample of 81,301 women aged 15–49 years using logistic regression models. Results. After controlling for individual-level factors and household level socioeconomic characteristics, daily consumption of meat, fish, and eggs was associated with lower odds of being moderately or severely anaemic. Our analysis also revealed that economic characteristics such as being from higher wealth quintiles, being in paid employment, and rural residence reduced the odds of having iron-deficiency anaemia among Indian women. Discussion. As a large proportion of Indians subsist on iron-poor vegetarian diets for religious, economic, and cultural reasons, large-scale iron supplementation and fortification of commonly consumed vegetarian foodstuffs constitute a feasible, culturally appropriate, and cost-effective strategy for addressing this major public health problem. Consumption of cheap iron-rich foodstuffs should be promoted. Effective poverty alleviation and hookworm prevention programs are also important. Large-scale cohort and intervention studies are urgently required to further define the influence of vegetarianism on iron deficiency anaemia in India.

scholarly journals The prevalence of anaemia and morbidity profile among school going adolescent girls of urban Kathmandu, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (136) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalapana Tiwari ◽  
S Seshadri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Reported Health

A perusal of the literature on anaemia prevalence in Nepal from 1975 onwards highlightedtwo points: anaemia prevalence is high particularly among women and childrenand that adolescent girls as a group have not been studied much, in fact, theadolescent period is one of the critical periods for anaemia. The present studyassessed prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and morbidity problems of adolescentgirl. The results highlighted anaemia as a public health problem in girls and its prevalencewas found to be higher in Brahmins girls as compared to Newars and Chhetries.Eighty-two percent of the girls reported health problems such as aches and pains inthe body, infectious morbidities, and weakness and breathlessness. Thus, this femalepopulation groups needs to be paid special attention for health promoting interventionprogram.Key words: Anaemia, morbidity, adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp, Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246895
Author(s):  
Abdulmuneim Ahmed ◽  
Kebadnew Mulatu ◽  
Berhanu Elfu
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background Under-five year children are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria, they accounted for 61% of all malaria deaths worldwide. Sherkole refugee camp is stratified under high risk for malaria. Knowledge on malaria prevalence and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp is lacking. Methods and materials Institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp from October to November 2019. Total sample size was 356. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Care StartTM Malaria Rapid diagnostic test which detect histidine-rich protein 2 of P. falciparum and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase of P. vivax was used to diagnose malaria. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with malaria. Results A total of 356 participants were included in this study with response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence malaria was 3.9% (95% CI = 2.0–6.2). Outdoor stay at night (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.14–13.8), stagnant water near to house (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.14–14.6), and the number of under-five children per household (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.03–13.0) were found to increase the odds of getting malaria. Whereas, insecticide treated net (ITN)utilization (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.61) and Health information about malaria (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.06–0.65) reduce the odds of getting malaria. Conclusions and recommendations Malaria remains the major public health problem in Sherkole Refugee camp. Outdoor stay at night, stagnant water near to house, and number of under-five children per household were the risk factors for malaria. Health information dissemination that focuses on avoiding outdoor stay at night, eliminating stagnant water & using ITN, and considering number of under-five children per household during ITN distribution should be take into account.

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