scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetes mellitus and its complications in T2DM patients attending the UHC in Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793
Author(s):  
Rufiat Nasiruddin Kazi ◽  
Mangala M. Bote ◽  
Kedar J. Raikar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Urban Health Centre ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has become a major public health problem in India and also the major cause of disability through complications such as blindness, renal failure, lower limb gangrene etc. People suffering from Diabetes related complications are many times unaware about the measures to curb the onset of the complications. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetes and its complications in the diabetic patientsMethods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at an Urban Health Centre attached to the parent medical college in Mumbai. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the 116 participants who were registered at the non-communicable disease (NCD) OPD were assessed via a pre-designed, pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: SPSS version 20.Results: Majority belonged the age groups of 40-60 years (69%), 63.8% were women, 91.4% were married and 44.4% were illiterate. 13.8% of the respondents had correct knowledge about the causes of diabetes and 62.9% could correctly identify the symptoms of diabetes. Knowledge regarding the complications in diabetics was found to be quite low with only 52.6% correctly identifying one or more complications. The most commonly known complication was neuropathy (83.6%) followed by nephropathy (57.3%). The attitude of the patients with respect to screening of complications was found to be poor and the same reflected in their practicesConclusions: There is a lack of understanding of the basics of the disease, its prevention as well as prevention of complications in those suffering from the disease. 

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of type-2 diabetes mellitus in an adopted urban slum area

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4522
Author(s):  
Vishwanath G. R. ◽  
Tejaswini V. Sangrulkar ◽  
Shrarma S. K. ◽  
Praveen Patil
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally and there is evidence that it is a epidemic in many developing and developed countries, thus posing a serious threat to be met within the 21st century. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease once thought to be uncommon in the developing countries, has emerged as one of the public health problem. Therefore, establishing the predominant risk factors and the distribution of these in a given population are of high importance for designing and implementing targeted interventions to halt and reverse the future prospects. Since the factors responsible for diabetes had not so far received much attention, it is aimed to show epidemiological profile of the disease in general and keeping this in mind this study has taken.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out upon adults aged more than 30 years in the adopted community of Urban Health centre of Community Medicine Department, Government Medical College, Miraj (1st January-31st December, 2015).Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 21.7%, out of this (12.3%) were known diabetic and (9.4%) were new diabetic cases among study. A very highly significant association was observed between diabetes and Habits. The association between diabetes and BMI was very highly significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Very highly significant association was found between age, family history, personal history, body mass index, waist circumference, waist: hip circumference and diabetic status. 

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices of Ramadan fasting on health and disease among pregnant Muslim women in urban health centre of a medical college

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Muhammed Muntazeem G. ◽  
Varadaraja Rao B. A. ◽  
Mane Kusum S.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan entails abstinence from food, water, smoking and drugs from dawn to sunset. In Islamic religious rule fasting during Ramadan is not mandatory if there is any contraindication such as illness, old age, pregnancy, etc. Many studies have shown that most Muslim women choose to fast during pregnancy because of a sense of religious duty, familial support, positive views on fasting and difficulty in completing the missed fasts at another time.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 124 pregnant Muslim women attending urban health centre for antenatal care during the month of Ramadan at Davanagere city. Data was entered in the Microsoft Excel and presented in the form of frequencies.Results: In this study majority of pregnant women believed that fasting during pregnancy is harmful to mother as well as child. Overall, 80.6% of pregnant women did not observed fasting during pregnancy.Conclusions: In this study majority of the pregnant women did not observed fasting during the month of Ramadan. Health education should be given to all pregnant women and family members regarding adverse effect of fasting on mother and child health.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding various tobacco products and their effects on health and COTPA act among ≥15 years age group persons in urban field practice area of a medical college in Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Almost All

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem. The prevalence of tobacco use among men has been reported to be high (generally exceeding 50%) from almost all parts of India. “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act 2003”, which came into effect since 1st May 2004. Information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of population regarding COTPA is necessary to effectively implement the legislation. Hence the present study was undertaken.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional community-based survey carried out in urban slums of Nalgonda town. Data was collected using a structured schedule by interviewing 300 participants, aged above 15 years.Results: The current use of any tobacco was reported by 45.7% of the participants. Overall awareness of COTPA was 58.2%. Marital status, type of family, unemployment, Illiterates, lower SES, and age had a significant influence on tobacco use. Television (77.05%) was the major source of awareness regarding COTPA. The majority of smokers were aware of various sections of COTPA (>50%). About 34.8% of the participants had a favorable attitude towards COTPA. The positive attitude was more (53.7%) towards the display of health warnings on tobacco products among smokers. 11.2% had paid penalty for violation of the act and 32.4% have noticed a reduction in their habit to some extent.Conclusions: A concerted effort has to be made to increase the awareness of the act amongst the vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Chet Kant Bhusal ◽  
Binjwala Shrestha ◽  
Kiran Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women of reproductive age group in an urban slum of Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushali R. Lilare ◽  
Durgesh Prasad Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rich Food

Background: Anaemia is a major public health problem affecting children, adolescent, women of reproductive age groups and lactating mothers worldwide. As per NFHS-IV data, prevalence of anaemia in India is 53%. This study was done to assess the prevalence of anaemia and its epidemiological correlates among women in reproductive age groups in an urban slum of Mumbai. Methods: This community based cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum in Mumbai. Total 315 women in the reproductive age groups (15-49 years) were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling from various sectors. All respondents were interviewed and haemoglobin estimation was done with Sahli’s method. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and chi-square test was used to find out the association between two qualitative variables. Results: The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anaemia was 37.1%, 9.5% and 2.9% respectively. The factors associated with anaemia were education (p value=0.0001), socio-economic status (p value=0.001), consumption of iron rich food (p value=0.0001) and interval between two successive pregnancy in years (p value=0.0001). Conclusions: The findings of the present study revealed that education, socioeconomic status, consumption of iron rich food, interval between successive pregnancies affect the overall blood haemoglobin level on a long run. Community awareness regarding education and schooling of girls will help to increase the education level of women and would indirectly help to increase the health awareness and decrease the prevalence of anaemia. 

scholarly journals Epidemiology of injuries and its impact among elderly: a descriptive community based cross-sectional study from central rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4485
Author(s):  
Shriram V. Gosavi ◽  
Anil R. Koparkar ◽  
Supriya A. Giri ◽  
Komal D. More
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: This study was to enlighten the prevalence, different types & impact of injuries in elderly population in rural area of middle income country (India).Methods: It was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in all 24 villages under one Primary Health Centre of central India. The study was carried out from June 2009 to May 2011.Results: In the present study, prevalence of injury was 17.1%, which was highest among elderly ageing 65-69 years (36.8%) followed by elderly ageing 60-64 years (27.4%). Prevalence of injury was higher (20%) among males as compared to females (14%). Association of age, gender and injury was not statistically significant. Fall was the most common cause (34.7%) of injury followed by occupational (34.0%) and road traffic accidents (15.8%). Superficial injuries were the most common (32.6%) type of injuries followed by fracture (27.3%). Hospital admission required by 24.2% of elderly. We found 34.7% elderly was physically impaired and 26.3% physically disabled due to various injuries.Conclusions: In the present study we found injuries pose a major public health problem in elderly. Therefore there is a need of community based assessment on impact of injury among elderly in various parts of country to formulate appropriate health initiatives for prevention and optimum treatment of injuries in elderly.

scholarly journals To assess the prevalence of STI/RTI using syndromic case management in the urban health centre area of greater Visakhapatnam municipal corporation, Andhra Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Srinivas Rao Ganta ◽  
K. K. L. Prasad ◽  
P. J. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Health ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urban Health Centre

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a major public health problem in many parts of the world. 340 million new cases of curable STIS occur every year. 75 to 85% are seen in developing countries and rank second as the cause of healthy life lost among women of reproductive age group, after maternal morbidity and mortality. Methods: The study was conducted at Rama Murthy Pantulu Peta in the field area of urban health centre of greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, Visakhapatnam during September 2015 to October 2016. The study design was a community based descriptive study. Based on the prevalence of STI as stated by National AIDS Control Organization, a sample of 1541 is calculated.Results: The overall prevalence of RTI/STI in our study is 18.88%. The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of STI/RTI among female respondents is found to be 27.97%. Majority of females complained of vaginal discharge (26.68%),vulvas itching (10%), lower abdominal pain (6.34%) followed by abnormal vaginal bleeding (5.91%).The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of RTI/STI is found to be 9.75% among male respondents and majority complained of Urethral Discharge (8.4%) followed by inguinal/scrotal swelling (5.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of Reproductive tract infections is more in females when compared to males in our study. Health education regarding the sexual and personal hygiene should be targeted to both males and females so as to decrease the prevalence of Sexual transmitted diseases in the urban health centre areas of Visakhapatnam. 

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Hira Ejaz ◽  
Nirmal Walicha ◽  
Saba Rizwan ◽  
Sadaf Javeria ◽  
Sana Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objectives of the study were to determine the determinants of nutritional status of under 5 years children in our population. Materials & Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Public Health, Islamabad, Federal College, Islamabad, from November 2016 to March 2017. Sample size was 200 selected by convenient sampling. Demographic variables were sex, age-groups, socio-economics status, family structure. Research variable was nutritional status. The data collection was done in urban slums of Islamabad on a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 children, 117(58.5%) were boys and 83(41.5 %) were girls. One hundred (50%) children were of 6 to 24 months and 100(50%) were of 25 to 59 months of age. Eighty three (41.5%) were rich and 117(58.5%) were poor. One hundred and fifty eight (79%) children were from joint family system and 42(21%) were living in nuclear family system were children. One hundred and fifty one (75.50%) were normal, 39(19.50%) were mild and 10(5%) were having severe malnutrition. Conclusion: Except age all the other factors including sex, socio-economics status and family structure were associated with nutritional status of under 5 year children.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Moshi Municipal Council, Kilimanjaro Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Mabula ◽  
Kelly I. Kazinyingi ◽  
Edwin Christian Chavala ◽  
Victor Mosha ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
Tb Treatment

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a worldwide public health problem and its prevalence has been rising rapidly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) including Tanzania. According to WHO report 2015, DM is ranked number six as a leading cause of death worldwide. Strong evidence suggests that DM may be associated with Tuberculosis (TB) and could affect TB treatment outcomes. Tanzania is among the 22 countries that have a high burden of TB and currently facing increased epidemic of DM. The increasing diabetes prevalence may be a threat to TB control and counteract strategies to end TB by 2030 as proposed by WHO. Objective: To determine proportion of TB patients who are co-infected with DM in Moshi municipal council, Kilimanjaro Tanzania. Methodology: This study was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in April to July 2018 at 4 health facilities; Mawenzi Regional Referral hospital, St. Joseph District Designated hospital, Pasua Health center and Majengo Health centre in Moshi municipal. The study included adults aged 18 years and above attending either of the 4 health facilities for TB care. The study included newly diagnosed and those who were on TB treatment. Interviews were conducted followed by blood glucose testing. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS Results: A total of 153 TB patients were enrolled, their mean age was 42.5 (±14.75) years and 46 (30.1%) were females. The prevalence of DM among TB patients in this study was 9.2%. Factors associated with TB-DM comorbidity were: age (OR 4.43, 95% CI: 1.18-16.55), HIV status (OR 3.88, 95% CI: 1.06-14.11), and family history of DM (OR 6.50, 95% CI 0.67-25.56). Conclusion: One in ten patients with TB had confirmed DM. There is a need for future studies to assess if DM influences TB treatment and outcomes in this setting.

scholarly journals Renal Function Evaluation of Hypertensive Patients by Renogram in a Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Jayanta Kumar Saha ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
Mohammed Shahadat Hossain ◽  
ATM Ataur Rahman ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical College

Arterial Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The aim of the study was to assess renal involvement in hypertensive patient by renogram, which is not detected by conventional biochemical test. This was a cross sectional observational study. Consecutive 30 hypertensive patients admitted in the medicine wards from March, 2006 to April, 2007 in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh were taken as case. Informed consent was taken from all the study patients or from their attendants. Detail history was taken from each patient or from their attendants' then clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Emphasis was laid to find out renal involvement in long standing hypertensive patients by renogram. After initial selection; laboratory investigations like Urine for R/M/E, Blood Sugar 2ABF, S. Creatinine, USG of KUB, ECG and Hb% were done for every patients. All patients included in this study renogram were done. Majority of the patient (40%) were between the age of 41-50 years and Male: Female ratio was 3:2. Most of the patient lead a moderately active life (66.67%). Serum Creatinine was raised in 23.33% patient whereas renal parenchymal insufficiency evidenced by renogram was found in 50% case. In this study, we found that a significant number of cases (26.67%) having renal parenchymal insufficiency were not detected by S. Creatinine level, but detected by renogram. Renogram is superior to conventional biochemical renal function test for early detection of hypertensive nephropathy.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2016;11(1): 11-14

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