scholarly journals Compliance to antihypertensive medication: a cross-sectional study in Aligarh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariyam Khwaja ◽  
M. Athar Ansari ◽  
Saira Mehnaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is a global public health issue. Hypertensive heart disease is one of the top ten leading causes of death in the world. It was responsible for an estimated 1.1 million deaths worldwide in 2012. To prevent some of the complications of hypertension regular intake of the prescribed treatment in the form of medicines (pills) is essential. Poor compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy is usually associated with bad outcome of the disease and wastage of limited health care resources. With these viewpoints the study aimed to assess the level of compliance of hypertensive patients to their anti-hypertensive medications and to determine the socio-demographic correlates of compliance. Methods: This was community based cross sectional study conducted in urban and rural areas in Aligarh. A total of 350 hypertensive patients were selected using simple random sampling. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used. Compliance was measured by Morisky 8-item Medication Adherence scale. Analysis was done using proportions and Chi-square test. Results: The overall compliance of study population was 23.7%. It was found to be significantly associated with gender, education, social class and associated co morbidities. Education, higher social class and duration of hypertension were found to be the main facilitators to adherence. The barriers to adherence were cost of drug and more number of pills per day. Conclusions: Patient education, family counselling and social support networks should be strengthened in health promotion programs in order to enhance compliance of hypertensive patients with the therapeutic regimen and to improve their quality of life. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of caesarean section and womens' attitude towards caesarean section in Manipur, North-Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Joymati Oinam ◽  
Shantibala Kongjenbam ◽  
Yumnam Ningthemba Singh
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The rapid increase of caesarean section (CS) rate throughout the world has become a serious public health issue since the level of CS is well above the WHO (1985) recommended 15% and it is increasing over time. Objectives of the study was to determine the prevalence of caesarean section and women’s attitudes towards CS, to investigate rural-urban differences and any associated factors between attitude with socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of three districts of Manipur from 2015 to 2017 among 600 eligible married women aged 18-35 years selected by simple random sampling. Household was taken as sampling unit and electoral roll (2013) as sampling frame. An interview schedule was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics like mean, SD, proportion and inferential statistics like χ2 test was used. p-value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the participants was 29.7±4.6 years. The overall prevalence of CS rate was 18.5% and the first child CS rate was 19.9% and majority of them belongs to 30-35 age groups. Majority of the women (84.2%) have neutral attitude and only 7.6% have favorable attitude towards CS. Favorable attitude towards CS was more among women who married at ≥30 years, whose husband was >30 years and was a government employee and who ever had CS.Conclusions: Although the prevalence of CS is well above the WHO (1985) recommendation. Majority still preferred vaginal delivery and the demand for CS is low in the present setting. 

scholarly journals A comparative study on the adherence to anti-hypertensive medications in urban and rural areas of Hubballi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Rao Katapadi ◽  
Dattatreya D. Bant
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health issue worldwide and can have deleterious effects on the health when it is not under control. Adherence to antihypertensive medications is thus necessary for better control of blood pressure and to reduce the risk of complications. There are various factors which support or hinder the patient’s adherence to anti- hypertensive treatment. Thus this study was done to reflect the factors influencing the adherence to antihypertensive drugs among urban and rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas of Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection among the known hypertensive patients. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS software.Results: Most of the hypertensive patients were aged 45 and above (89.5%). A total of 73.5% of the participants were adherent to antihypertensive medications and adherence was more among urban (76%) as compared to rural population (71%). Knowledge regarding complications of uncontrolled hypertension was the major factor for adherence in both the areas. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was controlled in patients who were adherent.Conclusions: There is a higher level of adherence to antihypertensive medications in urban population as compared to rural population of Hubballi. The findings suggest patient factors, clinical factors and socio-demographic factors play an important role in determining the adherence to the medication.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on community prevalence and treatment practice of hypertension with household awareness about it in semi urban Mangalore - A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 035-039
Author(s):  
Navya N. ◽  
Rashmi Kundapur ◽  
N. Udaya Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue and is the major contributory factor for the burden of heart disease, stroke, renal failure, premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. Objective : 1. To determine the community prevalence of hypertension.2. To Assess the Household Awareness Of hypertension.3. To study the pattern and regularity of treatment in hypertensives. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in 40 Households of Grama-Kshema Project in Kuthar and Manjanady villages (semi urban ) which belong to the field practice area of K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. A structured Questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions on awareness were scored and analyzed. Result: The community prevalence of hypertension among the households surveyed was 9.6 percent out of which 12.5 % were female and 5.9 % were male. Among them 46.7% were in the age group 51-70 years, 40% in the age group 31-50 years and 13.3% in the age group above 70 years.40 % of hypertensive visit their doctor on monthly basis.66.7% of the hypertensives visit private dispensary for their treatment and follow up. 93.3% are on anti-hypertensives of which 33.3 % use calcium channel blockers. Awareness scoring showed that 40% had poor score and 37.5 % average score. Conclusion: In the present study the prevalence of hypertension was found to be low. Among those diagnosed of hypertension, majority of them were females. Most of the hypertensive's visit private dispensaries on monthly basis. Awareness of Hypertension among the households was poor.

scholarly journals Does the social status of the elderly impact morbidities among them? – A cross sectional Study in a district of Gujarat

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Shashwat S Nagar ◽  
Noopur S Nagar ◽  
Hirenkumar B Patel ◽  
Darshan Mahyavanshi ◽  
S S Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

Background: The aging population is both medical & sociological problem for the country and they suffer with high rates of morbidity and mortality. So Social factors lay a significant impact on the health practices and this study will help us to understand and evaluate their health problems of elderly. Aims and Objective: 1. To assess the social status of elderly population. 2. To associate the findings with morbidities of elderly Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in urban and rural area of Surendranagar district among 611 elderly, using a predesigned and pre tested questionnaire by directly questioning the subjects with oral and written consent. For selection of the area, in both areas, the sampling units were enumerated and samples were collected by using simple random sampling, data was entered and analyzed using MS excel 2007. Result: Nearly 60 % of the subjects were currently unemployed and the predominant family system was 3 generation family. Majority of the families in the urban areas were from social class 4, whereas in the rural areas were from social class 5. Having poor social score had a statistically significant association with presence of morbidity in elderly both areas. Conclusions: Majority of elderly in both urban and rural areas had a poor social status. Role of the family and social structure on the health of the elderly can be clearly established. However, support structure must be developed in our social system in a way that the destitute and dependent elderly are taken care of by either government system or social organizations like NGOs and old age home.

scholarly journals Adherence to Antiretroviral and Cancer Chemotherapy, and Associated Factors Among Patients with HIV–Cancer Co-Morbidity at the Uganda Cancer Institute: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Achieng ◽  
Nelson Bunani ◽  
Joseph Kagaayi ◽  
Fred Nuwaha
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

Abstract Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a major global public health issue affecting millions of people, and sub-Saharan Africa where Uganda lies is is disproportionately affected. There has been an increase in cancer among HIV patients which has resulted into use of co-medications that sometimes affect ART and cancer chemotherapy adherence. We aimed to determine adherence to antiretroviral and cancer chemotherapy and the associated factors among patients with HIV-cancer co-morbidity at the Uganda Cancer Institute.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 200 randomly selected adult cancer patients infected with HIV, attending Uganda cancer institute. Antiretroviral and anti-cancer chemotherapy adherences with associated factors were assessed quantitatively. We collected the data using interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate prevalence ratios at 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with adherence to ART and cancer chemotherapy.Results: Overall, 54% (107/200) of the study participants adhered to both ART and chemotherapy, and 55% (110/200) adhered to ART while 65% (129/200) adhered to cancer chemotherapy. A majority, 61% (122/200) of the respondents were males. The mean age of the respondents was 42(SD±11years), and at least 43% (86/200) belonged to protestant religion. More than half, 56.5% (113/200) were married and at least 45% (90/200) had attained a primary level of education. Patients with good adherence to antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy were 107(54%, 95% CI=46.5-60.4). No knowledge of cancer stage (PR=0.4, 95% CI=0.25-0.56, P<0.0001), having an AIDS defining cancer (PR=0.7, 95% CI=0.50-0.88, P=0.005), ART clinic in district not near Uganda Cancer Institute (PR=0.7,95% CI=0.84-0.96, P=0.027) and affordability of cancer chemotherapy (PR=1.4, 95% CI=1.02-1.87, P=0.037) were associated with adherence to both ART and cancer chemotherapy.Conclusion: Adherence to both ART and cancer chemotherapy was low. Factors significantly associated with adherence were: knowledge of the cancer stage by the patient, the type of cancer diagnosis, source of ART and affordability/ availability of medications. There is need to provide information on stage of cancer and adherence counseling to patients. Furthermore, Integration of HIV- cancer care will be necessary for efficient and effective care for the patients.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Hypertension in Peri-urban Community of Kashmir Valle

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Uroosa Farooq Allaqband ◽  
Anjum B Fazili ◽  
Rohul Jabeen Shah ◽  
Javeed Ahmad Parray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue. It’s among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. Poor compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy is usually associated with bad outcome of the disease and wastage of limited health care resources. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and treatment compliance of the hypertensive patients. Method: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in a peri-urban area in the month of May 2019.This study was conducted in relation to May Measurement Month, an Initiative which was first observed by international Society of Hypertension in May 2017. This area is divided into six Mohallas from which two Mohallas were selected randomly. All households from the selected Mohallas were included in this house to house survey. A total of 1076 subjects above the age of 15 years participated in the study. The analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20.00 and standard statistical test like chi square (x2) was applied where ever required. Results: Over all prevalence of high blood pressure was found to be 28.8% in study population with 82.6% known hypertensives and 17.4% detected with raised BP for the first time. The overall compliance to treatment in known hypertensives was 34.4%. Conclusion: A very low treatment compliance level was observed in the study participants which needs redressal by way of mass awareness campaigns, as well as individual counseling for Behaviour Change Communication.

scholarly journals Knowledge about first aid, wound management and vaccination for the cases of dog bite: a cross-sectional study among the students of a management and technology institute in western Uttar Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Anuj Singh ◽  
Medhavi Agarwal ◽  
Arun Singh ◽  
Rashmi Katyal ◽  
H. S. Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: About half the world’s population is living in countries/territories where dog rabies still exists and is potentially exposed to rabies. In 2005 there were 12,700 symptomatically identifiable furious rabies deaths in India; taken as a whole 1.1 deaths per lac population; mostly in males (62%), in rural areas (91%), and in children below the age of 15 years (50%). The aims and objectives of the study were to ascertain the knowledge about the first aid and vaccination measures and to assess the awareness about management, dressing and suturing of wound following dog bite among students of a management college in the Western Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a professional institute of Bareilly district selected by simple random sampling between August 2016- January2017, data was collected with the help of a questionnaire related to the assessment of knowledge regarding wound management. Results: 96% believe in proper wound management of animal bite, 37% think dressing of wound is necessary, 40% think immediate suturing of wound is important, where as 90% study subjects were aware of Anti-rabies vaccine. Conclusions: Awareness assessment about the wound management is almost satisfactory. Since, majority of subjects know the right measure of first-aid and believe in proper wound management after dog bite along with the knowledge about anti-rabies vaccine. 

scholarly journals Characteristics of Confidence and Preparedness in Paramedics in Metropolitan, Regional, and Rural Australia to Manage Mental-Health-Related Presentations: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1882
Author(s):  
Kate Emond ◽  
Melanie Bish ◽  
Michael Savic ◽  
Dan I. Lubman ◽  
Terence McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Manage Mental ◽  
Manage Mental Health

Mental-health-related presentations account for a considerable proportion of the paramedic’s workload in prehospital care. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the perceived confidence and preparedness of paramedics in Australian metropolitan and rural areas to manage mental-health-related presentations. Overall, 1140 paramedics were surveyed. Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables by sex and location of practice; continuous variables were compared using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Perceived confidence and preparedness were each modelled in multivariable ordinal regressions. Female paramedics were younger with higher qualifications but were less experienced than their male counterparts. Compared to paramedics working in metropolitan regions, those working in rural and regional areas were generally older with fewer qualifications and were significantly less confident and less prepared to manage mental health presentations (p = 0.001). Compared to male paramedics, females were less confident (p = 0.003), although equally prepared (p = 0.1) to manage mental health presentations. These results suggest that higher qualifications from the tertiary sector may not be adequately preparing paramedics to manage mental health presentations, which signifies a disparity between education provided and workforce preparedness. Further work is required to address the education and training requirements of paramedics in regional and rural areas to increase confidence and preparedness in managing mental health presentations.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing HIV Drug Resistance among Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
Joana Morais ◽  
Miguel Brito
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
High Educational

The increase in HIV infection and drug-resistant strains is an important public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the identification of factors related to the propagation of infectious diseases represents a crucial target offering an opportunity to reduce health care costs as well as deepening the focus on preventing infection in high-risk groups. In this study, we investigate the factors related to drug resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a part of a cross-sectional study conducted with 42 HIV-positive pregnant women. A blood sample was collected, and HIV-1 genotyping was carried out using an in-house method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and drug resistance. HIV drug resistance was detected in 44.1% of the studied population. High probabilities of drug resistance were observed for HIV-infected pregnant women living in rural areas (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.50–14.9) with high educational level (AOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 0.77–51.2) and comorbidities (AOR: 5.47; 95% CI: 0.28–106) and infected with a HIV-1 non-B subtype other than subtype C (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.25–10.3). The present study reports high HIV drug resistance. Furthermore, older-age, rural areas, high educational levels, unemployed status, having comorbidities, and HIV-1 subtypes were factors related to drug resistance. These factors impact on drug susceptibility and need to be urgently addressed in order to promote health education campaigns able to prevent the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains in Angola.

Epidemiology of needlestick injuries among health-care workers in Awassa City, Southern Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moges Tadesse ◽  
Takele Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Needlestick Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers

Accidental needlestick injuries sustained by health-care workers are a common occupational hazard and a public health issue in health-care settings. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and 30.9% of health-care workers had experienced at least one needlestick injury in the previous year.

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