scholarly journals Projection of population of stunted children under five years and anaemic women of reproductive age in thirteen low, upper and high income 100 million+ countries around the world up to 2050

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Raut ◽  
Ananta Basudev Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
The World

Background: In 2012, the World Health Assembly Resolution 65.6 endorsed a comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition, which specified a set of six global nutrition targets that by 2025. The goals were aimed at reducing stunting, anaemia, low birth weight, no increase in childhood overweight, increase rates of exclusive breastfeeding and reduce and maintain wasting. Out of these an average annual rate of reduction (AARR) of 3.9% for a 40% reduction in reduction in the number of children under five years of age who are stunted and an average annual rate of reduction of 5.2% has been estimated for a 50% reduction in anaemia among women of reproductive age.Methods: This paper uses demographic techniques to project the number of stunted children under five years and anaemic women for the thirteen 100 million plus countries as of UN population projections, 2017 of Philippines, Ethiopia, Japan, Mexico, Russian Federation, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Pakistan, Brazil, Indonesia, United States of America, India and China using average annual rate of reduction recommended in the world health assembly.Results: The number of stunted children under five years of age is estimated to be reduced by 27% by 2025, 40% by 2030 and 72% by 2050. The number of anaemic women of reproductive age is estimated to be reduced by 32% by 2025, 46% by 2030 and 85% by 2050.Conclusions: There is a dire need for accelerating the progress of reduction in stunting prevalence among children under five years and anaemia among women of reproductive age to achieve the global targets in selected high burden countries of India and Nigeria.

scholarly journals Association between Drinking Water Treatment and Diarrhea Among Under-Five Years Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Yesvi Zulfiana ◽  
Nurul Fatmawati ◽  
Siskha Maya Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Diarrhea is still a health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) explained that the cause of death in infants and toddlers is diarrhea, which ranks second. Meanwhile, based on Indonesia's health profile in 2015, there were 18 outbreaks of diarrhea in 11 provinces, 18 districts / cities, with 1,213 sufferers and 30 deaths (CFR 2.47%). Several factors related to the incidence of diarrhea are maternal care, birth weight and environmental sanitation. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal parenting, birth weight and environmental sanitation with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in Selagalas Village, the working area of ​​Cakranegara Health Center. This study used a cross-sectional quantitative design on 104 toddlers who were selected by systematic random sampling in three selected environments in Selagalas Village. Data were collected by structured interviews using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis was carried out bivariately using logistic regression to see the relationship between family drinking water management and the incidence of diarrhea. 64.42% of children under five were found to have experienced diarrhea. The variable related to the incidence of diarrhea was the lack of drinking water management with a value of P = 0.03. The management of family drinking water is still lacking so it is necessary to make health promotion efforts for the family to improve the management of family drinking water that meets the requirements so that it can improve the behavior of a clean and healthy life.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Predictor Variables Associated with the Malaria Status among Children under Five Years in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan ◽  
Stephen J. Walters ◽  
Richard Jacques ◽  
Khaled Khatab
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Effective Distribution

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most malaria-endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policymakers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scarce palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed at identifying studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine the predictors associated with malaria among children under five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting (PICOTS), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Measure DHS. The databases were searched for published articles from January 1990 to December 2020. Results: Among the 1154 studies identified, only thirteen (13) studies met the study’s inclusion criteria. Narrative syntheses were performed on the selected papers to synchronize the various predictors identified. Factors ranging from child-related (age, birth order and use of a bed net), parental/household-related (maternal age and education status, household wealth index) and community-related variables (community wealth status, free bed net distribution) were some of the identified significant predictors. Conclusions: It is timely to have a synthesis of predictors that influence the malaria status of children under-five in SSA. The outcome of the review will increase the knowledge of the epidemiology of morbidity that will form the basis for designing efficient and cost-effective distribution of palliatives and control of malaria in SSA.

scholarly journals Nutritional Transition in Children under Five Years and Women of Reproductive Age: A 15-Years Trend Analysis in Peru

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e92550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Loret de Mola ◽  
Renato Quispe ◽  
Giancarlo A. Valle ◽  
Julio A. Poterico
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Nutritional Transition

scholarly journals Rancangan Grafik Ukuran Antropometri, Ketebalan Lemak Dan Kecukupun Gizi Berdasarkan Metode Regresi Spline Sebagai Prediktor Kondisi Stunting Pada Balita

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Diane Marlin ◽  
Rini Mustika Sarikurnia Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The World

In the period of 24-59 months of age, the sensory system of toddlers is ready to face various stimulations and growths, such as learning to speak more fluently and recognizing environmental conditions, physical and psychological growth. Not all toddlers can grow optimally. One form of growth failure during toddlerhood is stunting. Indonesia is the country with the fifth-highest stunting condition in the world in the last decade. Around 37% (nearly 9 million) of children under five in Indonesia are stunted. Stunting can of course be avoided by knowing the possible causes and signs such as 1) Under-standard anthropometric measures, 2) Low nutritional adequacy, 3) Body Mass Index for Parents, 4) Age at high risk during pregnancy, 5) Poor environmental sanitation. well preserved. Anthropometric measurement indicators such as height, weight, and head circumference are used as the main criteria for assessing the adequacy of nutritional intake and physical growth of infants and toddlers. In Indonesia, the growth curve for children under five that is commonly used is KartuMenujuSehat (KMS). The KMS curve is designed based on references from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (NCHS). Based on this mismatch, this study aims to design a graph of physical growth standards for toddlers based on anthropometry (height, weight, head circumference, chest circumference, calf circumference), fat thickness, and nutritional adequacy of toddlers according to the average physical size of toddlers in Indonesia. Also, it assesses the adequacy of nutrition in areas that have inhibiting factors for nutrient intake. This growth standard graph is designed using the spline regression method. This study used a cross-sectional design where measurements were carried out once. The sample in this study were children under five who were in the study who met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of data analysis and the design of the curve mode, the third-order cubic spline mode is obtained with a combination of two knots, namely 9 and 21 knots, and a minimum GCV value of 2.1267. The linear assumption value is fulfilled with a value of R2 = 82.54. i.e. linearity, normality, and a constant zero residue are met.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Selected Studies on Risk Factors Associated with the Malaria Status among Children Under-five Years in Sub-Sahara Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan ◽  
Stephen J. Walters ◽  
Richard Jacques ◽  
Khaled Khatab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Distribution

Background/Purpose: In recent times, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) had been rated by the World Health Organization, (WHO), as the most malaria endemic region in the world. Evidence synthesis of the risk factors associated with malaria among children aged under-five in SSA is urgently needed. This would help to inform decisions that policy makers and executors in the region need to make for the effective distribution of scare palliative resources to curb the spread of the illness. This scoping review is aimed to identify studies that have used multivariate classical regression analysis to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children under-five years old in SSA. Methods/Design: The search terms followed PICOTS, (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timing, Setting), and were used in searching through the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and MeasureDHS. The databases were searched for published articles from January 1990 to December 2020. Results: Among the 1154 studies identified, only thirteen (13) studies met the study’s inclusion/exclusion criteria. Narrative syntheses were performed on the selected papers to synchronise the various risk factors identified. Factors ranging from child-related, (age, birth order and use of bed net), parental/household-related, (maternal age and education status, household wealth index) and community-related variables, (community wealth status, free bed net distribution), were some of the identified significant risk factors. Conclusion: It is timely to have a synthesis of risk factors that influence the malaria status of children under-five in SSA. The outcome of the review will increase the knowledge of the epidemiology of morbidity that will form the basis for designing efficient and cost-effective distribution of palliatives and controls of malaria in SSA.

scholarly journals Are Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region on Track towards Meeting the World Health Assembly Target for Anemia? A Review of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2449
Author(s):  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh ◽  
Mandy Taktouk ◽  
Radhouene Doggui ◽  
Zahra Abdollahi ◽  
Baseer Achakzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World

Anemia is a multifactorial condition, with a complex etiology that involves nutritional and non-nutritional factors. The misconception that iron deficiency is equivalent to anemia may mask the need to address other potential causative factors. This review paper aims to (1) assess the burden of anemia vs. iron deficiency anemia (IDA) amongst women of reproductive age (WRA), pregnant women (PW), and children under five years old (underfive children, U5C) in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR); (2) evaluate trends in anemia prevalence and whether countries are on track towards meeting the World Health Assembly (WHA) target for 2025; and (3) characterize anemia reduction efforts and provide a road map for future programs. A search of pertinent literature and databases was conducted. Anemia prevalence in the EMR ranged between 22.6% and 63% amongst PW, 27% and 69.6% amongst WRA, and 23.8% and 83.5% amongst U5C. Data showed that the EMR is not on course towards meeting the WHA target. The contribution of IDA to anemia was found to be less than half. Other potential contributors to anemia in the region were identified, including micronutrient deficiencies, parasitic infestations, and poor sanitation. A framework of action was proposed as a roadmap to meet the targets set by the WHA.

scholarly journals Iodine Excretion and Intake in Women of Reproductive Age in South Australia Eating Plant-Based and Omnivore Diets: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Jane S. Whitbread ◽  
Karen J. Murphy ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Jennifer B. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Women consuming a strictly vegan/plant-based diet may be at increased risk of low iodine intake due to avoidance of animal products containing iodine. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the iodine excretion and intake in women consuming vegan/plant based diets compared with women consuming omnivore diets. Fifty-seven women (n = 31 plant-based, n = 26 omnivores), provided two spot urine samples to assess urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Two days of dietary intake were also recorded by participants. As the data were not normally distributed results are reported as median (IQR). UIC was significantly different between groups, 44 (26–66) µg/L in the vegan/plant-based group versus 64 (40–88) µg/L in omnivores (p < 0.05). UIC did not meet the >100 µg/L level recommended by the World Health Organization. Iodine intake was also significantly different, 78 (62–91) µg/day in the vegan/plant-based group and 125 (86–175) µg/day in the omnivores (p = 0.000). Iodine intake and bread intake were correlated with iodine excretion (CC 0.410–4.11, p = 0.003). These data indicate iodine insufficiency in both groups of women as the median values were below the minimum WHO recommendation. A larger study assessing iodine excretion in the Australian women of reproductive age who are not pregnant or breastfeeding is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Stunting in children under five years old is still a health problem in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a population-based study in Assis Brasil, Acre, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Augusto Silva Mantovani ◽  
Alanderson Alves Ramalho ◽  
Thasciany Moraes Pereira ◽  
Fernando Luiz Cunha Castelo Branco ◽  
Humberto Oliart-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Despite the process of nutritional transition in Brazil, in some places, such as the Amazon region, stunting is still an important public health problem. We identified the prevalence and factors associated with stunting in children under five years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil. A survey was conducted in which a questionnaire on socioeconomic, maternal and children’s conditions was applied, and height or length was measured. The children with height for age index below -2 Z-scores were considered stunted, according to the criteria by the World Health Organization. Four hundred and twenty-eight children were evaluated. Of these, 62 were stunted. Factors associated with stunting, according to adjusted models, were: the presence of open sewer, the wealth index for households, the receipt of governmental financial aid and the mother’s height, age and education. Therefore, it was observed that family and the mother’s characteristics as well as environmental and socioeconomic factors were closely related to the occurrence of stunting in the population studied, and such nutritional disturbance is still a health problem in the Brazilian Amazon.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE DOUBLE BURDEN OF MALNUTRITION FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Mulimba Were ◽  
SAVERIO STRANGES ◽  
Ishor Sharma ◽  
Juan-Camilo Vargas-Gonzalez ◽  
M. Karen Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction: The majority of the populations in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are encountering the double burden of malnutrition (DBM): the coexistence of both undernutrition and overnutrition sequalae. With DBM being a new phenomenon in research, little is known about its etiology, operational definitions and risk factors influencing its manifestation. The proposed scoping review is aimed at mapping literature with regards to the DBM phenomenon among preschool children and women of reproductive age in LMICs who are among the most high-risk groups to encounter DBM. Methods: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS and ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis Global. Additionally, searches in other government and institutional sources (World Health Organization website and university repositories) and forward and backward citation tracking of seminal articles will also be done. Two reviewers will independently conduct title and abstract screening and full text screening. Similarly, data extraction and coding will independently be done by two reviewers. Information extracted from included literature will be analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis approach and reported as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this study because the review is based on literature from publicly available sources. The dissemination of our findings will be done through presentations in relevant conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

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