scholarly journals Assessment of training need and training efficacy for national program for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke among medical officers of West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3056
Author(s):  
Indrajit Saha ◽  
Satabdi Mitra ◽  
Ananta Chatterjee ◽  
Jyotishman Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Chitra Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
National Program ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Need ◽  
And Control

Background: The national program for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke (NPCDCS) has been rolled out in West Bengal, with its implementation initiated through state-wide training of Medical Officers (M.O). For attaining requisite competency for meeting NPCDCS objectives, MOs have been trained at their respective district levels. Present study aimed to assess the training need, training efficacy and need for further training.Methods: A repeat cross-sectional study was conducted from May-July 2018 for M.Os of six randomly chosen districts of West Bengal, out of those whereat NPCDCS was launched in first phase. 40-45 M.Os were randomly selected from each district in liaison with district level health authorities. The total sample size was 352 with Finite population correction. On the days of training, pre and post training surveys were conducted with an identical semi-structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha >0.8) covering different levels of cognitive domain, with a maximum possible score of 100 marks. No negative marking was done for incorrect responses. Training was imparted by the Principal Investigator (accredited trainer). Ethical clearance was granted by the State Health Directorate. Informed consent from each participant was obtained.Results: Dependent sample t-test revealed significant increment (p<0.0001) in post-test scores (t=63.134) & one-way repeated measure general linear model (GLM) also revealed F=29.617 (p<.0001). The “Effect Size” was classified as “Huge” (Cohen’s D=63.134/√(352)= 3.365), as was noted between pre-test and post-test scores, based on Cohen’s convention and Sawilowsky’s addition. It was further noted that even after six hour training sessions there was 27.44% knowledge gap (p<0.0001) after adjusting for Bonferroni.Conclusions: Imperativeness of training coupled with periodic refresher training has been established as a pre-requisite for successful implementation of NPCDCS.

scholarly journals A study on implementation of national programme for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke in Udupi district, Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kantinath Ainapure ◽  
Kumar Sumit ◽  
Sanjay M. Pattanshetty
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Programme ◽  
And Control

Background: In India National programme for prevention and control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) programme was launched in 2011 to reduce the burden of Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs). Udupi district was one of the first few districts of Karnataka where NPCDCS programme was started in the year 2010.Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the stakeholders involved in the NPCDCS programme of Udupi District, Karnataka from January 2017- June 2017. Purposive sampling method was used for the sample selection. A total of 36 in-depth interviews were carried out among the stakeholders of NPCDCS programme.Results: The programme has achieved initial success and its successful implementation has to be observed in the coming years. Health staff posts which are critical in implementation of NPCDCS are vacant in many of the healthcare centres. Awareness about this programme was relatively low in the community.Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct regular awareness and screening campaigns with proper follow-up services to make the community sensitized about the programme. Regular supply of medicines should be ensured for the effective implementation of the programme in the future so that it can achieve its goal in reducing the burden NCDs.

scholarly journals A health worker knowledge, attitudes and practices survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiendhra Vasudevan Moodley ◽  
Muzimkhulu Zungu ◽  
Molebogeng Malotle ◽  
Kuku Voyi ◽  
Nico Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Health workers are crucial to the successful implementation of infection prevention and control strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at healthcare facilities. The aim of our study was to determine SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control knowledge and attitudes of frontline health workers in four provinces of South Africa as well as explore some elements of health worker and health facility infection prevention and control practices. Methods A cross-sectional study design was utilised. The study population comprised both clinical and non-clinical staff working in casualty departments, outpatient departments, and entrance points of health facilities. A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed using the World Health Organization guidance as the basis for the knowledge questions. COVID-19 protocols were observed during data collection. Results A total of 286 health workers from 47 health facilities at different levels of care participated in the survey. The mean score on the 10 knowledge items was 6.3 (SD = 1.6). Approximately two-thirds of participants (67.4%) answered six or more questions correctly while less than a quarter of all participants (24.1%) managed to score eight or more. A knowledge score of 8 or more was significantly associated with occupational category (being either a medical doctor or nurse), age (< 40 years) and level of hospital (tertiary level). Only half of participants (50.7%) felt adequately prepared to deal with patients with COVD-19 at the time of the survey. The health workers displaying attitudes that would put themselves or others at risk were in the minority. Only 55.6% of participants had received infection prevention and control training. Some participants indicated they did not have access to medical masks (11.8%) and gloves (9.9%) in their departments. Conclusions The attitudes of participants reflected a willingness to engage in appropriate SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control practices as well as a commitment to be involved in COVID-19 patient care. Ensuring adequate infection prevention and control training for all staff and universal access to appropriate PPE were identified as key areas that needed to be addressed. Interim and final reports which identified key shortcomings that needed to be addressed were provided to the relevant provincial departments of health.

scholarly journals Gender differences and determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailiana Santosa ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Lars Weinehall ◽  
Genming Zhao ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Failure to promote early detection and better management of hypertension will contribute to the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to assess the gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, together with its associated factors, in China and Sweden. Methods We used data from two cross-sectional studies: the Västerbotten Intervention Program in northern Sweden (n = 25,511) and the Shanghai survey in eastern China (n = 25,356). We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine the socio-demographics, lifestyle behaviours, and biological factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. Results Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension (43% in Sweden, 39% in China) than their female counterparts (29 and 36%, respectively). In Sweden, men were less aware of, less treated for, and had less control over their hypertension than women. Chinese men were more aware of, had similar levels of treatment for, and had less control over their hypertension compared to women. Awareness and control of hypertension was lower in China compared to Sweden. Only 33 and 38% of hypertensive Chinese men and women who were treated reached the treatment goals, compared with a respective 48 and 59% in Sweden. Old age, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, low physical activity and overweight or obesity were found to increase the odds of hypertension and its diagnosis. Conclusions This study shows the age and gender differences in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in China and Sweden. Multisectoral intervention should be developed to address the increasing burden of sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity and diabetes, all of which are linked to the prevention and control of hypertension. Development and implementation of the gender- and context-specific intervention for the prevention and control of hypertension facilitates understanding with regard to the implementation barriers and facilitators.

scholarly journals Case-based learning in integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163
Author(s):  
Sundaram Kartikeyan ◽  
Aniruddha A. Malgaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Case Based

Background: This complete-enumeration, before-and-after type of study (without controls) was conducted on 61 third-year medical students at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane, Maharashtra state to study the difference in cognitive domain scores after attending lecture-based learning (by a pre-test) and after attending case-based learning (by a post-test).Methods: After approval from the institutional ethics committee, the purpose of the study was explained to third-year medical students and written informed consent was obtained. After curriculum-based lectures on integrated management of neonatal and childhood Illness, a pre-test was administered wherein each student was asked to fill up case sheets for five case scenarios. The maximum marks obtainable were 10 marks per case (total 50 marks).  Case-based learning was conducted in two sub-groups comprising 31 and 30 randomly assigned students by the same faculty and students in each sub-group were exposed to identical case scenarios. The post-test was conducted using case scenarios and case sheets that were identical to that of the pre-test.Results: The overall mean score increased and the difference between the case-wise pre-test and post-test scores of both female (n=35) and male (n=26) students was highly significant (p <0.00001). However, the gender differences in pre-test score (Z=1.038; p=0.299) and post-test score were not significant (Z=0.114; p=0.909).Conclusions: Using case scenarios augmented the cognitive domain scores of participating students and the gender differences in scores were not statistically significant. The post-test scores showed higher variability. Remedial educational interventions would be required for students who obtained low scores in the post-test.

Smoking and Diabetes Control in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study From the 2018 National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Janbabaei Molla ◽  
Faramarz Ismail-Beigi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Pegah Khaloo ◽  
Fatemeh Moosaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
National Program ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Diabetes in Iran: Prospective Analysis from First Nationwide Diabetes Report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Esteghamati ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Mohammad Haji Aghajani ◽  
Fatemeh Ghaemi ◽  
Jamshid Kermanchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
National Program ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Effect of Games Including Physical Activity on Digital Game Addiction of 11-14 Age Group Middle-School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekihan Hazar ◽  
Muhsin Hazar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
School Students ◽  
Game Addiction ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

In this study, it was investigated that effect of games including physical activity on digital game addiction of 11-14 age group middle-school students. Along with the determination of digital game addiction, conducting applied experimental study is important regarding showing results of application with theoretical knowledge towards solving problem. Within this framework, it was thought that “games including physical activity” will be important tool for decreasing the level of digital game addiction. Experimental Design method was used in the study in which was adopted Quantitative Research model. When 11-14 age group students who addicted digital games consisted of the population of the study, the sample of the study consisted of 29 girls and 51 boys who have studied. In the study, personal information form and digital game addiction scale that was developed by the researcher were used as measurement tools. During data collection period, by accepting applied pre-test to students as criterion sample process, students who have high addiction level (total scale score is 49 and above) were detected and control (n = 40) and experimental (n = 40) groups were created with unbiased assignment method. After the 12-weeks period “games including physical activity” training, the data which was collected from the control and experimental groups by taking post-test data was evaluated with SPSS 20 packaged software. It was found that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of both sub-dimensions and total addiction scores and post-test scores were lower than pre-test scores. It was shown that post-test addiction scores were significantly higher than pre-test addiction scores in control group. When investigating post-test addiction scores of control and experiment groups, it was shown that addiction level of experimental group significantly decrease comparing control group. It was determined that pre-test/post-test scores of experimental group students did not show significant differences in terms of gender, age, education level of mothers, education level of fathers, number of siblings. It was also found that pre-test/post-test addiction scores of experimental and control groups showed significant differences regarding playing digital game duration. When playing digital game duration decreased in experimental group, playing game duration increased in control group. Therefore, it was concluded that addiction levels of students who are digital game addict decreased because of interesting games including physical activity. As a result; physical moving games and sports can be said to be an important tool in dealing with digital game addiction. It can also be said that an important way to protect children from such addictions is to do sports.

scholarly journals Ghanaian Indigenous Conception of Real Mathematics Education in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Clement Ayarebilla Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Mathematical Ideas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Ghana abounds in indigenous resources but little mathematics has been conceptualised. The study therefore applied the four trends of real mathematics education on five main Ghanaian indigenous materials. The design was quasi-experimental non-equivalent groups of experimental (80) and control (70) students. The experimental group was taught with the four trends and the control with the traditional approach. The researcher used teacher-made test instruments through the standard psychometric techniques and tagged them as pretest and post-test scores. Both tests were similar and given to both groups before and after the treatments. The results show that the main indigenous Ghanaian materials were signs/symbols, artefacts, instruments, tools and technologies, and signs/symbols being the most significant. These results were then applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics at the senior high school levels. The researcher therefore recommends that students should be allowed to use indigenous mathematical ideas, concepts, generalizations and thoughts processes

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