scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices among adult women in a rural area of Kolar district, South India: a community based survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Nagesh Ramya ◽  
Mahendra M. Reddy ◽  
Prasanna B. T. Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: In developing countries, monitoring and assessing the change in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices still remains to be a challenge especially in rural areas. The objective of the study was to assess the practices related to WaSH and factors associated with good WaSH practices among rural adult women belonging to Kolar district of Karnataka, India.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in a village of Kolar district during July - October 2018. Socio-demographic details and water related characteristics were collected from an adult female of the household using a pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. The WaSH practices were captured using a set of 15 questions designed after a thorough literature search. WaSH score was categorised into good practice or not based on cut-off value of WaSH score ≥third quartile.Results: Out of total 108 households enlisted a total of 82 households (76%) comprising of 464 individuals was surveyed. The number of people reporting good WaSH practices was 40 (48.8%). Multivariable logistic regression model containing all independent variables studied showed statistical significance with respect to family type alone (nuclear family having statistically significance compared to three generation family; Odds ratio (95% Confidence Interval) =11.9 (2.7-52.0).Conclusions: One in two women had good WaSH practice and among the individual components use of soap after defecation was practiced in less than one in ten women under study. 

scholarly journals A new perspective on the rise of tuberculosis cases: Communal living

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerif Kurtuluş ◽  
Remziye Can ◽  
Zafer Hasan Ali Sak
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Communal Living ◽  
Living Area

Abstract Background: Forced migration caused by wars causes health parameters to regress including tuberculosis. Wars are obstacles that stand in our way to eradicate tuberculosis and they are the reason why it has been such a threat to human life. To determine the relationship between living area and family type and the number of contacts among refugees and Turkish citizens who have been diagnosed with tuberculosis.Method: This research has been conducted with 194 patients with tuberculosis who admitted to The Faculty of Medicine, Harran University between the years of 2012-2019. The number of contacted people has been provided with the patients' folders. Reaching their homes, the patients' family types and living areas have been recorded among the volunteer attenders.Result: 98 (%50,5) percent of the members of the study group are refugees, the number of the contacts, among screened refugees, is 549 while the size of the living area is 7740m2. 96 (%49,5) percent of the members of the study group are citizens of the Turkish Republic(TR), the number of the contacs, among screened TR citizens, is 487, while the size of the living space is 11370 m2. 57 percent (%58,2) of the refugee families were found in communal living style while 47 (%49,0) percent of TR citizens were found living in a nuclear family system. It has been found that the statistical significance between the living area and the family type is caused by the difference between the nuclear family system and the communal living style. The average living space of TR citizens is meaningfully higher than the average living area of the refugees.Conclusion: It has been found that tuberculosis infects more people in war-related life conditions and this is caused by people -who are not blood-related- living together, communal living in other words. This is new information for the literature. The exposed number being higher in refugees than TR citizens proves that the refugees living out of camp are present in communal living spaces more often. The obstacles to reaching health services for refugees living out of camp should be examined.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Rural South Indian Women—Prevalence and Correlates: A Community-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 078-083
Author(s):  
Manikandan Srinivasan ◽  
Mahendra M. Reddy ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
Vikas Menon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Community Based ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The burden of common mental disorders (CMDs) which includes depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders are on the rise in India. Women in rural areas form one of the high-risk groups with respect to CMDs due to their compromised status of living. Objective The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, and the predictors to depression among women in rural Puducherry. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was performed in 2016, among women aged 18 to 59 years, residing in the rural area of Puducherry. Prevalence of CMDs was determined using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21. Using a systematic random sampling method, women were interviewed in their houses. The socio-demographic characteristics along with risk factors for depression were captured using a semi-structured proforma. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of depression. Results A total of 301 women were surveyed and their mean age (SD) was 34.9 (10.2) years. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 15% (95% CI: 11.3–19.3), 10.6% (95% CI: 7.5–14.5), and 5% (95% CI: 3–8), respectively. Multivariable analysis identified that lesser education and living separately/divorced to be significant predictors for depression in these women. Conclusion About one in six adult women living in a rural area was found to be depressed, which is considerably high. This emphasizes the need for screening among women for common mental disorders in primary care settings, especially in rural areas so that early diagnoses happen and thus reduce the impact due to mental disability.

scholarly journals A study on WASH practices and under five (U5) morbidity pattern using remote sensing and geographical information system in Udupi Taluk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogish Channa Basappa ◽  
Shreemathi S Mayya ◽  
Jagadeesha Pai B ◽  
Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Millennium development goals seven (MDG-7) emphasizes about environmental sustainability. Globally one in five habitually defecates in open and globally, about 13% of world population collects water from unprotected sources; most of the Asian cities fail to meet national water quality standards. MDG Goal-4 targets reducing child mortality. Under the age group of five years diarrhoea is the second biggest cause of death cause by poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices. Worldwide unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene leads to 80% of diarrhoea.India accounts to 60% of world’s open defecation, only 31% of population use improved sanitation, in rural areas it’s about 21%. In India diarrhoea kills one child per minute. Diarrhoea and respiratory infection are the leading cause of deaths in India. Over 40% of the diarrhoea and 30% of the respiratory infection among children can be reduced, particularly by practicing hand wash with soap after contacted with excreta. An adequate water supply and basic sanitation are important elements of primary health care. This study is an attempt to fill the gap in understanding WASH practices and morbidity pattern among under five children in Udupi taluk.The objective of the study was to assess the morbidity pattern and factors associated with it among U5 children, to identify water, sanitation and hygiene practices in the community and to map morbidity patterns of U5 children in relation to water sources. A cross sectional study was conducted in between February 2015 to June 2015 across Udupi taluk among 258 children between the age group of three to 59 months, mixed method study design approach was used.Of the 258 children, 55.4% participants were female. Majority of the participants lived in nuclear families (64.7%). The current illness of ARI was 7.5% followed by pneumonia (4.7%) and diarrhoea (2.8%). Prevalence of ARI over a period of three months was 76.4% followed by fever 56.2% and diarrhoea (22.1%). Most of the parents preferred private setting for treatment of their children. On assessing weight for age 16.5% children were underweight and 8.8% were thin on assessing weight for length. Boys were thinner compare to female. Most of the households used improved sources of drinking water (95.3%) and adequate sanitary facilities (89.5%). Among them 58.1% drew water from protected dug wells. For drinking purpose, 24% of participants travelled outside the premises to fetch water from improved source, and at household level 61.6% used adequate water treatment methods. A minimal number of participants practiced open defecation of about 5%. Almost the participants washed their hands before feeding the child (98.8%) and 56.1% used water and soap. Logistic regression showed children less than 2 year were 4.26 times more likely to suffer from diarrhoea compared to the age group of 2 to 5 years. Association of fever and cough showed statistical significance. Qualitative data showed cause of diarrhoea was mainly due to food poisoning, unhygienic food; eating food from outside food and the main organism was viral followed by bacteria. Fever and cough were due to cross infection.

scholarly journals Mothers/Caregivers Age and Family Structure Predicted Knowledge on Recommended Nutrition Practices for Children under 5 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p394
Author(s):  
Jacob Setorglo ◽  
Moses K. Klevor ◽  
Philip Narteh Gorleku ◽  
Mirabel Asomboya ◽  
Kingsley Kwadwo AsarePereko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction: There are recommendations regarding infant and young child feeding and when followed children’s growth are optimum. These feeding practices are age definitive, starting from exclusive breastfeeding, to the transition of the child to complementary foods. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine nutritional knowledge among mothers/caretaker regarding children under five years. Methods: A cross sectional study design employing quantitative methods was chosen for this study. The study population comprised 285 caregivers and their children aged of 6 and 59 months. Respondents were chosen randomly from four hard-to-reach communities and two peri-urban communities within three sub-municipalities, who lived in and accessed child welfare services during the study period. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect background and nutritional knowledge data from the respondents. Maternal/caretaker knowledge on recommended nutritional practice was split into two with scores were greater than 7 out of the 13 knowledge items was considered as good. STATA version 14 was used to analyze data and statistical significance determine at 95% confidence interval.Results: The average age of the children under 5 years and their mothers/caretakers were 32 months and 29 years respectively. About 73% had nuclear family structure. Results of Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests for association indicated that, mother’s/caretaker’s age (p<0.001), family structure (p=0.010) and access to media information (p<0.001) were significantly associated with mother’s good nutritional knowledge on recommended practices. Mothers/caretakers age (OR=0.17; 95%CI: (0.70-0.43); family structure (OR=0.30; 95% CI (0.11-0.78) and access to media (AOR=5.12; 95% (2.46-10.69) predicted mothers nutritional knowledge. Conclusions: Maternal/caretaker factors predicted nutritional knowledge when feeding a child in both peri-urban and rural areas. These factors should be considered when promoting child nutrition.

scholarly journals A Study on the Socioeconomic Profile of Self Help Groups Established under NRLM in the Jammu Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Kalla Ashok ◽  
Rajinder Peshin ◽  
K. V. Manjunath ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Self Help Groups

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) scheme was launched in 2011 with an agenda to reach out and mobilise seventy million below poverty line (BPL) households into self-managed self-help groups (SHG) and federal institutions and support them through livelihood collectives. In order to understand the profile characteristics of SHGs established under this scheme, the study was conducted in purposively selected Jammu and Samba districts in the Jammu region. Out of a total of 670 SHGs set up till 2017, a sample of 20 SHGs, 10 from each purposively selected Dansal block of Jammu district and Ghagwal block of Samba district were selected employing random sampling technique without replacement. Data collection was done by personal interview method with a semi structured interview schedule. The results revealed that all the respondents were female and majority were married belonging to the scheduled castes, with a nuclear family type having an average formal education upto 5th standard. It is also understood that there is a significant relationship between the education levels of the respondents with their caste and group membership. The study also found that majority of the respondents engaged into self help groups under NRLM belonging to the below poverty line category.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding counselling and support: is it adequate? a descriptive study from Rohtak, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Shweta Goswami ◽  
Pardeep Khanna ◽  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Vinod Chayal ◽  
Varun Arora
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Antenatal breastfeeding education and motivation along with postnatal encouragement and lactation support are likely to improve rates of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding. This study was done to know whether antenatal and postnatal visits were utilized for promotion of optimum breastfeeding in addition to the routine obstetric services.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional type of community based epidemiological study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area attached to Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of 500 mothers were studied. A pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used for interviewing the study subjects and house to house visits were carried out to collect the information.Results: Health functionaries were the source of information in 49.6% mothers in urban area as compared to only 29.2% in rural areas. Breastfeeding related information was better in the mothers counseled by health functionaries than not counseled group.Conclusions: Health functionaries should be instructed to inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding during antenatal as well as postnatal visits. Existing breastfeeding education and postnatal support is not adequate in the population studied and needs to be strengthened.

Fishing Families in Three Danish Coastal Communities

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Chr. Johansen ◽  
Per Madsen ◽  
Ole Degn
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Family Type ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Family Pattern ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Very High

Earlier studies of population in Denmark have dealt mainly with demographic behavior in rural areas that depended on agriculture and where restricted access to limited resources resulted in very high ages at first marriage and small average household size. This study concentrates on another agrarian variant—fishing communities. Developments in three coastal communities were analyzed for the period 1787–1901. The inhabitants lived mainly from fishing. Given the technology of the day, this was an occupation with nearly unlimited resources. Furthermore, there were no legal restrictions on the partitioning of land in the hamlets on the coast or on fishing in nearby coastal waters. These conditions resulted in earlier marriages, but not in a different family type. Young people in the hamlets established their own households when they married, and fishermen conformed to the nuclear family pattern dominant in the Nordic countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence, patterns and socio-demographic correlates of tobacco use in Davangere taluka, Karnataka: a community-based, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Basanagouda K. Patil ◽  
Vijay S. Patil ◽  
A. Nagrajachari ◽  
D. Kiran ◽  
Sunita B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Correlates

Background: Tobacco use is the single, largest preventable cause of death and disability worldwide. Area-specific community-based epidemiological studies on tobacco use are required to quantify the problem, identify the determinants and their distribution. The objectives were to find out the prevalence, patterns and socio-demographic correlates of tobacco use in Davangere taluka, Karnataka, India.Methods: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study of 2008 subjects (>10 years of age) in urban and rural areas of Davangere taluka, Karnataka. Interviews were conducted by using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire by house-house visits.  Results are presented using percentages, chi-square test, odds ratio and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 30.7%. Among urban males it was 39.5%, rural males 39.6%, rural females 26% and urban females 18.5%. Tobacco use was significantly associated with sex, locality, religion, caste, marital status, family type, occupation, and tobacco use in family or friends. There was direct relationship of tobacco use with age and inverse relationship with education and socio-economic status. Mixed tobacco use was higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. About 73.9% of 10-29 years persons had started before the age of 18 years. Among older participants there was higher frequency of consumption and duration of use.Conclusions: Tobacco use is common and it is influenced by various local socio-demographic factors. Addressing these factors and providing tobacco cessation services should be included as key strategies in tobacco control.

scholarly journals Childhood vaccination uptake and associated factors among children 12–23 months in rural settings of the Gambia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrima Touray ◽  
Amadou Barrow ◽  
Bakary Kinteh ◽  
Mansour Badjie ◽  
Musa Nget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Uptake ◽  
River Region

Abstract Background Globally, immunization prevents 2–3 million deaths annually from vaccine-preventable diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza, and measles. In developing countries, several immunization programs have made progress, but the coverage remains a standstill in some areas. In order to inform policies and practices, the present study aimed at assessing vaccination uptake and contextual-associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in rural Gambia. Methods A community-based triangulated cross-sectional design was conducted in January 2020, with 200 caregivers with children aged 12–23 months in selected households in rural communities across Upper River Region of the Gambia using multistage sampling technique were recruited. A structured interview questionnaire was developed and Infant Welfare Cards were assessed to elicit information regarding contextual household characteristics towards childhood immunization uptake. Percentages, chi-square/fisher exact test for variables with p-value ≤0.15 were considered for inclusion into logistic regression model. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare significance. Results The proportion of children who received all the required vaccines was 66%. At the level of antigen-specific coverage, about 88.5% received BCG, 71% received OPV 3, 82.5% received Penta 3, while 72 and 71% received Measles-Rubella and yellow fever, respectively. Caregivers who had primary education level 88.8% (aOR = 0.112; 95% CI = 0.029–0.434), secondary & above 87.2% (aOR = 0.128; 95% CI = 0.029, 0. 561) and arabic/madrassa 95.7% (aOR = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.008–1.227) were less likely to be fully vaccinated when compared to those who have never been to school. Farmers are less likely by 88.9% (aOR = 0.111; 95% CI 0.020, 0.635) while children from family size of more than 20 members had reduced odds (aOR = 0.420; 95% CI = 0.197, 0.894) for their children to complete their vaccination schedule as compared to those with at most 20 household members. Conclusion There is moderately a burden of incomplete vaccination in rural Gambia. Vaccination programs should be constantly monitored and evaluated by the Ministry of Health, especially in rural areas. To increase societal awareness and vaccine acceptance, a robust community-based health education efforts are desperately needed as part of initiatives to increase vaccine service utilization for these high-risk classes.

Sustainable Rural Water Supply Schemes and Sri Lankan Community-based Organisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-717
Author(s):  
Lalith Wijesinghe ◽  
Darshani Ilangangedara ◽  
L.H.P. Gunarathne
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Donor Agencies

With a majority of the world’s poor living in rural areas, focusing on rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene is necessary if Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved. Therefore, donor agencies invest a significant amount of funds on rural water and sanitation projects. These rural water supply schemes (RWSS) are usually proposed to be managed by community-based organisations. Therefore, sustainability has become a widely discussed aspect in the agendas of programmes related to these projects. Benefits can be obtained by developing a framework for measuring sustainability and identifying the factors affecting the sustainability of RWSS. This can help to predict sustainability before implementing projects and to take necessary actions to enhance the sustainability during the project implementation stage itself. This conceptual and practice-based study was carried out to develop a framework to assess and compare the sustainability of community-based RWSS and to identify the factors affecting them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document