The use of e-cigarettes and its risk of respiratory diseases

There are increasing concerns about the impact of using e-cigarettes on the overall health and respiratory complications of users. These modalities were proposed to potentially reduce the harmful events that are associated with cigarette smoking. Nevertheless, the acute and chronic effects secondary to the exposure and use of this modality are still controversial. However, it has been demonstrated that using the modality is associated with remarkable damage to lung injury because it releases significant amounts of reactive oxygen species, furans, volatile carbonyls, furans and metals (chromium, lead, and nickel). We have discussed the impact of e-cigarette using and exposure to its aerosol and the development and progression of the different respiratory diseases at the different clinical and pathological levels. Asthma, chronic bronchitis were the most significant lung conditions, and evidence indicated that exacerbation of symptoms was reported in some patients. Furthermore, acute exposure was also associated with the development of respiratory-related symptoms. Accordingly, studies indicated severe inflammatory reactions and significant lung injury were observed among e-cigarette users concerning vaping or exposure. Therefore, further preventive approaches are required by healthcare authorities to increase public awareness of the different hazards of using these modalities.

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Characteristics of Potential Concussive Events in Three Elite Soccer Tournaments

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000719960.65926.65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S10.2-S10

Author(s):

Nicholas Charles Armstrong

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Mechanism Of Injury ◽

Professional Soccer ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

ObjectiveTo determine the characteristics of potential concussive events (PCEs) in professional soccer.BackgroundSoccer players are at risk of sustaining sport-related concussions. The acute and chronic effects of concussive and sub-concussive impacts to the head are potentially detrimental to both players and healthcare systems worldwide. Identifying patterns in the nature and characteristics of these injuries may help sporting organizations understand how to reduce the burden of sport-related brain injuries.Design/MethodsThe present study analyzed the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups (WC), and the 2016 Euro Cup (EC). Between the three tournaments, a total of 179 professional international matches were played. The researchers collected data pertaining to PCEs including mechanism of injury, location on the head, and number of concussion symptoms.ResultsA total of 237 PCEs were identified over 179 matches (1.32 per match, 40.12 per 1,000 hours of exposure). The most common mechanism of injury was elbow-to-head (n = 68, 28.7%), followed by head-to-head (n = 55, 23.2%) and hand/fist-to-head (n = 36, 15.2%). The impact locations most frequently affected were the frontal region (n = 54, 22.8%), followed by the parietal and occipital regions (n = 47, 19.8%), temporal region (n = 46, 19.4%), anterior surface of the mandible (n = 43, 18.1%), and nasal/maxilla region (n = 39, 16.5%). Most players (n = 210, 88.6%) showed two or more signs of concussion.ConclusionsOur study intended to investigate the prevalence, identification and nature of PCEs in professional soccer tournaments. Our findings indicate that different contexts and mechanisms of head contact and contact to different regions of the head can be associated with varying signs of concussion. Ultimately, promoting and enforcing enhanced concussion prevention initiatives in elite soccer can have an impact at all levels of the game. These findings may assist physicians, athletes, soccer organizations and other stakeholders worldwide with the care of injured players and the implementation of new rules and regulations to better protect their players.

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Enhancement of the Acrolein-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Lung Injury by GADD34

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/170309 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yang Sun ◽

Sachiko Ito ◽

Naomi Nishio ◽

Yuriko Tanaka ◽

Nana Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Critical Role ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Damage ◽

Adverse Environmental Conditions

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by lung destruction and inflammation. As a major compound of cigarette smoke, acrolein plays a critical role in the induction of respiratory diseases. GADD34 is known as a growth arrest and DNA damage-related gene, which can be overexpressed in adverse environmental conditions. Here we investigated the effects of GADD34 on acrolein-induced lung injury. The intranasal exposure of acrolein induced the expression of GADD34, developing the pulmonary damage with inflammation and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, the integrality of pulmonary structure was preserved and the generation of ROS was reduced in GADD34-knockout mice. Acrolein-induced phosphorylation of eIF2αin GADD34-knockout epithelial cells by shRNA protected cell death by reducing misfolded protein-caused oxidative stress. These data indicate that GADD34 participates in the development of acrolein-induced lung injury.

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Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians

Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae ◽

10.2478/afepuc-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 182-193

Author(s):

Kacem Abdelhadi ◽

Houar Abdelatif ◽

Zerf Mohamed ◽

Bengoua Ali

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Online Survey ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Italian Version ◽

Sleep Timing ◽

Algerian Population ◽

Significant Change ◽

The Impact

SummaryThis study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.

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Assessment of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Evolution in Different Stages of an Experimental Endometriosis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.6.5678 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1381-1383

Author(s):

Allia Sindilar ◽

Carmen Lacramioara Zamfir ◽

Eusebiu Viorel Sindilar ◽

Alin Constantin Pinzariu ◽

Eduard Crauciuc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Female Rats ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Efficient Treatment ◽

Endometrial Cells ◽

Gynecological Disorder ◽

The Impact

Endometriosis is described as a gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus; extensively explored because of its increasing incidency, with an indubitable diagnostic only after invasive surgery, with no efficient treatment, it has still many aspects to be elucidated. A growing body of facts sustain oxidative stress as a crucial factor between the numerous incriminated factors implicated in endometriosis ethiopathogeny. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) act to decline reproductive function. Our study intends to determine if an experimental model of endometriosis may be useful to assess the impact of oxidative stress on endometrial cells; we have used a murine model of 18 adult Wistar female rats. A fragment from their left uterine horn was implanted in the abdominal wall. After 4 weeks, a laparatomy was performed, 5 endometrial implants were removed, followed by biochemical tissue assay of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, the implants were removed for histopathological exam and biochemical assay of antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes, pointing on significant oxidative stress involvement.

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Antibiotics on Deterioration of Anaerobic Substrate Utilization

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272821666170117095645 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1044-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zeynep Cetecioglu ◽

Derin Orhon

Keyword(s):

Substrate Utilization ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

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Acute, medium and long-term effects of yellow sand and air pollutants on allergy and biomarker search

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2020.3.63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (3) ◽

pp. 63-65

Author(s):

Tomomi Higashi

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Emergency Rooms ◽

Improve Treatment ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Difficulty Breathing ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

Talk to any allergy sufferer and they will tell you how awful it can be. Runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and difficulties breathing. For many these symptoms rise only to the level of annoyance and can be avoided by steering clear of the source of their allergy. What many people don't realise though is that allergies can become a far more serious issue for a large segment of the population. Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to allergies bring many people to emergency rooms and these are just the acute symptoms. Along with the potential for an allergic attack during a windy or dusty day, researchers and medical professionals are beginning to recognise that there are chronic, long term effects associated with allergies. In order to mitigate both the acute and chronic effects of allergies a better understanding of how genetic factors combine with environmental conditions to produce the ranges of symptoms and effects of allergy suffers is needed. Professor Tomomi Higashi, from the Department of Hygiene at Kanazawa University in Japan, is an expert in this field and is currently working to improve treatment and prevention of allergic disease.

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Normothermic Anoxia on Canine Hearts

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.43.5s1.i-44 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 43 (5s1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. MAXIMILIAN BUJA ◽

SIDNEY LEVITSKY ◽

VICTOR J. FERRANS ◽

SHERMAN G. SOUTHER ◽

WILLIAM C. ROBERTS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Effects ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Baroreflexes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.714 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 714-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Gustavo José Justo Silva ◽

Patricia Chakur Brum ◽

Carlos Eduardo Negrão ◽

Eduardo Moacyr Krieger

Keyword(s):

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Chronic Effects ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects

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Hazards for Construction Workers

10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0036 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gavin H. West ◽

Laura S. Welch

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Engineered Nanomaterials ◽

Construction Workers ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.

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