scholarly journals Healthcare for all: scopes and challenges in Indian scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Dipayan Deb Barman ◽  
M. I. Glad Mohesh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Indian Scenario

Health for all may have become a reality in many developed countries but developing economies are still striving hard to achieve that long cherished dream for their people. India as a developing country and as one of the fastest growing economies is also working hard to achieve health for all. There are problems which continue to grapple the Indian health sector services. India has successfully launched various health programs in the past few decades and has achieved success in improving on a few major issues such as maternal and child mortality. India has been declared polio infection free nation by World health organization in February 2012. There is tremendous potential for India to reorganize its health care sector through participation of both public and private sector and developing a competent and trained workforce.  In order to enable the country to grow in all parameters it is important that health for all citizens must be ensured and by doing this India will be able to have a healthy population which will be productive and will therefore effectively contribute to the economic growth of the nation.

Health Economics: Report on a WHO Inter-Regional Seminar. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1975. (Public Health Papers No. 64 ISBN 924 130064). Pp.44.

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Training

The interest of the policy-maker in social sectors is of a recent origin. All aggregative production functions in the past indicated the existence of a residual factor which was generally imputed to qualitative and quantitative advances in education and training. Other social factors like health were not given the attention they deserved. It took a long time before the economic significance of education could fee reflected in policy-making. Still worse is the case of health sector, the study of which has not been seriously done by economic theorists.

THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CODE OF MARKETING OF BREASTMILK SUBSTITUTES: THE SOCIO‐LEGAL CONTEXT

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Code ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Emergency Fund

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, written by the World Health Organization and joined in by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), was passed by the World Health Assembly in mid‐1981. Intended as a model statute for member nations to adopt, it is now at the centre of a controversy that is both complex and dynamic. This controversy is simultaneously one of humanitarianism, community health, business, and — most of all — law. No doubt most readers are familiar with the heated campaigns of the past few years against infant formula distribution in the Third World. Today the weight of public opinion in most developed countries is with the Code, but that does not necessarily imply ultimate adoption and implementation in other countries. This article attempts, while taking no position on the Code's merits, to examine its possible future. Specifically, (1) Will the Code be adopted and implemented? (2) What is the context in which such decisions will be made?

April 20 to 26, 2020 – World Immunization Week

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Third World

Infectious diseases in the modern world continue to claim millions of human lives despite the achievements of medicine. While in developed countries the main cause of death is cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular system, it is the infectious processes that occupy leading positions in the structure of mortality in the third world countries. About 1.7 million children die from infections that could have been avoided by vaccination according to the World Health Organization. In contrast to the countries of Western Europe, where preventive vaccinations for the population are carried out for a fee, preventive vaccination in the Russian Federation is funded by the state. Immunoprophylaxis includes not only prevention of 12 major infections included in the calendar of preventive vaccinations (diphtheria, polio, tetanus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, pneumococcal infections and haemophilus influenzae, influenza), but also vaccination against 17 additional infections in case of epidemiological indications.

Prepayment schemes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Universal Health

This chapter considers two different ways of organizing revenue collection in statutory healthcare schemes: social health insurance and taxation. The two models are commonly referred to as ‘Bismarck vs Beveridge’ after the men associated with the origin of these systems: the first German chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), and the British economist Lord William Beveridge (1879–1963). The differences between these two compulsory prepayment schemes are discussed and compared with private health insurance. Based on a simple diagram introduced by the World Health Organization, three dimensions of coverage are illustrated. Some policy dilemmas are highlighted when attempting to achieve universal health coverage. Finally, various combinations of public and private prepayment schemes are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics, Classifications and Difficulties in the Use of Diagnostic Criteria for Serrated Lesions of the Large Intestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar de Souza Bastos Junior ◽  
Vera Lucia Nunes Pannain ◽  
Adriana Caroli-Bottino
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serrated Adenoma ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Introduction Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal neoplasm in the world, accounting for 15% of cancer-related deaths. This condition is related to different molecular pathways, among them the recently described serrated pathway, whose characteristic entities, serrated lesions, have undergone important changes in their names and diagnostic criteria in the past thirty years. The multiplicity of denominations and criteria over the last years may be responsible for the low interobserver concordance (IOC) described in the literature. Objectives The present study aims to describe the evolution in classification of serrated lesions, based on the last three publications of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the reproducibility of these criteria by pathologists, based on the evaluation of the IOC. Methods A search was conducted in the PubMed, ResearchGate and Portal Capes databases, with the following terms: sessile serrated lesion; serrated lesions; serrated adenoma; interobserver concordance; and reproducibility. Articles published since 1990 were researched. Results and Discussion The classification of serrated lesions in the past thirty years showed different denominations and diagnostic criteria. The reproducibility and IOC of these criteria in the literature, based on the kappa coefficient, varied in most studies, from very poor to moderate. Conclusions Interobserver concordance and the reproducibility of microscopic criteria may represent a limitation for the diagnosis and appropriate management of these lesions. It is necessary to investigate diagnostic tools to improve the performance of the pathologist's evaluation, for better concordance, and, consequently, adequate diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Changing the Present to Help the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Hipple Walters ◽  
Ionela Petrea ◽  
Harry Lando
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

While the global smoking rate has dropped in the past 30 years (from 41.2% of men in 1980 to 31.1% in 2012 and from 10.6% of women in 1980 to 6.2% in 2012), the number of tobacco smokers has increased due to population growth (Ng et al., 2014). This tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure continue to harm people worldwide. Those harmed are often vulnerable: children, those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), those with existing diseases, etc. As noted by the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 80% of those who smoke live in a LMIC (World Health Organization, 2017). Furthermore, it is often those who are more socio-economically disadvantaged or less educated in LMICs that are exposed to second-hand smoke at home and work (Nazar, Lee, Arora, & Millett, 2015).

Impact of a poignant pandemic COVID-19 on Indian Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krati Sethi ◽  
Manas Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Consumption Demand

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused due to a “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 virus” (SARS-COV-2). People who fall ill will experience mild to moderate fever and will retrieve without any special treatment. This pandemic was first seen at Wuhan, China in December 2019. After seen it’s dreadfulness it was declared as a “public health emergency of international concern” (World Health Organization, WHO). As on 1 May 2020 more than 35000 cases have been reported in India resulting in more than 1147 deaths in India till date. It has also led severe socio-economic global disruption. Presently significant slowdown is experienced by Indian economy over the past few quarters.To rectify sluggish consumption demand and investment a numeral of incentive measures has been taken to retrieve the economy towards prosperity. The last quarter of the current fiscal exhibits robust prospect of improvement. However, the new COVID-19 epidemic has contrived the recovery exceptionally arduous in the near to middle terms. The pandemic has thrown new threats for the Indian economy from demand as well as from the supply side. This study is descriptive. The objective of the current study is to find out the impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 on different sectors of our country. In conclusion, this study suggests policy measures to safeguard the Indian economy from the outbreak of it and bring it back on the growth path.

scholarly journals Mental health law in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Jessica Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mental Health Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Organization

During the past 30 years the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has developed an extensive hospital-based mental health system culminating in the passing of a mental health law in 2014. This legislation embodies many of the international standards promoted by the World Health Organization. However, the mechanisms for protecting the human rights of psychiatric patients are neither sufficiently independent nor adequately robust.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural differences in the epidemiology of unexplained fatigue syndromes in primary care

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

BackgroundUnexplained fatigue has been extensively studied but most of the samples used were from Western countries.AimsTo present international data on the prevalence of unexplained fatigue and fatigue as a presenting complaint in primary care.MethodSecondary analysis of the World Health Organization study of psychological problems in general health care. A total of 5438 primary care attenders from 14 countries were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsThe prevalence of unexplained fatigue of 1-month duration differed across centres, with a range between 2.26 (95% CI 1.17–4.33) and 15.05 (95% CI 10.85–20.49). Subjects from more-developed countries were more likely to report unexplained fatigue but less likely to present with fatigue to physicians compared with subjects from less developed countries.ConclusionsIn less-developed countries fatigue might be an indicator of unmet psychiatric need, but in more-developed countries it is probably a symbol of psychosocial distress.

scholarly journals World Health Organization Sub-Types, Initial Treatment Outcome and Prognostic Study of Unselected Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Shanghai: An Analysis of 623 Cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Ma ◽  
X Wang ◽  
X Xu ◽  
G Lin
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Acute Myeloid

This study investigated the complete remission (CR) rate and survival of 623 newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Shanghai, China, classified according to World Health Organization and French–American–British criteria, and compared the differences in treatment effect with those reported in developed countries and those reported in Shanghai from 1984 to 1994. Total CR rate was 66.5%, median survival was 18 months and estimated survival at 3 years was 30.8%. The 3-year relapse rate was 55.1%. These data showed that the CR rate was similar to that achieved in studies from developed countries, but long-term survival was worse. The CR rate and survival were increased markedly compared with data previously collected in Shanghai (1984-1994). Induction chemotherapeutic regimens based on idarubicin, daunorubicin or homoharringtonine all had similar CR rates and survivals. Karyotype was the most important prognostic factor. Multilineage dysplasia in de novo AML was not an independent prognostic factor. Improvement in the long-term treatment effect in China is an important challenge for the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document