scholarly journals Clinicopathological, microbiological and radiological evaluation of deep neck spaces infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
M. Santhosh Reddy ◽  
C. R. Vijay Bharath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Common Source ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Space Infection ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Deep Neck Space Infections ◽  
Deep Neck Infections ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">More and more use of antibiotics and development of new antibiotics have helped in reducing the morbidity associated with “deep neck infections”, but still their incidence is found in the general populations. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment are key. The objective of the study was to study deep neck infections regarding etiological factors, micro-biological features.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A total of 24 patients were identified and diagnosed at S.V.S Medical College and Hospital Mahabubnagar over a period of 3 years, among them 12 patients were picked up at random basis for detailed study.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">It has been observed that the incidence of deep neck space infection was 3% till June 2010 and then it reduced to 1.76% by June 2011 and remained constant till October 2011. Sub-mandibular abscess was the most common in 58.3% of the cases. The most common source of infection of deep neck space infections was odontogenic in 45.8% of the cases. Airway obstruction was seen in 29% of the cases and mediastinitis was seen in only two patients. The most commonly observed organism involved in the deep neck space infections was streptococcus pyogenes in 75% of the cases. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Deep neck space infections though rare, are associated with complications and most importantly antimicrobial resistance. Hence it is very important that these must not be neglected.</span></p>

scholarly journals Deep Neck Space Infections in Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Theophilus Adjeso ◽  
Mawutor Dzogbefia ◽  
Edem Kojo Dzantor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Lethal Complications ◽  
Deep Neck Space Infections ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tamale Teaching Hospital

Background: Deep neck space infections (DNSI) continue to pose a challenge due to its potentially lethal complications that can arise despite the reduced prevalence as a result of widespread antibiotic use and improved dental care. We conducted a review of our experience with DNSI at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Unit, Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis DNSI at the ENT Unit, TTH from January 2013 to June 2020. Parameters analyzed included the age and sex distribution of patients, source of infection, sites involved, duration of admission and outcomes. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 (Chicago, IBM 2010). Results: The study involved 135 cases of DNSIs with age range of 5 months to 76 years (35.7± 19.0 years). Majority of the DNSIs cases occurred within the third decade of life and slightly more common among males (50.4%). The duration of hospital stays ranged from a day to 41 days (10.1± 8.2 days). Multi-space abscesses were the most common diagnosed DNSIs with odontogenic infections (63%) being the most common source of DNSIs. Majority (83.7%) of the patients were successfully treated with a mortality rate of 12.6%. Conclusion: DNSIs was most common among males with patients in their third decade most affected. Odontogenic infections were the most common source of DNSI with multi-space abscesses being the most common presentation. Majority of the patients were treated successfully.

scholarly journals Characteristics Of Patients Of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis Thoracic, Cardiac And Vascular Surgery Subsection Thoracic In Dr. Mohammad Hoesin From 1 November 2019 To 30 November 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-353
Author(s):  
Arisma Putra ◽  
Gama Satria ◽  
Bermansyah ◽  
Ahmat Umar ◽  
Aswin Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Percutaneous Catheter Drainage ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Reduce Mortality Rate ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Percutaneous Catheter ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Background: Acute mediastinitis is an infection of the connective tissue of the interpleural mediastinal space. The infection may spread through the cervical spaces to the mediastinum, via negative intrathoracic pressure and gravity.1 Management of DNM with minimally invasive drainage, namely video-assisted thoracic surgical drainage (VATS),6 mediastinoscopy,7 and percutaneous catheter drainage,8,9 have been widely used. During early 1920s, data showed subsequent to broad-spectrum antibiotics, the mortality rate was about 40%.12 Furthermore, without prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgery, the mortality rate can reach up to 60%.13 Methods: This retrospective study has a descriptive research design. The number of samples is 19 subjects. Results: From January 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020 there were 19 DNM patients. In this study, most DNM patients were male, average age of 39 years, dental abscesses as the most common source of infection, neck exploration and sternotomy were the most common treatment option, most common outcome death, and the most common result of culture was Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusion: Good non-operative and operative management can reduce mortality rate.

scholarly journals Scenario of Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Ram Hari Ghimire ◽  
Sampanna Budhathoki ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Shreewastav
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Source Of Infection

Background: Sepsis has been defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis is an important cause of mortality in intensive care unit worldwide. The study aims to identify the outcome of sepsis patient admitted at tertiary care hospital.Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study on 76 adult patients admitted at intensive care unit of Nobel Medical College with diagnosis of sepsis with an objective of estimating mortality of sepsis and identifying associated symptoms with it. Baseline demographics, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Results: Out of 76 patients with sepsis, mean age of the patients was 50.07±18.15 years. Majority of patients 31.6% with sepsis were above age groups >60 years. The most common symptoms among the patients were fever, which was seen in 69 (90.8%) patients. The most common source of infection in those patients was found to be unknown, which was seen in 36.8% of patients. While analyzing the outcome, it was noted that 25 patients with sepsis (32.9%) died during treatment.Conclusions: Sepsis is related with high mortality. Elderly patients are at more risk. Fever is the commonest presentation and source is not identified in majority of cases. Keywords: Intensive care unit; mortality; sepsis.

scholarly journals 284. Evaluation of Oral Step-Down Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S143-S143
Author(s):  
Sara Utley ◽  
Dawn Bouknight ◽  
Radha Patel ◽  
Kent Stock
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Duration ◽  
Alternate Source

Abstract Background Oral antibiotic stepdown therapy for Gram-negative (GN) bloodstream infection (BSI) appears to be a safe option, though high bioavailability drugs like fluoroquinolones (FQ) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are often recommended without clear evidence demonstrating superiority. Due to increasing concerns of FQ resistance and collateral damage with an increasing community C. difficile rate, our organization sought to reduce overall FQ use and a shift toward oral beta-lactams (BL) was observed. A review was conducted to assess the outcomes of this shift. Methods This retrospective cohort included all patients within our 3-hospital system who had a positive GN blood culture and were transitioned to oral therapy to complete treatment outpatient for bacteremia between Jan 2017-Sept 2019. The primary outcome was recurrent BSI within 30 days of completing initial treatment. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality, 30-day recurrence of organism at an alternate source, 30-day readmission, and 90-day BSI relapse. Results Of 191 GN BSIs, 77 patients were transitioned to oral therapy. The mean age was 68 years, 60% were female. The most common source of infection was described as urine (39/77), intra-abdominal (16/77), unknown (13/77). Mean total antibiotic duration (IV plus PO) was 14 days (range 7–33). Patients received an average of 5 days IV prior to transitioning to PO therapy. The most common PO class was a 1st gen cephalosporin (29/77), followed by BL/BL inhibitor (16/77), and a FQ (13/77). There were no 30-day relapse BSIs observed in this cohort. There was 1 patient discharged to inpatient hospice, and no other 30-day mortality observed. There were 4 recurrent UTIs observed within 30 days, none of which required readmission. Of the twelve 30-day readmissions, 1 was considered by the investigators to be related to the initial infection. Conclusion An opportunity for education regarding duration of therapy was identified. Oral beta lactam use in our limited population appears to be a reasonable option to facilitate discharge. Results should be confirmed in additional, larger studies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Mapping, cluster detection and evaluation of risk factors of ovine toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Condoleo ◽  
Vincenzo Musella ◽  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Source ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Serological Data

Toxoplasmosis, an important cause of reproductive failure in sheep, is responsible for significant economic losses to the ovine industry worldwide. Moreover, ovine meat contaminated by the parasite <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> is considered as a common source of infection for humans. The aim of this study was to develop point and risk profiling maps of <em>T. gondii</em> seroprevalence in sheep bred in Campania Region (Southern Italy) and analyse risk factors associated at the flock-level. We used serological data from a previous survey of 117 sheep flocks, while environmental and farm management information were obtained from an analysis based on geographical information systems and a questionnaire purveyance, respectively. An univariate Poisson regression model revealed that the type of farm production (milk and meat vs only meat) was the only independent variable associated with <em>T. gondii</em> positivity (P&lt;0.02); the higher within-flock seroprevalence in milking herds suggests that milking practices might influence the spread of the infection on the farm. Neither environmental nor other management variables were significant. Since a majority of flocks were seasonally or permanently on pasture, the animals have a high exposure to infectious <em>T. gondii</em> oocysts, so the high within-flock seroprevalence might derive from this management factor. However, further studies are needed to better assess the actual epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in sheep and to clarify the factors that influence its presence and distribution.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigations onCampylobacter jejuniin households with a primary infection

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Oosterom ◽  
C. H. den Uyl ◽  
J. R. J. Bänffer ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Spread Of Infection

SummaryFifty-four Rotterdam patients in which a primary infection withCampylobacter jejunihad been detected (index patients) were compared with 54 control subjects with regard to the consumption and preparation of foods 7 days before onset of illness and the keeping of pet animals. Significantly more index patients than controls had eaten chicken meat (47v. 29;P= 0·0002), particularly at barbecues (14v. 2;P= 0·0015). Marginally more index patients had eaten pork (47v. 39;P= 0·048) or inadequately heated meat (13v. 8), though in the last case numbers were too small to be statistically significant. The consumption of beef or mutton and outdoor eating (other than at barbecues) were essentially the same in both groups. There was no significant association with the keeping of pet animals, although a few more index patients had cage birds than controls (18v. 12).Twenty-one (15%) of 130 household contacts of index patients also suffered from diarrhoea during the same period. Circumstantial evidence pointed to a common source of infection with the index patient in 13 instances (nine households) and probable intrafamilial spread of infection in six instances.Campylobacters were isolated from one of 110 swabs of kitchen work surfaces and eight of 107 swabs taken from lavatory bowls in index households.

scholarly journals Cerebral malaria in children : an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
M Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antimalarial Therapy ◽  
Neurological Presentation ◽  
Supportive Management ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe neurological presentation of acute falciparum malaria. It is a medical emergency, the hallmark of which is the presence of coma probably due to diffuse encephalopathy. A compromised microcirculation with sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes is central to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The death is unacceptably high even with effective antimalarials in tertiary care hospital. The mainstay of treatment of cerebral malaria include prompt diagnosis and early institution of effective antimalarial therapy, recognition of complications, and appropriate supportive management in an ICU. Neurological sequlae are increasingly recognized, but further research on the pathogenesis of coma and neurological damage is required to develop other ancillary treatmentsNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(2) 2015: 45-47

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Monitoring Microbiological Growth on Medical Implants

2008 ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
Louise M. Oliver ◽  
E. T. McAdams ◽  
P. S.M. Dunlop ◽  
J. A. Byrne ◽  
I. S. Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Powerful Analytical Tool ◽  
Catheter Surface ◽  
Intravascular Catheters ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are defined as infections that are neither present nor incubating when a patient enters the hospital (Bourn, 2000). Their effects vary from discomfort to prolonged or permanent disability and they may contribute directly or substantially to a patient’s death. HAI’s are estimated to cost the National Health Service (NHS) in England £1 billion annually (Bourn, 2000) with as many as 5,000 patients dying as a result of acquiring such an infection (Anon, 2001). Not all hospital-acquired infections are preventable but Infection Control Teams believe that they could be reduced by at least 15%, with yearly savings of £150 million (Anon, 2001). Central intravascular catheters have been found to be a common source of infection. Catheters can become infected via a number of different routes with the infection proliferating in multiple areas along the catheter surface. It has been reported that over 40% of the identified micro-organisms causing hospital-acquired infection were Staphylococci, an organism that is typically found on the natural skin flora (Bourn, 2000).

Simultaneous norovirus outbreak in three Portuguese army bases in the Lisbon region, December 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. jramc-2019-001242
Author(s):  
António Lopes-João ◽  
J R Mesquita ◽  
R de Sousa ◽  
M Oleastro ◽  
C Penha-Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Stool Specimens

IntroductionNorovirus outbreaks frequently occur in communities and institutional settings acquiring a particular significance in armed forces where prompt reporting is critical. Here we describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial investigation of a multicentre gastroenteritis outbreak that was detected simultaneously in three Portuguese army units with a common food supplier, Lisbon region, between 5 and 6 December 2017.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to all soldiers stationed in the three affected army units, and stool specimens were collected from soldiers with acute gastrointestinal illness. Stool specimens were tested for common enteropathogenic bacteria by standard methods and screened for a panel of enteric viruses using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Food samples were also collected for microbiological analysis. Positive stool specimens for norovirus were further genotyped.ResultsThe three simultaneous acute gastroenteritis outbreaks affected a 31 (3.5%) soldiers from a total of 874 stationed at the three units and lasted for 2 days. No secondary cases were reported. Stool specimens (N=11) were negative for all studied enteropathogenic agents but tested positive for norovirus. The recombinant norovirus GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney was identified in all positive samples with 100% identity.ConclusionsThe results are suggestive of a common source of infection plausibly related to the food supplying chain. Although centralisation of food supplying in the army has economic advantages, it may contribute to the multifocal occurrence of outbreaks. A rapid intervention is key in the mitigation of outbreak consequences and in reducing secondary transmission.

scholarly journals Self-Medication Practices in Surrounding Communities of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Bahadur Parajuli ◽  
Anjali Mishra ◽  
Heera KC ◽  
Prem Bhattarai ◽  
Sharad Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Self-medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders/symptoms, or the intermittent/continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic/recurrent disease/symptoms (WHO). It is the cause for antibiotic resistance, inappropriate treatment, financial burden and many deaths. WHO listed self-medication as one of the priority research area at the local context. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence and pattern of self-medication in surrounding communities of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the surrounding communities of Birat Medical College from 1st August 2018 to 15th December 2018. Multistage sampling was used to collect information from 348 household having family members aged 16 years and above. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Birat Medical College. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.5±15.9 years. Prevalence of self-medication was 44.04%. Majority took self-medication for headache 43.6% followed by common cold 39.1% etc. Majority used allopathic drugs 82.7% followed by traditional healers 9.8%. Common medication were antipyretics 18.8%, antibiotics 16.5%, proton pump inhibitor 7.5%, antihistamines 6.8% etc. The reason behind self-medication were low cost 30.1%, time saving 24.1%, illness too trivial/mild for consultation 18.8%, quick relief 18.1%, high doctor fee 15 %, lack of awareness 13.5 %,  familiar with treatment options 12.8%, long waiting line in hospital 12% etc. Out of them 8.3% noticed side effects of self-medication. Out of all 59.5% felt the need of awareness program on rational use of medicines. Age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, religion, education and occupation of participants, education and occupation of head of household, poverty status, family type, house residence type, type of house has no significant association with self-medication. Participants residing in alani/rent households were 1.93 times more likely to self-medicate than those residing in their own and participants having negative attitude were 1.90 times more likely to self-medicate than those who had positive attitude and both were statistically significant.  Conclusions: The burden of self-medication was present and allopathic drugs including antibiotics were common. Adverse drug reactions were reported but participants were unaware about the place to report. Participants had negative attitude towards self-medication which is harmful for their health. As pharmacy was the common source of self-medication, the prescription based medicine dispensary should be advocated.

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