scholarly journals Clinicopathological profile and treatment outcomes of patients presenting with epistaxis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Southern railway headquarters hospital, Chennai

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Thirupathi K. ◽  
A. P. Preetham ◽  
Musarrat Feshan
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Clinicopathological Profile ◽  
The Right

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis (nose-bleed) is one of the commonest emergencies presenting to an otolaryngological emergency that affects up to sixty per cent of the population in their lifetime; in this, six per cent needs medical care.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital-based cross-sectional study carried between October 2018 to January 2020 in the department of ENT at Southern Railway Headquarters Hospitals, Perambur, Chennai.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the subjects was 47.76±23.01. Females were less affected compared to males with 1.68:1 male: female ratio. The results of ENT examination/anterior rhinoscopic examination revealed that all 153 (100%) subjects had anterior epistaxis and 5 (3.27%) had posterior epistaxis. 143 (93.46%) had deviated nasal septum. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed that 90 (58.82%) had deviated nasal septum to the left, and 55 (35.94%) had to the right. The majority of subjects, i.e., 86 (56.21%), were managed conservatively, followed by 52 (33.99%), 5 (3.27%), and 1 (0.65%) patient were given treatment with anterior nasal packing, anterior and posterior nasal packing, and cauterization respectively. Whereas 9 (5.88%) subjects needed a surgical mode of treatment to manage their epistaxis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings revealed that the incidence was high in elderly individuals, with male preponderance over females. Anterior epistaxis more commonly occurred in comparison to posterior epistaxis. Our research supports the conservative management methods’ credibility in the epistaxis treatment. The practice of simple nasal packing is the commonest conservative approach that has a high rate of success. As a result, this method will be the best choice for epistaxis management.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of septal deviation in newborns: an institutional based cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Deep Jyoti ◽  
Pallvi Sharma ◽  
Ashu Jamwal ◽  
Arti .
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Routine Examination ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common condition with various factors affecting its occurrence. The study was aimed to find the prevalence of DNS in newborns.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the SMGS hospital, GMC Jammu. A sample size of 200 newborns, less than 7 days of age were included in the study. 200 newborns in the postnatal wards were examined in the present cross-section observational study including the age ranging from 1 day to 5 days.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Prevalence of DNS in the present study was 29%. 103 babies were born to the primipara mothers out of which 39 (37.86%) had DNS while only 19 (19.58%) out of 97 babies born to the multipara mothers had the DNS. The newborns with higher birth weight had higher incidence of having DNS. 41.17% of the newborns with weight of &gt;3 kg had DNS as compared to those in 2 to 2.5 kg group (17.28%) and &lt;2 kg group (11.76%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>DNS is a common finding since birth which may persist in later life. Routine examination of the newborns specifically regarding the nose should be done to detect the septal deviations at earliest so that active intervention can be done when required.</p>

scholarly journals CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF DEVIATED NASAL SEPTUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Shambhu Sharan Gupta ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Surgery

Deviated nasal septum is a common condition, which is quite often asymtomatic, but may present with persistent morbidity in some. In this prospective cross sectional study, 100 patients with deviated nasal septum were included who were symptomatic. 48 patients needed surgical intervention while 52 were managed conservatively. Results were compared on follow up. 96% cases reported improvement in nasal obstruction post surgery, compared to 79% following conservative management.

Distribution and Characteristics of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in TB/HIV Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Payam Mehrian ◽  
Abtin Doroudinia ◽  
Moghadaseh Shams ◽  
Niloufar Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hilar Adenopathy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Abnormalities

Background: Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy (ITLN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients may have various etiologies and prognoses. Etiologies of ITLN can be distinguished based on the distribution of enlarged lymph nodes. Sometimes tuberculosis (TB) is the first sign of underlying HIV infection. Objective: We sought to determine ITLN distribution and associated pulmonary findings in TB/HIV co-infection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, chest CT scans of 52 patients with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed for enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (>10 mm in short axis diameter), lymphadenopathy (LAP) distribution, calcification, conglomeration, the presence of hypodense center and associated pulmonary abnormalities. LAP distribution was compared in TB/HIV co-infection with isolated TB infection. Results: Mediastinal and/or hilar LAP were seen in 53.8% of TB/HIV co-infection patients. In all cases, LAP was multinational. The most frequent stations were right lower paratracheal and subcarinal stations. Lymph node conglomeration, hypodense center and calcification were noted in 25%, 21.4% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. LAP distribution was the same as that in patients with isolated TB infection except for the right hilar, right upper paratracheal and prevascular stations. All patients with mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: All patients with TB/HIV co-infection and mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Superior mediastinal lymph nodes were less commonly affected in TB/HIV co-infection than isolated TB.

HIV Prevalence and Frequency of Risk Behavior in Injecting Drug Users Entering Treatment and Out of Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Five Italian Cities

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Stefania Salmaso ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
Giovanna Brancato ◽  
Alessandra Anemona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Male To Female

We conducted a study to describe current patterns of drug-related behaviors, and to identify characteristics that may distinguish injecting drug users entering treatment from those out of treatment, in five Italian cities. Overall, 1,180 subjects were recruited — 568 entering treatment and 612 out of treatment. Male to female ratio was 6.6:1. The median age was similar in the two groups. A high proportion of injecting drug users recruited out of treatment had been in treatment at least once. HIV prevalence among injecting drug users entering treatment was not higher than that of those who were out of treatment. Furthermore, a large proportion of injecting drug users who still were out of treatment reported having adopted safe behaviors. The results of the study emphasize the need to implement outreach programs aimed at harm reduction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the virtual guide on eye self-examination in the context of HIV/AIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennara Candido Nascimento ◽  
Maria Alzete Lima ◽  
Paulo Cesár de Almeida ◽  
Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of a virtual guide with a view to promoting eye health. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with 130 HIV/AIDS patients from an ambulatory unit between May and August/2010. The data was collected through interviews and observation, using three forms that addressed the socioeconomic profile, understanding and performing the virtual guide eye self-examination. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ² and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. It was considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: The virtual guide was positively evaluated in the categories of understanding and adequacy of text illustrations. There was statistically significant difference between the tests performed with this virtual guide (p=0.036). Comparing the results obtained by participants and researchers, we observed similarities in the findings (p>0.140), excepting only the evaluation of the right eyelid. CONCLUSION: The virtual guide helped developing proper eye self-exam, enabling people to notice alterations in their eyes.

scholarly journals Clinico-Hematological and cytogenetic spectrum of adult myelodysplastic syndrome The first retrospective cross-sectional study in Iranian patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Paridar ◽  
Kazem Zibara ◽  
Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Khosravi ◽  
Maral Soleymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trisomy 8 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities

Abstract Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancy, has been shown to present different cytogenetic abnormalities, risk factors, and clinico-hematological features in different populations and geographic areas. Herein, we determined the cytogenetic spectrum and clinico-hematological features of Iranian MDS patients for the first time. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 103 patients with MDS in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran, from 2014 to 2018. Clinical presentations, complete blood counts (CBC), and bone marrow (BM) biopsy samples were assessed. Perls' staining was used to evaluate BM iron storage. The cytogenetic evaluation was performed using the conventional G banding method on the BM. Results Patients’ median age was 62.3 (ranged from 50–76), and the majority were male (72.8%). The most common clinical symptom at the time of admission was fatigue (n = 33) followed by pallor (n = 27). The most common subgroup was MDS-Multi Lineage Dysplasia (MDS-MLD) (n = 38, 36.8%), followed by MDS-Single Lineage Dysplasia (MDS-SLD) (n = 28, 18.4%). A normal karyotype was observed in 59 patients (57.3%), while 44 patients (42.7%) had cytogenetic abnormalities. Trisomy 8 (+ 8) was the most common cytogenetic abnormality (n = 14) followed by dell 17p (n = 9) and monosomy 7 (-7) (n = 7). Twelve patients (11.65 %) were transformed to AML. Conclusion Our data betokened that among our MDS patients, Trisomy 8 is the predominant cytogenetic abnormality, and MDS-MLD and MDS-SLD are the most common of subtypes. Noteworthy, the male: female ratio was slightly higher in Iran than in previous reports from other parts of the world. Our study is the first report of the clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic spectrum of MDS patients in Iran

scholarly journals Nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Hyder M. Mahgoub ◽  
Omar E. Fadlelseed ◽  
Ammar H. Khamis ◽  
Jalal A. Bilal ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
More Care ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Background: Adolescents, especially girls, are susceptible to malnutrition and their diet must be adequate to support their very rapid growth and development. Currently, there is little published data on the nutritional state amongst adolescent girls in Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan during the period of January-February 2015. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured using blood samples, and blood films for malaria and stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO 2006 reference values. Copper and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption. Results: Twenty-five (13.7%) out of 183 girls were stunted. Seventy (38.3%) were thin; 17.5, 9.3 and 11.5% had mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively. Only 10 (5.5%) and six (3.3%) girls were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.0%. While there was no significant difference in the haemoglobin, ferritin, copper levels and thinness; thin children had significantly lower zinc (P=0.007). Conclusions: There is a high rate of stunting, thinness and anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan. More care has to be taken in order to provide a better nutrition status in the area.

scholarly journals Organ donation perception and beliefs: a cross sectional study amongst degree college students and teachers in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Shreya Sodhani ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
The Right

Background: Studies have shown that there is a lack of understanding about deceased organ donation. An adequate knowledge and the right attitude towards organ donation helps create a positive influence on people which may increase the organ donation rate. Since young students are less prejudiced and easily accept new ideas, it is necessary to educate the youth about organ donation through their teachers. At the same time, it is imperative to train teachers who will be responsible for spreading awareness so that they can include this topic in their lessons.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among the degree college teachers and students in Mumbai city from November 2017- January 2018, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Using purposive sampling, teachers and students of degree colleges in Mumbai were approached, out of which 40 students and 40 teachers consented to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the pre-existing understanding, beliefs, perception and attitude about deceased organ donation.  Results: Limited number of degree college teachers and students were aware of the various terminologies related to organ donation. Organ donation definition was correctly answered by 23 teachers (57.5%) and 17 students (42.5%). The correct meaning of brainstem death was known to 19 teachers (47.5%) and 2 students (5%). There are certain misconceptions and perceptions about deceased organ donation among both the teachers and the students. 13 teachers (32.5%) and 16 students (40%) believed that donor family will be revealed about the recipient’s details. 7 teachers (17.5%) and 18 students (45%) were of the opinion that government provides monetary support to donor families. decision of organ donation after death rests on relatives was known to 33 teachers (82.5%) and 21 students (52.5%). About 6 teachers (15%) and 18 students (45%) wrongly believed that if conflicts arise between relatives’ organs can still be donated. There’s no possibility of buying /selling of organs in India was known 27 teachers (67.5%) and 31 students (77.5%). About 34 teachers (85%) and 31 students (77.5%) wanted to pledge for organ donation after death. 90% teachers and 80% students said they think deceased organ donation awareness should be incorporated in the education curriculum.Conclusions: 85% of the study subjects (both teachers and students) felt the need of intensifying organ donation awareness programmes. Thus, organ donation awareness should be effectively incorporated in the educational curriculum.

scholarly journals Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Epilepsy in Childhood: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study from Sudan

2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting around 1% of children. The incidence in Sudan is likely to be higher given the high rate of genetic disorders related to consanguity and acquired disorders caused by CNS infection and birth injury. Epilepsy can be idiopathic or non-idiopathic, symptomatic epilepsy indicates a known cause while cryptogenic epilepsy implies a presumed unknown cause. Objective: To understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of epilepsy in children in the setting of a tertiary epilepsy clinic in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: This is a hospital-based cross sectional study recruiting patients with epilepsy attending a tertiary pediatric neurology clinic. All patients attending the clinic in the 6 month period were included. Data was collected by medical students and was analyzed on IBM SPSS Version 20.0 in a descriptive fashion. Results: 284 Children were recruited. The mean age for children with epilepsy was 5.74 (range 0-12 Years). Females constituted 59.9%; while 94.7% of patients were of low socioeconomic status. The most common type of seizures found were generalized tonic clinic at 51.8% (147/284), followed by focal seizures at 21.1% (60/284). 71% of our patients (201/284) had no identifiable cause (idiopathic), while 29% were non-idiopathic. Of the non-idiopathic group; 41% were due to congenital anomalies, followed by HIE at 24.1%, infections at 16.9% trauma at 10.8% and tumors at 7.2%. Only 18.3% (52/284) had a positive family history of epilepsy. Conclusions: There appears to be a higher incidence of epilepsy in Children with low socio – economic status with a slight female predominance. The incidence of idiopathic epilepsy appears to be similar to inter-national figures. We recommend broader community based and long-term studies for better understanding of epilepsy in Sudan.

POLYMORPHOUS LIGHT ERUPTION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS – A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Jerriton Brewin C ◽  
Brinda G David ◽  
Roshni Menon
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Polymorphous Light Eruption

BACKGROUND In many parts of the world, polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is the commonest cause of photosensitivity. Previous studies have suggested the association of PLE with multiple autoimmune diseases. Few studies are available suggesting the association of PLE with autoimmune thyroiditis. We have undertaken this study to conrm such an association and to predict which cases of PLE are likely to have hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with comparative group with 75 PLE cases and 75 controls. Thyroid function test (TFT) was done for all subjects and, if found abnormal, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were tested. The studied parameters were compared using Pearson's chi-squared test for signicance. RESULTS The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis were signicantly present in PLE cases. PLE lesions with papular morphology, persistent and recurrent PLE, positive family history and associated other autoimmune diseases were signicantly associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. CONCLUSION PLE is signicantly associated with hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. Hence we suggest screening of PLE patients for hypothyroidism and, if required, for autoimmune thyroiditis for early diagnosis and treatment.

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