A Study on the Clinicopathological Profile of the Cases of Colorectal Carcinoma

Aim: To assess the clinicopathological details of patients with colorectal cancer in a tertiary care centre in India and compare it other studies reported in the literature. Study Design: This is a retrospective study conducted on all the patients who were admitted in the period of 2017 to 2020. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai. The data was processed and the manuscript was prepared between June 2020 and January 2021. Methodology: Patient details were collected from the histopathology records and the parameters studied were age, gender, tumour site, histological type, differentiation and tumour stage of the colorectal carcinoma. The sampling was done using the complete enumerate sampling method. The patients diagnosed histopathologically as colorectal carcinoma were included in our study. Results: A total of 51 patients had been admitted in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 in our institute. There was a female predominance among the patients. The mean age of the patients was lesser than the mean age of colorectal cancer cases in other studies which have been reported in the country. The most common tumour site was rectum in both the sexes and the most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma. The most common histological differentiation was moderate differentiation. Conclusion: The increased incidence in younger patients as compared to previous studies may be attributable to the lifestyle and dietary changes.

A Retrospective Study of Adipocytic Tumours Received at a Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: Adipocytic tumours comprise a large proportion of the vast histomorphological spectrum of soft tissue tumours. They range from benign lipomas to malignant liposarcomas with an entire range of various histological sub-types in between. Liposarcomas account for 15-20% cases of soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed. They are characterized with a high recurrence rate, progression to higher grade with time making their correct and prompt diagnosis imperative. Aims: To analyze the clinicopathological profile of adipocytic tumours received at a tertiary care center over a period of three years. To determine the distribution of adipocytic tumours among different age groups and gender. To ascertain the most common site of occurrence/organ involved. To determine the most common histopathological subtypes among the benign and malignant adipocytic tumours. Study Design: Retrospective Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, between July 2017-June 2020. Methodology: All cases of adipocytic tumours (218) inclusive of both resection and biopsy specimens received during the study period were included and their case records were accessed. The demographic details were obtained from the case records at the Medical Records Division and the histomorphological findings from the histopathology registers at the Department of Pathology. Results: In this study, from a total of 20,767 specimens received at our tertiary care center during the period of study, 1.05% (218) were adipocytic tumours, of which 97.25% (212) were benign lipomas and 2.75% (6) were malignant liposarcomas. Out of the total number of malignant tumours (1050) received during the period of study, 2.95% (31) were soft tissue sarcomas, out of which 19.35% (6) cases were liposarcomas. Among the liposarcomas received at our center, 50% (3) cases were well differentiated liposarcoma, 33.3% (2) cases were pleomorphic liposarcoma and 16.7% (1) cases were dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

FML/QuilA-Vaccinated Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum: Serum Cytokines, Clinicopathological Profile, and Parasitological Parameters

Dogs are the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum in endemic regions. Canine leishmaniasis, caused by L. infantum, can progress to a chronic disease resulting in death. Vaccines have been developed with a certain degree of success. The pathogenesis of this disease is not completely understood, especially in previously vaccinated dogs. We herein described clinical data, parasite load, serum levels of cytokines, and the reservoir potential in vdogs vaccinated with the fucose-mannose ligand (FML)/QuilA saponin vaccine (Leishmune™) naturally infected (Vi) and compared to vaccinated not infected dogs (Vn). Thirty-four dogs from private owners were divided into two groups: vaccinated/infected and vaccinated/uninfected. Clinical evaluation, hematological and biochemical parameters, and serum levels of cytokines were measured by conventional methods. The parasite burden in the bone marrow was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, and the transmissibility of parasites to sand flies was assessed by xenodiagnosis. Clinical, biochemical, and hematological parameters of vaccinated infected dogs were mostly normal. Vi dogs developed mild disease with low clinical scores. Serum levels of IL-10 were higher in Vi dogs, and a strong correlation was observed in IL-4 levels and the A/G ratio in Vi dogs. These results suggest a role of TH2 response in Vi dogs, although more data is needed to better understand the disease in vaccinated dogs.

Clinicopathological profile of paediatric vitellointestinal duct anomalies

Background: Vitellointestinal duct (VID) or Omphalomesenteric duct (OMD) is the embryonic connection between the yolk sac and the primitive midgut. Anomalies result from failure of the involution of the VID. Normally, it obliterates between the fifth and seventh weeks of fetal life. They include Meckel’s diverticulum (MD), fibrous band, fistula, sinus tract, cyst, and umbilical polyp. Symptomatic cases require surgical correction. They are characterised by different clinical presentations and histological appearances. This study gathers a single paediatric institutional experience of VID remnants, their demographic, clinical profile, varied histomorphology including the presence of ectopic tissues. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to retrospectively review all the symptomatic cases of VID abnormalities at a tertiary pediatric referral hospital. The demographic profile, clinical presentation, and histopathology were reviewed and descriptively analyzed. We classified these anomalies based on embryology and histology. The findings of this study will provide insights to pathologists and treating clinicians less exposed to these rare lesions. Materials and Methods: Data was retrieved retrospectively from the pathology records of a tertiary paediatric referral institute for 3 years. Histological slides of VID anomalies were reviewed and a descriptive analysis of the findings was performed. A thorough review of the literature was also done on these very rare lesions and their findings compared to our results. Results: A total of 60 cases of VID anomalies were encountered during the study period. There was significant male preponderance. The most common age group at surgery was infancy. MD was the commonest VID anomaly. The least common was vitelline fistula and only a single case was encountered in the study period. Ectopic tissues were seen in 25% of the cases and included gastric and colonic mucosae and pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: The histopathology of VID anomalies provides an interesting diagnostic experience for the reporting pathologist. Awareness of the embryology, presentation and histology of these lesions aids in accurate diagnosis.

Clinicopathological Profile and Outcome of Dengue Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Introduction: Diverse manifestation of recent dengue outbreak has posed a challenge to pre-existing nature of dengue virus infection and management. This study was designed to observe clinicopathological profile and analyze the diverse presentation and outcome of dengue syndrome in recent outbreak in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a hospital based observational study, carried out in Medicine department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka cantonment in between May and September 2019. Total 300 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases aged more than 11 years presenting within 7 days of symptom onset were studied. Patients who presented 7 days after the onset of symptoms or those who were transferred to other hospitals were excluded from study. Results: Total patients were 300 with male predominance (187, 62.3%) and mean age±SD was 37.6±7.5years with age range 12 to76 years; common presentations were fever (300, 100%),headache (265, 88.3%), skin rash (197, 65.7%), bodyache (186, 62.0%),vomiting (152, 50.7%), diarrhoea (65, 21.7%),abdominal pain (58, 19.3%), and bleeding manifestation (36, 12.0). Eighty four (28%) patient had classical dengue fever (DF), 61 (20.3%) had dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), 45(15%) had dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and 110(36.7%) had expanded dengue syndrome(EDS). Relevant investigations showed 157(52.3%) patients had leukopenia,18(6%) had leukocytosis, 254(84.7%) had thrombocytopenia with lowest platelet count 1x109/L,135(45%) had abnormal ALT, 110(36.7%) had abnormal AST, 84(28%) had hyponatraemia,43(14.3%) had AKI,125(41.7%) had pleural effusion with 36(12%) bilateral;102(34%) had ascites, 25(8.3%) developed acalculous cholecystitis;7(2.3%) patient developed cerebrovascular accident. Eighteen (6%) patients required mechanical ventilation and 15 (5%) patients required haemodialysis. Regarding outcome, 5 (1.7%) patients died and 295 (98.3%) patients survived. Conclusion: Dengue fever was presented with common as well as other features and involved a number of organs including liver, kidneys, brain, pleura, peritoneum, and gall bladder and had diverse manifestations and adverse outcome. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39: 213-219

Clinicopathological profile and treatment outcomes of patients presenting with epistaxis: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Southern railway headquarters hospital, Chennai

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis (nose-bleed) is one of the commonest emergencies presenting to an otolaryngological emergency that affects up to sixty per cent of the population in their lifetime; in this, six per cent needs medical care.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital-based cross-sectional study carried between October 2018 to January 2020 in the department of ENT at Southern Railway Headquarters Hospitals, Perambur, Chennai.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the subjects was 47.76±23.01. Females were less affected compared to males with 1.68:1 male: female ratio. The results of ENT examination/anterior rhinoscopic examination revealed that all 153 (100%) subjects had anterior epistaxis and 5 (3.27%) had posterior epistaxis. 143 (93.46%) had deviated nasal septum. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed that 90 (58.82%) had deviated nasal septum to the left, and 55 (35.94%) had to the right. The majority of subjects, i.e., 86 (56.21%), were managed conservatively, followed by 52 (33.99%), 5 (3.27%), and 1 (0.65%) patient were given treatment with anterior nasal packing, anterior and posterior nasal packing, and cauterization respectively. Whereas 9 (5.88%) subjects needed a surgical mode of treatment to manage their epistaxis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Findings revealed that the incidence was high in elderly individuals, with male preponderance over females. Anterior epistaxis more commonly occurred in comparison to posterior epistaxis. Our research supports the conservative management methods’ credibility in the epistaxis treatment. The practice of simple nasal packing is the commonest conservative approach that has a high rate of success. As a result, this method will be the best choice for epistaxis management.</p>

Clinicopathological Profile of the von Willebrand Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre in Varanasi

Objective The von Willebrand disease (vWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders in India; however, the diagnostic tests and its interpretation require specialized laboratory and personnel which are not readily available in the eastern part of North India. The purpose of this study is to estimate the relative prevalence of vWD and study the clinical and laboratory features including advanced diagnostic tests. Methods All patients referred to the pathology department for evaluation of bleeding were evaluated for vWD during a period of 4 years. Clinical and laboratory features were analyzed and reported. Results A total of 1,126 cases of bleeding manifestations were evaluated, and 237 cases of inherited bleeding disorders were diagnosed; vWD was diagnosed in 38 (16%) of these 237 cases. Advanced diagnostic tests were done in all of these cases. Conclusion The vWD is among the most common inherited bleeding disorders in the country, second only to hemophilia A. Type-1 vWD was the most frequent with 25 cases (65.7%), followed by type-2N with 7 cases (18.4%).