scholarly journals The anesthesiologist and Covid-19 endocrinopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Devyani Desai ◽  
Heena Chhanwal
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
Primary Disease ◽  
Cardiac System ◽  
Second Wave

Covid-19 disease created a havoc since 2019, affected large number of number of people over worldwide. As the second wave is receding, we will be receiving patients with the long-term effects of Covid-19 for the surgeries either for their primary disease or for the complications arising from the Covid-19. Primarily, the Covid-19 is a disease affecting the pulmonary and cardiac system, many other systems including renal, hematology, central nervous, endocrine etc. also damaged with the same. Various endocrine glands are being involved in Covid-19 disease like pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenals, reproductive system etc. as they are highly expressed with ACE. This may even lead to the permanent damage. Because of the unfamiliarity with the disease, plausible impact on the endocrine functions is still unclear. This article elaborates various endocrine manifestations of SARS Cov and SARS Cov-2 for better understanding and management of Covid-19 recovered patients.

Role of cyclic AMP in the action of dopaminergic D2 receptors of some endocrine glands in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Abu-Jayyab ◽  
Ezz-Eddin S. M. El-Denshary ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Ageel ◽  
Mohamed Rafik Dakkak
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
D2 Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Presence And Absence

Short-term and long-term effects of bromocriptine mesylate (10 mg/kg i.p.) on cyclic AMP contents of the liver and some endocrine glands have been investigated in the presence and absence of sulpiride (10 mg/kg i.p.). Results revealed that bromocriptine caused significant elevations in the cyclic AMP contents of the liver and reduction in its adrenocortical content. Bromocriptine effect on the adrenal cortex was antagonized by sulpiride, whereas its effect on the liver was not changed. Bromocriptine did not change the, cyclic AMP content in the thyroid gland or the ovary.

Long Term Effects of Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on Male Rats' Reproductive System

Andrologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.A. SOD-MORIAH ◽  
U. SROR ◽  
D. SHEMI ◽  
G. POTASHNIK ◽  
R. CHAYOTH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-term effects of electromagnetic radiation of the mobile phone frequency on the morphofunctional state of the reproductive system of rats and males and their offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
N. V. Chueshova ◽  
F. I. Vismont
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

The experiment established the long-term effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone (EMR MP 1745 MHz, xpd = 7.5 ± 0.3 μW/cm2) in the offspring of male rats from parents, one of which was either subjected to a prolonged exposure of the investigated factor. A change in the sex ratio of the born offspring and a decrease in their body weight have been established. The analysis of the reproductive system of the offspring of males when they reached the age of 2 and 4 months, revealed significant impairments, with the most pronounced changes found in the offspring obtained from both the irradiated parents or when only the male was irradiated. These changes are manifested in the disruption of the normal functioning of the spermatogenic epithelium, namely, an intensification of the initial stage of spermatogenesis is noted, with a significant inhibition at the stage of spermatid transformation. A decrease in the number of mature germ cells – spermatozoa and a pronounced deterioration of their viability, as well as an increase in testosterone secretion is established. The revealed violations in the morphofunctional state of the reproductive system of the offspring suggest that the trans-generation effect of EMR exposure generated by cellular sources can be considered as a factor affecting the decline in the male fertility.

scholarly journals Influence of Fetoplacentary Insufficiency of Mothers on the State of Spermatogenesis of Male Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Seliukova ◽  
◽  
K. V. Misyura ◽  
D. V. Morozenko ◽  
R. V. Dotsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
The State ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Testosterone Levels

The demographic situation in most countries of the European region, which includes Ukraine, is characterized as quite complex. Nowadays the question of the long-term effects of maternal fetoplacental insufficiency on the functioning of human body systems, in particular on the reproductive system of male offspring, remains open. It is known that negative factors during pregnancy can affect the development and existence of the individual. The purpose of the work was to study the long-term effects of fetoplacental insufficiency on the functioning of the reproductive system of adult male offspring born by mothers of different ages. Material and methods. The study was performed on healthy adult female Wistar rats, young (3 months) and mature (10 months) of reproductive age. 4 groups were formed: the 1st and the 2nd groups included intact animals of young and mature age; the 3rd and the 4th had females with experimental fetoplacental insufficiency of young and mature reproductive age. Modeling of fetoplacental insufficiency was performed by daily subcutaneous injection to females from the 12th to the 18th day of pregnancy 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight. We studied the state of spermatogenesis, weight of internal organs, sex hormones in mature male offspring of 3 months of age after decapitation. Results and discussion. Fetoplacental insufficiency leads to lower testosterone levels in all offspring born to mothers of different reproductive ages. The total level of estradiol remained almost unchanged, but still, in animals there was a shift in the ratio of sex hormones in the direction of hyperestrogenism. Experimental fetoplacental insufficiency in females of different reproductive ages also affected the mass of the testes, epididymis and adrenal glands in their male offspring. According to the indicators of the functional state of epididymal sperm in animals born by reproductively young females, the share of pathological forms of sperm decreased by 45%, in the offspring born by reproductively mature females with fetoplacental insufficiency decreased the number of motile sperm by 46% compared to the intact group of animals. Conclusion. The penetration of toxic substances into the mother's body leads to varying degrees of total xenobiotic load, followed by induction of neutralization reactions and the development of metabolic forms of fetoplacental insufficiency, changing the function of the endocrine system and causing adverse effects on the reproductive system. Fetoplacental insufficiency affects the reproductive function of adult male offspring born to mothers of different reproductive ages, which is manifested in a decrease in testosterone levels and deterioration of the spermogram, which in turn can lead to problems with impregnation

Testicular Changes in Newborn Rats Exposed to Phototherapy

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koç ◽  
H. Altunhan ◽  
A. Dilsiz ◽  
A. Kaymakçi ◽  
S. Duman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fertilization Rates

In this study we investigated the long-term effects of 72-h continuous phototherapy on the reproductive system of newborn rats. The animals' weight, fertilization rates, and number of newborn and histopathological changes in the gonads in a normal group not exposed to phototherapy and in the test animals were compared. At the age of 24 weeks there were no significant differences between the two groups, apart from the histology of the testicles of the male rats who were exposed to the phototherapy. The study group showed a significantly reduced diameter of the seminiferous tubules when compared to the controls ( P < 0.001). It can be postulated that phototherapy may cause histological degenerative changes in the structure of the rat's testes, even though there were no changes in fertilization rates. Further studies are necessary to reveal the effects of phototherapy on humans and to determine the effects, if any, on fertility.

Blockade of the neonatal increase in testosterone by a GnRH antagonist: the free androgen index, reproductive capacity and postmortem findings in the male marmoset monkey

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Lunn ◽  
G M Cowen ◽  
H M Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract Male marmoset monkeys which had received gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist treatment as neonates to block the postnatal increase in testosterone were studied, with the object of determining potential long-term effects of treatment on the reproductive system, including tests of fertilising capacity. To obtain information on the nature of the circulating testosterone during this neonatal period, sequential blood samples were collected from a further control group of ten neonates, aged between birth and 3 months, and from 11 adult, normally fertile males, to examine the relative proportions of free, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound, and non-SHBG-bound testosterone. In control neonates, 11% of the circulating testosterone was free, and a further 19% non-SHBG-bound, and therefore presumed to be biologically available. The remaining 70% was SHBG-bound and considered to be biologically inert. This indicates that the neonatal increase in marmoset testosterone has a biological function. After pairing with females, time to first positive vaginal lavage and first delivery was similar for females, whether they were with control or treated male partners. Pregnancy outcome, in terms of number of young delivered and sex ratio, did not differ. This indicates that there appear to be no long-term sequelae in terms of procreative ability in male marmosets treated neonatally with a GnRH antagonist. Autopsy revealed no gross changes, except in the thymus, which was significantly heavier in the treated group. These results indicate that, although the circulating testosterone is in a biologically active form during the neonatal period, inhibition of testicular function in the neonate is without major effect on the adult male reproductive system. Treatment with a GnRH antagonist may have long-term effects on the immune system. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 125–131

scholarly journals Synopsis of symptoms of COVID-19 during second wave of the pandemic in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prafull Kamble ◽  
Vandana Daulatabad ◽  
Nitin John ◽  
Jyoti John
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
The People ◽  
Alveolar Collapse ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract COVID-19 was caused by the original coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV2), which originated in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 had a large breakout of cases in early 2020, resulting in an epidemic that turned into a pandemic. This quickly enveloped the global healthcare system. The principal testing method for COVID-19 detection, according to the WHO, is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Isolation of patients, quarantine, masking, social distancing, sanitizer use, and complete lockdown were all vital health-care procedures for everyone. With the ‘new normal’ and vaccination programmes, the number of cases and recovered patients began to rise months later. The easing of restrictions during the plateau phase resulted in a rebound of instances, which hit the people with more ferocity and vengeance towards the start of April 2021. Coronaviruses have evolved to cause respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases, resulting in a wide range of diseases and symptoms such as fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle ache, headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, hemoptysis, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anosmia, and ageusia. Coronavirus infections can be mild, moderate, or severe in intensity. COVID-19 pulmonary dysfunction includes lung edoema, ground-glass opacities, surfactant depletion, and alveolar collapse. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea had a higher risk of negative outcomes. COVID-19’s influence on cognitive function is one of COVID-19’s long-term effects. More clinical situations need to be reviewed by healthcare professionals so that an appropriate management protocol may be developed to reduce morbidity and death in future coming third/fourth wave cases.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the Endocrine System – a mini-review

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A Clarke ◽  
Ali Abbara ◽  
Waljit S Dhillo
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
System A ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

Abstract The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to exert a significant impact on global healthcare systems, causing devastating mortality and morbidity. As time passes and our understanding of this novel respiratory virus deepens, it is increasingly clear that its effects extend beyond that of the respiratory system. The coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, obtains cellular access through the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a process requiring the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) protein. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are widely expressed in many endocrine glands. This, along with several case reports of thyroid and pituitary disruption in patients with COVID-19, has resulted in significant interest in its impact on the endocrine system. Indeed, as mortality is abated by the increasing availability of effective vaccines, there is increasing focus on the long-term effects on health in COVID-19 survivors. This review summarises data investigating the effects of COVID-19 on each of the endocrine axes to guide appropriate investigations and optimal management.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Smart COVID-19 Approach to Lockdown and its Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Mubbasher Munir ◽  
Osama Aziz ◽  
Rada Alhajj ◽  
Asif Sanaullah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

COVID-19 is a new and contagious disease that has changed human lifestyle and habits globally according to the directions provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until some authentic remedy or vaccine becomes available, every country is providing instructions to its public to follow precautionary measures. These measures may include lockdown, social distancing, restricting movement, and educating public about COVID-19. Lockdown is the most applied and successful way to control the virus spread and it remains helpful in curtailing the spike. However, it adversely affects developing countries like Pakistan. All types of lockdown disrupt the life of the poor and the middle class. In this paper, an intelligent-smart approach is suggested for developing countries as against complete lockdown to handle the pandemic. This approach will show the long-term results needed for controlling COVID-19 without creating any major disturbance in the economy. In this paper, evidence based approaches were used to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of the daily increasing number of cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The results showed that Sindh, which has the maximum number of COVID-19 cases, is better in implementing smart lockdown as compared to other administrative regions of Pakistan. As the risk of the second wave of COVID-19 is enhanced, it would be effective to continue the intelligent-smart approach with mild SOPs to avoid the disastrous effects of COVID-19 in the future. Received Date: May 14, 2020, Last Received:  December 10, 2020 Acceptance:  December  25, 2020  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document