scholarly journals To study the immunization status of children aged 1-5 years admitted to department of pediatrics, Lala Lajpat Rai & Associated Hospitals, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Neeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Upper Middle Class

The Present study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Lala Lajpat Rai & Associated Hospital GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. All the children aged between 1-5 years, admitted in Department of Pediatrics were asked to participate in this study. Information regarding vaccination, socio-demographic factors was collected from their parents and care takers. Accuracy and validity of information were confirmed by immunization card in possible situation and inspection for BCG scar. Hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study.In upper class, 100% of children were completely immunized. In upper middle class, 80.8% children had complete and 19.1% partial immunization status. No one remained unimmunized in upper middle class. In lower middle class, 33.9% of children were completely immunized, 59.6% partially immunized and 6.4% remained unimmunized.Children who were 1stin birth order, had maximum immunization coverage (44.8%). Minimum immunization coverage was in birth order >4 (3.2%). P value is <0.001, indicates the significant relation between birth order and immunization status. As birth order increased, immunization coverage decreased. In this present hospital based descriptive cross –sectional study, we found that 51.2% children were fully immunized, 45.6% were partially immunized and 3.2% children were unimmunized as per National immunization schedule. Children belonging to upper class were 100% completely immunized. In upper middle class 80.8% children in lower middle class 33.9%, in upper lower class 55.7% and in lower class 50.9% children were completely immunized respectively. In lower class immunization coverage was higher than lower middle class. Droprate for BCG to pentavalent 1 was 10.64%, similarly dropout from BCG to measles was 12.7%. Dropout rate of pentavalent 1 to pentavalent 2 was 1.4%, pentavalent2 to pentavalent3 was 2.6%. It indicates that system is not able to hold the child once registered. Steps for improvement should focus on reducing the drop rate from BCG to pentavalent and measles.

scholarly journals Study on Superstitions Related to Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Zinia Sultana ◽  
Liza Chowdhury ◽  
Nahid Reaz Shapla
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Education Group ◽  
The Status

Background: During pregnancy, there are many superstitions throughout the world, especially in the developing countries like Bangladesh. Objective: This study was aimed to know the status of superstitions related to pregnancy among people. Methodology: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient of department in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to March 2018 for a period of three months. Total 96 persons were recruited after taking verbal consent. Result: Among the study group having at least one superstition was in 69.8% of total participants showing in figure 1. In 25 to 40 years of age group the superstitions were more common and it was 85.0% showing in table1. On the educational background, illiterate group having more superstitions 81.13%, primary education group 65.21%, SSC 50% and above SSC 33.33% showing in table 3. On the basis of gender, male (58.233%) and Female (71.42%) were superstitious in at least one superstition. On the basis of socioeconomic status, lower class 92.72%, lower middle class 54.54% and middle class 21.05% were superstitious in at least one superstition. On the basis of occupation, housewives (89.90%), students (16,66%), service holder(30%) and farmer(50%) having at least one superstitious. On the basis of religion; the superstitious individuals were Muslim 59%, Hindu 97%, and others 67.16%. Conclusion: Superstitions related to pregnancy are very common in Bangladesh. Superstitious are more related to illiteracy, low socioeconomic condition and with house wives who remain inside. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(2): 172-176

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Bangladesh: Impact of Socio-economic Factors, Food Intake, and Micronutrient Supplementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy

Anaemia during pregnancy is a major health problem throughout the world. The prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is 41.8% globally and 46% in Bangladesh. It affects both the mother and the baby simultaneously. Women often become anaemic during pregnancy because the demand for iron is increased due to the physiological need for pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Savar Gonoshasthaya Kendra project area in Dhaka district. Ninety-Five pregnant women of different gestational ages were selected purposively. Haemoglobin level was estimated by cyanomeath haemoglobin method in the laboratory of Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College Hospital, Savar. Among 95 pregnant women, 41.1% was in 20-24 years age group. The mean age of the respondents was 23.74 years. In terms of socio-economic status, 54.7% of the respondents came from lower middle-class family. 7.4% of the respondents had no formal education, 54.7% had primary level education and only 6.3% had higher education. Maximum of the respondents (88.4%) were housewife. This study revealed that the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 51.6%. Among 51.6 % of the anaemic respondents, 23.2% were mildly anaemic, 26.3% were moderately anaemic and 2.1% were severely anaemic.

scholarly journals Using a mobile application (“PrimaKu”) to promote childhood immunization in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Nurhaeni ◽  
Siti Chodidjah ◽  
Robiyatul Adawiyah ◽  
Astuti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Attitudes ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
The Government

Background: Universal immunization coverage among children in Indonesia is low compared to the global target. Many children in Indonesia are not fully immunized as recommended by the government, which results in a high mortality rate. The government has developed a mobile application (PrimaKu) to provide information on vaccinations and reminder features. However, the successful use of the immunization features of the app has not been widely studied.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the use of PrimaKu on maternal attitudes toward immunization and complete basic immunizations status among Indonesian children aged 12 to 24 months.Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted at a public health center in West Java Province, Indonesia, from August to December 2020. Convenience sampling was used to select the respondents. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and analyzed using binomial logistic regression.Results: A total of 119 mothers were included. About 44.5% of children had a complete basic immunization status. Mothers who had a supportive attitude toward immunization were 3.58 times (95% CI 1.49-8.57, p 0.003) more likely to complete the basic immunization, and those who used the mobile app were 3.23 times (95% CI 1.18-8.87, p 0.034) more likely to complete the immunization. Conclusion: Using the PrimaKu mobile application could increase maternal attitudes toward immunization and complete basic immunization status. Therefore, public health nurses should provide comprehensive education and improve mothers’ literacy to use the application.Funding: This study was funded by Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a tribal village near Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtra border

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Mukesh S. Bawa ◽  
Amol D. Kinge ◽  
Ananta Borde ◽  
Sarika Patil ◽  
Shriram Gosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Background: Diarrhoeal diseases represent a major health problem in developing countries. Conservative estimates place the global death toll from diarrhoeal diseases at about two million deaths per year (1.7 - 2.5 million deaths), ranking third among all cases of infectious disease death worldwide. The prime purpose of an outbreak investigation is to control the outbreak, limit its spread to other areas and assess how preventive strategies could be further strengthened to reduce or eliminate the risk of such outbreak in future.Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study of epidemic occurred in Khetiya village, Dist Barwani (MP), population of 67,500 during 17 October 2016 to 17 November 2016. All the cases reported within last one week around the market place village in Khetiya, presenting with symptoms and signs of AGE (as per standard case definition of IDSP) and willing to participate in the investigation.Results: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.Conclusions: Males were 56.96%, & female cases were 43.03%. Majority of the study subjects lied between 20-40 years. The mean age was 30.15±5 years. Majority of the cases belonged to lower middle class SES (38%). 87% population was tribal, 48% cases were labourers, 42% were farmers and 10% were others.

scholarly journals Awareness of ultrasonography among antenatal mothers attending the tertiary care hospital in Bundelkhand region of UP

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Amit Mohan Varshney ◽  
Samarjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetric Department

Background: Ultrasound examination during pregnancy has become an integral part of antenatal care throughout the world. This technology is an important tool for the obstetricians, to reassure their patients regarding the well-being of their fetus in utero. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness of USG among pregnant women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending the ANC clinic of Obstetric department of MLB Medical College Hospital, Jhansi, UP from March to May 2018. The study included 300 pregnant women and data was collected by using pre tested questionnaire.Results: The study reveals that 51.3% of participants were in the age group of 20-25 yr and 50% of them belong to upper lower class, most of them unskilled (83.4%), 63.3% of participants depicted that USG is done only to confirm the pregnancy and 81% of women considered that it is beneficial during pregnancy and 65% was known that USG can be used to determine sex of the foetus.Conclusions: Awareness regarding the uses of ultrasonography during pregnancy was found to be average. There is need to create more awareness in community about the USG uses and PCPNDT act and its provisions. There is need of creating more awareness about the safety, utility and frequency of USG during antenatal period to avoid misuse.

scholarly journals A study on postnatal care and its correlates among recently delivered women visiting to BRD medical college Gorakhpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Chandra Tiwari ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Maximum Sample Size ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Allowable Error

Background: Postnatal care is crucial in maintaining and promoting the health of the woman and the newborn baby. Despite the known benefits of the postnatal care, there are many access and utilization barriers to care. The present study was conducted on postnatal care and its correlates among recently delivered women visiting to BRD Medical College Gorakhpur. Methods: For present cross-sectional study recently delivered women (RDW) defined as a post natal woman who had a baby between two months to six months of age at the time of data collection were taken as the study subjects. Complete post natal care was considered if RDWs had received post natal check-up (Post natal day -1, day-3, day-7,) along with immunization of child with BCG, OPV and three doses of DPT/Pentavalent vaccine. Sample size was calculated as 275 by using the formula 4PQ/L2 with an allowable error (L) of 20% including 10% extra for non/incomplete responders. The proportion of women receiving postnatal care was considered as 50.0% as by this proportion maximum sample size is arrived. Results: A total of 269 recently delivered women (RDW) were taken as the study subjects. They belonged to age group 19-29 year (Mean age 23.7±6.7 year), either educated up to 12th standard and only few were graduate or post graduate. Majority of them belonged to middle or lower middle class. Conclusions: Postpartum care utilization was associated with socioeconomic status, antenatal care received or not, planned pregnancy or not. Interestingly, access to care was not perceived as a top reason for not obtaining PPC. 

Familial Bathing Patterns: Implications for Cases of Alleged Molestation and for Pediatric Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Alvin A Rosenfeld ◽  
Bryna Siegel ◽  
Robert Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incest Taboo ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Upper Middle Class

In a cross-sectional study of how 576, upper-middle class children were socialized around bathing behaviors, families were found to be variable in their handling of bathing practices. But as a group, children were found to bathe alone more frequently as they grew older, and parents were found to bathe less frequently with the child of the opposite sex, particularly as children grew older. It was uncommon for mothers to bathe or shower with sons older than 8 years of age or for fathers to bathe or shower with daughters older than 9 years of age, although most had stopped before that age. This cross-sex aversion may be a reflection of the incest taboo. Several suggestions are made about the development-related changes in bathing practices identified in the study.

scholarly journals Frequency of Extracranial Complications of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Md Harun Ar Rashid Talukder ◽  
Md Monwar Hossain ◽  
Md Tariqul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Idrish Ali ◽  
Mujibur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Extracranial Complications

Objectives: To see the way of presentation of extracranial complication, relationship between socio-economic conditions and extracranial complication of chronic suppuration otitis media.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. The diagnosis was made by detailed history, clinical examination & investigation. Analyzed data was presented by various tables.Results: In this study male (59%), lower class people (57%), age 11-20 years, rural (66%) and less educated patients were more affected. Having bath in the ponds and rivers suffers more. Clinical presentation of CSOM with complications were aural discharge (100%), hearing impairment (94%), post auricular swelling (15%), pain in the ear (21%), postauricular discharge (27%) and mass in the EAC (12%). Here found aural discharge mostly malodorous and scanty, attic perforation and cholesteatoma. Post auricular abscess most common (47%) extracranial complication and labyrinthitis was the lowest (3%). Atticoantral variety was more common (89%) than that of tubotympanic disease (11%).Conclusion: From the review of the series we found the frequency & types of extracranial complications arising from CSOM and known the current epidemiological data. It can produce awareness among all level of medical practitioners and enhance prompt diagnosis and treatment.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(1): 3-8

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breastfeeding and infant milk substitutes among mothers of upper middle-class society in a baby friendly hospital initiative accredited hospital of New Delhi, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Maansi Gangwal ◽  
Bindu T. Nair ◽  
Varun Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is considered a major public health intervention to promote both child and maternal health. Introduction and awareness of infant milk substitutes among mothers appear as a threat to this important practice.Methods: The study is an observational cross-sectional study using a questionnaire containing socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted among 300 mothers who reported to immunization clinic and paediatrics OPD of a BFHI accredited hospital in Delhi. Data collected in the study has been analysed using SPSS version 21.0 and MS-Excel. Student ‘t’ test for quantitative variables and ‘chi square test’ for categorical variable have been used for statistical significance. p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: In this study 78.7% mothers intended to breastfeed. 71.3% knew that breastfeeding should be continued up to 2 years and 96.3% knew exclusive breastfeed should be given till 6months. Major source of knowledge were doctors and elders of society. However, 49.6% mothers started breastmilk substitutes before 6 months of age. Major causes that appeared as barriers against exclusive breastfeeding were insufficient quantity of milk (23.4%), child refusal (61%) and maternal health problems (15.6%).Conclusions: Despite good knowledge about breastfeeding among upper middle-class mothers, practice of exclusive breastfeeding remains suboptimal. There is a need for more reinforcement upon importance of breastfeeding, its benefits for both mother and baby so as to foster the practice.

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