A novel method using 3D CBCT to assess anterior malar prominence among native Bangalore population- A descriptive study

There is a lack of accurate three-dimensional studies to locate malar prominence for specified population, this study aims to locate the malar prominence using stable landmarks using CBCT. To derive a novel method to accurately locate the malar prominence and to assess and compare the malar prominence between males and females among Bangalore population using 3D CBCT study. All CBCT scans of study subjects belong to Bangalore population were collected from the pre-existing data available in Radiology imaging Solutions (CBCT centre), Bangalore during the period of September 10th to October 10th 2020. This is a descriptive study. A total of 42 subjects including 21 Males and 21 females were assessed using full skull CBCT scans which were converted to DICOM format and reconstructed into 3D images using NEMOCEPH 3D software. Landmarks used to locate the malar prominence were Fzs, Z, Zm and Ans. The intersection of these landmarks is considered to be as constructed maxillozygion(My). For the accuracy of the constructed Maxillozygion point (My), the distance between the actual Maxillozygion (Mzy) and constructed Maxillozygion (My) is measured and calculated between left and right halves of males and females. Three Orthogonal planes constructed were Midsagittal, Axial and Coronal Planes and the linear measurements with reference to all three reference planes in both the groups are measured. Student paired t- Test, Independent Student t Test, Mann Whitney Test. The mean distance from Mzy and my between right and left half of the face was compared using student paired t- Test. There is no significant difference (p=0.35).The mean values of the constructed anatomical landmark (maxillozygion) coordinated to three orthogonal planes between right and left sides of the face is compared using student paired T test and for both the genders (males and females) was compared using Independent Student t Test, and it is significantly higher in males as compared to females and it is statistically significant at (p=0.01). The location of malar prominence using CBCT by a novel method for Bangalore population is found which can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning for malar augmentation, camouflage treatment in subjects with midface deficiencies.

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Serum Folate Measurement by Chemiluminescence in Patients with Paraproteinaemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.4193.4193 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 4193-4193

Author(s):

Lisa J Wakeman ◽

John O Lewis ◽

Keith Morris ◽

Ann Benton ◽

Roger C Munro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Serum Folate ◽

Albumin Concentration ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Variable Regions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Normal Controls ◽

Paired T Test

Abstract Introduction: Paraproteins cause interference in many assays systems due to increased viscosity and/or by non-specific binding to either analytes or reagents which may variably affect the results. There is abundant evidence to indicate that performance characteristics of automated, competitive protein-binding assays for folate assays are normally sound, but there is a paucity of data comparing folate assays in patients with paraproteinaemia compared to normals. Method: Serum samples were prepared from venous blood taken into Greiner Vacuette containers (code: 456018) in fifty patients with paraproteinaemia (IgG Kappa, n = 20: IgG Lambda, n = 9: IgM Kappa, n = 6: IgM Lambda, n = 4: IgA Kappa, n = 5: IgA Lambda, n = 3: multiclonal, n = 3). Serum folate assays were measured according to manufacturer’s instructions on Beckman-Coulter Access and Abbott Architect haematinics analysers on the day of sample collection. Results: The ratio of means of serum protein concentrations in the paraprotein sub-groups compared to the mean values of age/gender related reference ranges were: IgG = 1.57: IgM = 7.8: IgA = 6.3. Serum albumin concentration was normal in all patients. Mean serum folate results (±1SD) for paraprotein patients and normals controls (laboratory personnel) are shown in the table below: Serum Folate (μg/L) Access Architect paired t-test Normal controls (n = 50) 5.98 (±3.57) 5.01 (±3.14) p<0.05 Paraprotein patients (n = 50) 5.08 (±2.79) 5.01 (±3.03) p0.700 When analysed using the paired-t-test serum folate was significantly different in normal subjects using the Access compared to the Architect. However, no such significant difference between the two systems was observed in the paraproteinaemia group. Although the mean serum folate in normals was higher compared to the paraprotein group as analysed by the Access, this difference was not significant when analysed using the two-sample t-test. Interestingly the mean serum folate when analysed in the two groups using the Architect gave identical mean values. There were no statistically significant differences between the two methods in any of the paraprotein sub-types (p>0.05 in each case). Conclusions: The complex and variable mixture of proteins present in paraproteinaemias pose potential erroneous measurement in immunoassay systems. This is because they may interfere with the associated antigen-antibody reactions which are dependant on complimentary matching shapes being assumed by the antibody variable regions of the immunoglobulin. Despite this, our data using two distinct chemiluminescence analysers for folate measurement indicate no statistically significant difference for this parameter between patients with paraproteinaemia compared to normal controls. However, it has yet to be determined whether differing results between these two groups are generated using different analytical techniques.

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AB0100 EVALUATION OF PGA LEVEL FOR CLINICAL REMISSION WITH BOOLEAN CRITERIA, 10MM OR 20MM?

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1078.1-1079

Author(s):

I. Yoshii

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Patient Group ◽

Clinical Remission ◽

Global Assessment ◽

Activity Index ◽

T Test ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Remission Criteria ◽

The Mean

Background:Patient’s global assessment (PGA) is one important component of Boolean composite criteria for remission in treat with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, PGA no more than 10mm is sometimes obstacle to attain clinical remission. In recent few years, one opinion that PGA no more than 20mm may be comparable as no more than 10mm.Objectives:The aim of this study is to analyze how difference of these PGA level affect disease activity and daily activities in living, and evaluate which is optimal for the remission with Boolean remission criteria from real world setting.Methods:RA patients who were followed up for more than three years in the institute were picked up in the study. Each patient was monitored with tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), PGA, evaluator’s global assessment (EGA), serum C-reactive protein level (CRP), calculated disease activity score with simplified disease activity index(SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and pain score using visual analog scale (PS-VAS) every consulted time from the first encounter (Baseline). Patients were classified according to achievement of Boolean remission criteria. Group 1: a patient group who attained Boolean remission wih TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦1 (G-1), Group 2: a patient group who could not attained the Boolean remission used in the G-1 evaluation, but could attained another Boolean remission with TJC≦1, SJC≦1, CRP≦1mg/dl, and PGA≦2 (G-2), and Group 3: a patient group who could not attain Boolean remission for neither criterion.Mean values of measured parameters at Baseline and after the Baseline were compared statistically with Student T-test. Mean values of the same parameters in the G-1 and G-2 at the time of attain Boolean remission for each criteria, mean values of each of these parameters thereafter, and changes of these parameters were compared statistically with Student T-test.Results:A total of 438 patients 385 in the G-1 group, 16 in the G-2 group, and 37 in the G-3 group, were recruited. In parameters at Baseline, level of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, and HAQ-DI in the G-1 was significantly lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant differences in any parameters demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. Level of HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after Baseline in the G-1 was lower than in the G-3, whereas no significant difference of these parameters after Baseline demonstrated between in the G-2 and G-3. TJC, SJC, PGA, and EGA demonstrated significant less level in the G-1 than in the other two groups. The mean SDAI score at the time of first achievement of Boolean remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 1.08 and 2.57, respectively. The mean value of SDAI score after remission in the G-1 and G-2 were 3.35 and 6.44, respectively. These values and PS-VAS including change of the SDAI score demonstrated significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01), whereas HAQ-DI in the two groups demonstrated no significant difference.Conclusion:These results suggested that setting PGA as no more than 10mm should be reasonable for the evaluation of clinical remission with the Boolean criteria.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2021.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3780-3784

Author(s):

P.Vani ◽

◽

Sharan B Singh M ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

T Test ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Functions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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A comparison between orthodontic model analysis using conventional methods and iModelAnalysis

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p173-178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Vita Previa Indirayana ◽

Gita Gayatri ◽

N. R. Yuliawati Zenab

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Model Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Normality Test ◽

Time Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Dental Casts

Background: Model analysis constitutes an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnostic practice. Pavan has developed an application to simplify the mathematical calculations employed in orthodontic model analysis. Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the differences in results and time periods of model analysis using conventional means and iModelAnalysis. Methods: The research represented a comparative analytic study. The populations comprised dental casts dating from 2014 in the Orthodontics Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The samples comprised 31 dental casts which were subjected to a total sampling method consisting of two treatments; a conventional method calculation and one using iModelAnalysis. A normality test was conducted and processed using a paired t-test with α=0.05. Results: The means of arch length discrepancies were 1.64±2.63 mm and 1.37±3.07 mm for the conventional methods and 1.65±2.43mm and 1.42±3.04mm for iModelAnalysis. The results of a Bolton analysis for conventional methods were 78.05±2.69% and 91.93±1.29%, while those for iModelAnalysis were 77.91±2.70% and 91.96±2.13%. A Howes analysis of conventional methods produced a result of 45.56±2.83%, while for an iModelAnalysis one of 45.56±2.85%. Pont analysis for conventional methods was 39.35±0.04 mm and 49.17±2.55 mm, while for iModelAnalysis it was 39.35±0.07 mm and 49.19±2.57mm. The mean of the duration of analysis using conventional methods was 1703.81±56.46 seconds, while for iModelAnalysis it was 990.06±34.87 seconds. A normality test confirmed that the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). The results of a paired sample t-test with p>0.05 showed that there was no significant difference between the results of each analysis, while there was significant difference in the time period of analysis. Conclusion: There was no difference in the analysis results. However, there was difference in the time period of analysis between conventional methods and that of iModelAnalysis.

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In Vitro Comparison of Marginal and Internal Fit of Zirconia Copings Fabricated by One CAD/CAM System with Two Different Scanners

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v18i2.5432 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Khamverdi1 ◽

Elmira Najafrad ◽

Maryam Farhadian

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Marginal Fit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam ◽

Zirconia Crowns ◽

Monolithic Zirconia ◽

The Mean ◽

Internal Fit ◽

Paired T Test

Objectives: Marginal and internal fit of restorations are two important clinical factors for assessing the quality and durability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated monolithic zirconia restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM zirconia crowns with two different scanners (i3D scanner and 3Shape D700). Materials and Methods: Twelve extracted sound human posterior teeth were prepared for full zirconia crowns. Two different extraoral scanners namely i3D scanner and 3Shape D700 were used to digitize type IV gypsum casts poured from impressions. The crowns were milled from presintered monolithic zirconia blocks by a 5-axis milling machine. The replica technique and MIP4 microscopic image analysis software were utilized to measure the marginal and internal fit by a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The mean marginal gap was 203.62 μm with 3Shape D700 scanner and 241.07 μm with i3D scanner. The mean internal gap was 192.30 μm with 3Shape D700 scanner and 196.06 μm with i3D scanner. The results of paired t-test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two scanners in marginal fit (P=0.04); while, there was no statistically significant difference in internal fit (P=0.761). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that type of extraoral scanner affected the marginal fit of CAD/CAM fabricated crowns; however, it did not have a significant effect on their internal fit.

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Accuracy of printed models obtained from intraoral scanning

Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry ◽

10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2021.182995 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Igai ◽

Washington Steagall Junior ◽

Pedro Tortamano Neto

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Experimental Models ◽

T Test ◽

Physical Models ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Mean Values ◽

Intraoral Scanning ◽

Linear Distance ◽

The Mean ◽

Master Model

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of two methods for the manufacturing of physical models: I) intraoral scanning and resin-printed models; and II) addition silicone impression and gypsum model. Materials and methods: A dental manikin was used as the master model and compared with five gypsum models (g1) and five resin printed models (g2) by analyzing linear measurements at four sites (M1, M2, M3, and M4) using an image measuring instrument. The mean values of the experimental models were compared to those of the master model using one-sample t-test. The samples of each group at the same site were compared with an independent t-test. For all tests, a significance level of 5% (0.05) was considered. Results: The confidence intervals from M1, M2, and M4 sites for both gypsum and resin models presented statistically lower linear distance when compared to the reference values. At m3, the mean value for the gypsum models was not statistically different from the reference mean value (p > 0.05); however, resin-printed models presented a statistically different mean value (p < 0.05), as well as lower values of linear distance. Conclusions: When compared to gypsum models, resin- printed models differed greatly from the master model, indicating the need for standardizing the printing protocol, for its variables may influence printed models accuracy.

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Perbandingan Efektivitas Penyuluhan Demam Berdarah Dengue dengan Metode Role Play dan Metode Permainan Simulasi terhadap Perilaku Ibu tentang DBD di Kecamatan Medan Deli

Nommensen Journal of Medicine ◽

10.36655/njm.v7i1.470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Novita Hasiani Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Test Score ◽

Role Play ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

T Test ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia is a “re-emerging infectious disease”. DHF can be prevented by vector control. Human behavior is very influential on dengue vector control, namely the cleanliness of the house and activities. In 2017, DHF cases in Indonesia were 59,047 cases. In North Sumatra Province, there were 5,327 cases, in Medan City as many as 1216 cases, with Medan Deli District as the sub-district with the most cases, with 100 cases. Objective: This study aims to see the improvement of mother's behavior by using the roleplay method and simulation games. Methods: The research is a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design. The target population is mothers who live in Medan Deli District. The selection of research subjects by purposive sampling, with the number of subjects in each group is 15 people. This study uses the method of role play and games as a comparison method, with a questionnaire as a measuring tool. Paired t-test to see the increase in the mean of each group, and unpaired t-test to see the difference in the mean value. Results: The results of the paired t-test data analysis found that these two methods showed significant results, with p values of 0.000 and 0.001 with a mean increase in the role play method of 1.40 and the game method of 1.53. The unpaired t-test was found to have a significant difference between the average post-test scores between the role play method and the game method, the mean post-test score for the role-play method was found to be lower than the post-test score for the game method. Conclusions: Counseling using the role play method and games provides significant results in increasing maternal behavior about DHF. The game method shows a greater average increase than the role play method.

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Comparisons of Proximal Vergence Measures

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2020.6.3.p252 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 252-263

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

T Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Vergence Eye Movement

Background: Proximal vergence is defined as a vergence eye movement subtype driven by an “awareness of nearness”. The purpose of this experiment was to compare values of proximal vergence calculated with and without measures of accommodation to assess the clinical utility of each measurement method. Methods: Thirteen participants between the ages of 22 and 37 (mean = 28.5 ± 4.5 years) were enrolled. The distance and near heterophoria were measured using the Modified Thorington technique. The near heterophoria was measured under three randomized viewing conditions (no lenses, +1.00D lenses, +2.50D lenses). Refractive error was measured with an autorefractor. Proximal vergence was calculated as the difference in calculated (far-near) and gradient (+1.00) stimulus AC/A ratios (stimulus AC/A differencing method), the difference in calculated and gradient response AC/A ratios (response AC/A differencing method), and the change in vergence from distance to near with the +2.50D lenses (uncorrected +2.50D method). This latter value was also corrected for any active accommodation with +2.50D lenses (corrected +2.50D method). Results: The mean proximal vergence values (Δ) were 7.82 ± 5.98 (stimulus AC/A differencing method), 8.29 ± 3.30 (response AC/A differencing method), 6.23 ± 3.52 (uncorrected +2.50D method), and 5.13 ± 2.98 (corrected +2.50D method). The only comparison that showed both a significant correlation (p<0.05) and a non-significant difference from the paired t-test (p>0.05) was that between the stimulus AC/A differencing method and the uncorrected +2.50D method. Conclusions: When response accommodation was accounted for, differences occurred in the mean proximal values obtained with the various methods. The means of the methods most likely to be used clinically (stimulus AC/A differencing method and uncorrected +2.50D method) were similar, although some individuals demonstrated significant differences between these methods.

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Neurocognitive outcome and ventricular volume in children with myelomeningocele treated for hydrocephalus in Uganda

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2009.7.peds09136 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 564-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Benjamin Warf ◽

Solomon Ondoma ◽

Abhaya Kulkarni ◽

Ruth Donnelly ◽

Miriam Ampeire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spina Bifida ◽

Ventricular Volume ◽

T Test ◽

Neurocognitive Outcome ◽

Mean Values ◽

Vp Shunt ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Neurocognitive Outcomes ◽

The Mean ◽

Better Than

Object Despite lower failure and infection rates compared with shunt placement, it has not been known whether endoscopic third ventriculostomy/choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) might be inferior in regard to neurocognitive development. This study is the first to describe neurocognitive outcome and ventricle volume in infants with hydrocephalus due to myelomeningocele that was treated primarily by ETV/CPC. Methods The modified Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) test was administered to 93 children with spina bifida who were 5–52 months of age. Fifty-five of these children had been treated by ETV/CPC, 19 received ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, and 19 had required no treatment for hydrocephalus. Raw scores were converted to scaled scores for comparison with age-corrected norms. Ventricular volume was assessed by frontal/occipital horn ratio (FOR) calculated from late postoperative CT scans. The mean values between and among groups of patients were compared using independent samples t-test and ANOVA. The comparison of mean values to population normal means was performed using the single-sample t-test. Linear regression analyses were performed using BSID scores as the dependent variables, with treatment group and ventricular size (FOR) as the independent variables. Probability values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results . There was no significant difference in mean age at assessment among groups (p = 0.8). The mean scale scores for untreated patients were no different from normal (all p > 0.27) in all portions of the BSID (excluding gross motor), and were generally significantly better than those for both VP shunt–treated and ETV/CPC groups. The ETV/ CPC-treated patients had nonsignificantly better mean scores than patients treated with VP shunts in all portions of the BSID (all p > 0.06), except receptive communication, which was significantly better for the ETV/CPC group (p = 0.02). The mean FOR was similar among groups, with no significant difference between the untreated group and either the VP shunt or ETV/CPC groups. The FOR did not correlate with performance. Conclusions The ETV/CPC and VP shunt groups had similar neurocognitive outcomes. Neurocognitive outcomes for infants not requiring treatment for hydrocephalus were normal and significantly better than in those requiring treatment. The mean ventricular volume was similar among all 3 groups, and significantly larger than normal. There was no association between FOR and performance. Stable mild-to-moderate ventriculomegaly alone should not trigger intervention in asymptomatic infants with spina bifida.

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Redesign the Lampit to Reduce the Workload in Dusun Semaja, Tabanan, Bali

Journal of Urban Society s Arts ◽

10.24821/jousa.v8i1.5195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

I Nyoman Artayasa

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Work Rate ◽

T Test ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Mean Values ◽

Subject Design ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Improved Design ◽

Paired T Test

Lampit is one of the traditional means of cultivating rice fields, which functions to level the land for planting rice. The operation of lampit can increase the work pulse up to 50% above the resting pulse and is included in the category of moderate to heavy workloads. At the end of the operation of lampit, it may cause complaints, especially on the buttocks and back, which is caused by the small and hardness of the lampit rod. There was an improvement to the lampit seating design by adding foam pads and adjusting the pressure lever found on the lampit stem to overcome this problem. This research is an experimental study using the same subject design, selected 30 research subjects from farmers in Dusun Semaja Antosari Tabanan Bali. The workload is evaluated based on the work pulse measured using the ten pulses method. In addition, the pulse was measured before and after the improvement of the lampit design. The data compared were the mean values before and after improvement, which were analyzed using paired t test (α = 0.05). The result is a significant decrease in the work rate of 19.35% (p <0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the improved design of the lampit can reduce the workload. Therefore, farmers should continue using and perfecting the improved lampit.

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