scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE OF MATURE STRAY DOGS (SECTIONAL STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
L.V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Death Causes ◽  
Mechanical Asphyxia

Stray animals are such animals that are left without owner’s care, they are part of society, serving as sources of zooanthroponosis. There are no works devoted to analysis and classification of death causes of stray animals on Altai Territory. Objective of the research is to study mortality structure of stray mature dogs. The objects of research were the corpses of 41 sexually mature stray dogs from the Altai Territory, and kept by volunteers and animal protection organizations in the period 2017-2020. Research methods include registration of an animal; autopsy; photographing; statistical processing and analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that 33% of the studied stray dogs died as a result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning), at the age of 3-4 years and 7-8 years; 22% - infectious diseases, at the age of from 6 months up to 5-6 years old; 15% - dirofilariasis, at the age of 2 years and 4-7 years 4 10% - extensive heart thrombosis, at the age of 1-3 years, 5-6 years and over 10 years; 10% - mechanical injuries (car injuries), at the age of 3-8 years; 7% - mechanical asphyxia, at the age of 5, 6 and 10 years; 2% - cancer, at the age of 2 years. The death causes of stray dogs are the result of the action of toxic substances of unknown nature (poisoning); infectious diseases (plague of carnivores and piroplasmosis); autointoxication (sources: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas); car injuries; closing of the larynx lumen with a foreign object and liver cancer with metastases.

scholarly journals Survey of Saliva Components and Virus Sensors for Prevention of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Priya Dave ◽  
Roberto Rojas-Cessa ◽  
Ziqian Dong ◽  
Vatcharapan Umpaichitra
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Close Distance

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers saliva contact the lead transmission mean of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Saliva droplets or aerosols expelled by sneezing, coughing, breathing, and talking may carry this virus. People in close distance may be exposed directly to these droplets or indirectly when touching the droplets that fall on surrounding surfaces and ending up contracting COVID-19 after touching the mucosa tissue of their faces. It is of great interest to quickly and effectively detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in an environment, but the existing methods only work in laboratory settings, to the best of our knowledge. However, it may be possible to detect the presence of saliva in the environment and proceed with prevention measures. However, detecting saliva itself has not been documented in the literature. On the other hand, many sensors that detect different organic components in saliva to monitor a person’s health and diagnose different diseases, ranging from diabetes to dental health, have been proposed and they may be used to detect the presence of saliva. This paper surveys sensors that detect organic and inorganic components of human saliva. Humidity sensors are also considered in the detection of saliva because a large portion of saliva is water. Moreover, sensors that detect infectious viruses are also included as they may also be embedded into saliva sensors for a confirmation of the presence of the virus. A classification of sensors by their working principles and the substances they detect is presented, including the sensors’ specifications, sample size, and sensitivity. Indications of which sensors are portable and suitable for field application are presented. This paper also discusses future research and challenges that must be resolved to realize practical saliva sensors. Such sensors may help minimize the spread of not only COVID-19 but also other infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Personal and domiciliary hygiene practices and its association with incidence of infectious diseases among children aged 6-59 months

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Md Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam Khan ◽  
Musammet Rasheda Begum ◽  
Farjana Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Prepared Food

Background: Over 200 million under-five-children born in low-income countries are at risk of not reaching their development potential and infectious diseases are the leading cause of development deficits in these regions.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate personal and household hygiene practices among 154 mothers and their association with the incidence of infectious diseases among 167 children aged 6 months to 59 months in Patuakhali district, Bangladesh.Results: Only 13.6% of the mothers had proper hand washing knowledge. Besides, 14% and 53.9% of the mothers washed their hands with soap and only with water respectively before feeding their child. About 68.2% of mothers prepared food on the ground and half (49.5%) of the toilet did not have a hand washing location beside it. The risk of childhood infectious disease was significantly associated with hand washing of mothers before feeding a child (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1, p<0.05) and hand washing of child before eating (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8-5.7, p<0.05).Conclusions: Hand washing agents were inadequate and compliance to hand washing was poor. Therefore, the continuous focus is needed on the mother's awareness construction to increase the compliance to hand washing practice among mothers as well as their child with soap, especially during child feeding.

scholarly journals Infertility and associated factors in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-95
Author(s):  
Thomas Obinchemti Egbe ◽  
Charmaine Ngo Mbaki ◽  
Nicholas Tendongfor ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
Eugene Belley-Priso
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
History Of

Aim: We determined the prevalence and factors associated with couple infertility in three hospitals in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 18th 2015 to March 18th 2016 in three public hospitals in Douala. Three hundred and sixty participants were studied prospectively for associated fac- tors using a multivariate logistic regression model and 4732 files were studied retrospectively for the prevalence of infertility. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of couple infertility was 19.2%. In logistic models, the factors which independently increased the risk of couple infertility were a history of reproductive tract infection/STI, a history of uterine fibroids, a history of dys- menorrhea and abortion for the females while for males it was a history of mumps, erectile dysfunction and exposure to chemicals/toxic substances/pesticides. Conclusion: One in every five couples in this study was infertile. Several factors affect the risks associated with couple in- fertility. The identification of these factors could help detect subgroups of couples at high risk of infertility. Reproductive health education, screening programmes for STI’s that may lead to infertility should be offered to couples. Keywords: Couple infertility; prevalence; associated factors; Douala; Cameroon.

scholarly journals Justification of sorption composite usage on the basis of nanodisperse silica for sepsis prevention in complex treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 part 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
O. A. Viltsaniuk ◽  
P. V. Belyaev ◽  
T. P. Osolodchenko ◽  
O. O. Viltsaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Introduction. The problem of purulent-inflammatory processes treatment and the prevention of sepsis remains one of the most pressing problems of surgery.Purpose of the study. Is to estimate the effectiveness of sorption composition with antimicrobial properties on the basis of nanodisperse silica on the adhesive properties of microorganisms and to substantiate the expediency of its use for the purulent and inflammatory processes treatment and prevention of sepsis.Materials and methods.To determine the antimicrobial activity and the influence of the antiseptics of decasan, myramistin, ethonium, chlorhexidine and the sorption on the microorganisms adhesion properties composition was used the method of diffusion in agar of the museum strains of microorganisms S. Aureus ATCC 25923, E. Coli ATCC 25922, R. Vulgaris 4636, R. Aureginosa ATCC 27853, S. AIbicans 855/653, SI. Perfringens 28, Peptostreptococcus anaerobicus 22, Bacteroides fragilis 13/83, and clinical strains of S. Aureus, R. Aeuroginosa, E. Coli. Adhesive properties of microorganisms were studied according to the Brillis method et al. (1986) with the subsequent statistical processing of the data.Results. Studies have shown that antiseptics have high antimicrobial activity and reduce the adhesion ability of microorganisms. But the use of only antiseptics or only antibiotics for the purification of purulent foci can lead to toxins absorption and tissue decay products from purulent foci. That processes could be the trigger mechanism for sepsis development. The sorption composition is able to reduce the adhesive activity of bacteria, allows to absorb toxic substances from pathological foci, what preventing their resorption and thereby prevent the development of sepsis.Conclusions. The composition made from sorbents and antiseptics is not inferior to antimicrobial activity to antiseptics, which can reduce the virulence of bacteria, by reducing their adhesive activity, and absorb toxins of microorganisms and tissue decomposition products on their surface, thus prevent their absorption, which will prevent the purulent-inflammatory process progression and sepsis development.Keywords: sorption composition, nanodisperse silica, antiseptics, adhesive properties of microorganisms, prevention of sepsis.

scholarly journals Classification of adult cattle infectious diseases: A first step towards prioritization of biosecurity measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1991-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Renault ◽  
Bert Damiaans ◽  
Steven Sarrazin ◽  
Marie-France Humblet ◽  
Marc Lomba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Adult Cattle

Role of MRI in the Diagnosis and Pre-Operative Classification of Perianal and Anal Fistulas - A Cross-Sectional Study, Southern Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 3156-3162
Author(s):  
Hari Ram Jat ◽  
Neel Patel ◽  
Sitaram Barath ◽  
Pooja Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anal Fistulas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perianal Fistulas ◽  
Operative Assessment

BACKGROUND Perianal fistulas account for a substantial discomfort and morbidity to the patient thus affecting productive man hours and quality of life. Accurate pre-operative assessment of course of the primary fistulous track and secondary extension or abscesses is required for successful surgical management of anal fistulas. The purpose of this study was to diagnose and classify pre-operative perianal fistulas. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study at Department of Radiodiagnosis in a tertiary level hospital of southern Rajasthan from November 2018 to November 2020. The study included a total of 50 patients referred to department of radiology for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Statistical analysis was done using chi square test and student t test. RESULTS Out of these patients, 56 % were having secondary tract on MRI, 12 % patients were having abscess and 4 % were having horseshoe abscess on MRI. The commonest type of ano-rectal fistula encountered in the study was Grade -II seen in 32 %. CONCLUSIONS MRI is a highly accurate, rapid and non-invasive tool in pre-operative evaluation of the perianal and anal fistulas. MRI evaluation and classification of perianal fistulae has a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. The use of MRI for the diagnosis and classification of perianal fistula can provide reliable information which has both pre-operative and prognostic value. St James University Hospital classification, which is an MR imaging-based grading system for perianal fistula is very useful for effective radiological-surgical communication thus contributing to improved patient care and reduced rate of recurrence. KEYWORDS MR Fistulogram, Perianal Fistula, Anal Fistula, Fistula Classification, Fistulography

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NEW OSTEOPLASTIC MATERIALS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF ACUTE TOXICITY STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
А.N. Akbarov ◽  
◽  
N.S. Ziyadullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Osteoplastic Material ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Lethal Doses

Three series of experiments were carried out and lethal doses of the new osteoplastic material 47.5 V were determined by the intraperitoneal and intragastric injection of the material to laboratory animals. A comparative evaluation with Bioactive glass BG-1D was also carried out. It was found that the LD50of 47,5B was 4274.51:4770.58 mg/kg for intragastric injection and 2358.31:2895.65 mg/kg for intraperitoneal injection to rats. In animals getting Bioactive glass BG-1D, these indicators changed slightly, amounting to 3439.04:3810.53 mg/kg and 1732.77:2730.93 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, according to the classification of substances according to the degree of toxicity, these materials can be attributed to practically non-toxic substances (according to the results of intraperitoneal injection of the material suspension to rats and mice) and low-toxic substances (according to the results of intragastric injection of the material suspension to rats)

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