scholarly journals Vegetation Drought Dynamic Analysis in European Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
M S Boori ◽  
R Paringer ◽  
K Choudhary ◽  
A Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Modis Ndvi

This research work deals with the spatial-temporal characteristics of the relationship between drought events (Standardized Precipitation Index [SPI]), land surface temperature (LSI) and vegetation indexes (VIs) in the spring-summer (May-August) over the European Russia (ER) from 2000 to 2018. We use Terra- MODIS - NDVI and LST product and TRMM for rainfall data. Statistical results indicate that year 2004, 2009 and 2015 were the most significant changing-point in mean annual rainfall values and VIs. Results indicate that vegetation area and VIs variate according to SPI values. Analysis results also indicate that low NDVI values (0.2-0.4) shift in high NDVI values (0.5-0.8) with high SPI values and viceversa, also high LST values associated with low VIs values and vice-versa, with correlation coefficients 0.90, means high-temperature show low vegetation. Correlation analysis of VIs, SPI and LST deficit shows that vegetation is closely related to rainfall and temperature, especially under the dry and wet conditions and indicates that this correlation can use for nearreal-time monitoring of vegetation drought dynamics. All predictions and monitoring using satellite-derived VIs is a low cost and effective means of identifying longer-term changes as opposed to natural inter-annual variability in vegetation growth.

scholarly journals Estimation of Rainfall-Runoff Relationship and Correlation of Runoff with Infiltration Capacity and Temperature Over East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Parameter ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Infiltration Capacity

In meteorology, Precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under the gravity, the rainfall being the principal form of precipitation in India. Rainfall is the most important meteorological parameter for hydrology, as it controls the other processes such as infiltration, runoff, detention storage, and evapotranspiration. When precipitation falls over a catchment area, these processes have to be satisfied before precipitation water becomes runoff. Infiltration is the vertically downward flow of rainfall into ground/underground through percolation inside the soil surface and depends on soil-type, porosity, and permeability. Runoff is the flow of rainwater over the land surface that happens when there is an excess of precipitation over an area. Runoff is produced when the rainwater exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. The most important relationships for any watershed are the relationship between rainfall and runoff. This relationship depends on some factors such as characteristics of rainfall, runoff, and infiltration. Though the abovementioned factors have a major impact on the volume of runoff, a consistent correlation between rainfall-runoff enables us to increase more confidence in sufficient time for the formulation of appropriate decision making for the local authority. The present research work was undertaken to analyze the correlation between annual rainfall and annual runoff for the years 1901-2018 over Jamshedpur of East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand. Further in this study, the correlation between infiltration and annual runoff was analyzed over the same area and the same data period. Correlation between temperature and annual runoff was also found. Through the graphical analysis, it was found that the value of annual rainfall and runoff are strongly correlated.As the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) is almost equal to +1 which is a nearly perfect positive correlation, signifies that both variables move in the same direction. It also signifies that the two variables being compared have a perfect positive relationship; that means these two are strongly related. Through the study, it was also found that the infiltration and runoff are largely correlated. There was practically no correlation found between the values of temperature and runoff over the years.

Improving the Computational Cost for Copied Region Detection in Forensic Images

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Tu Huynh-Kha ◽  
Thuong Le-Tien ◽  
Synh Ha ◽  
Khoa Huynh-Van
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Zernike Moments ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Feature Vectors ◽  
Region Detection

This research work develops a new method to detect the forgery in image by combining the Wavelet transform and modified Zernike Moments (MZMs) in which the features are defined from more pixels than in traditional Zernike Moments. The tested image is firstly converted to grayscale and applied one level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to reduce the size of image by a half in both sides. The approximation sub-band (LL), which is used for processing, is then divided into overlapping blocks and modified Zernike moments are calculated in each block as feature vectors. More pixels are considered, more sufficient features are extracted. Lexicographical sorting and correlation coefficients computation on feature vectors are next steps to find the similar blocks. The purpose of applying DWT to reduce the dimension of the image before using Zernike moments with updated coefficients is to improve the computational time and increase exactness in detection. Copied or duplicated parts will be detected as traces of copy-move forgery manipulation based on a threshold of correlation coefficients and confirmed exactly from the constraint of Euclidean distance. Comparisons results between proposed method and related ones prove the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Surface interaction of sweet potato peels (Ipomoea batata) with Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous medium

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Dissociative Mechanism ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Potato Peels

The removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium was studied using potato peels biomass. The adsorption process was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Vibrational band of the potato peels was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption process was carried out with respect to concentration, time, pH, particle size and the thermodynamic evaluation of the process was carried at temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60(0C), respectively. The FTIR studies revealed that the potato peels was composed of –OH, -NH, –C=N, –C=C and –C-O-C functional groups. The optimum removal was obtained at pH 8 and contact time of 20 min. The adsorption process followed Freundlich adsorption and pseudo second-order kinetic models with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.900. The equilibrium adsorption capacity showed that Pb(II) ion was more adsorbed on the surface of the potato peels biomass versus Cd (II) ion (200.91 mg/g > 125.00 mg/g). The thermodynamic studies indicated endothermic, dissociative mechanism and spontaneous adsorption process. This study shows that sweet potato peels is useful as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous medium.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Drought Stress in Tea Estates Using Optical and Thermal Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2730
Author(s):  
Animesh Chandra Das ◽  
Ryozo Noguchi ◽  
Tofael Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Drought Frequency ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Drought Period

Drought is one of the detrimental climatic factors that affects the productivity and quality of tea by limiting the growth and development of the plants. The aim of this research was to determine drought stress in tea estates using a remote sensing technique with the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images were processed to measure the land surface temperature (LST) and soil moisture index (SMI). Maps for the normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and leaf area index (LAI), as well as yield maps, were developed from Sentinel-2 satellite images. The drought frequency was calculated from the classification of droughts utilizing the SPI. The results of this study show that the drought frequency for the Sylhet station was 38.46% for near-normal, 35.90% for normal, and 25.64% for moderately dry months. In contrast, the Sreemangal station demonstrated frequencies of 28.21%, 41.02%, and 30.77% for near-normal, normal, and moderately dry months, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the SMI and NDMI were 0.84, 0.77, and 0.79 for the drought periods of 2018–2019, 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, respectively, indicating a strong relationship between soil and plant canopy moisture. The results of yield prediction with respect to drought stress in tea estates demonstrate that 61%, 60%, and 60% of estates in the study area had lower yields than the actual yield during the drought period, which accounted for 7.72%, 11.92%, and 12.52% yield losses in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. This research suggests that satellite remote sensing with the SPI could be a valuable tool for land use planners, policy makers, and scientists to measure drought stress in tea estates.

scholarly journals Variation in Vegetation and Its Driving Force in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Yang Yi ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Mingchang Shi ◽  
Zekun Meng ◽  
Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Ndvi Time Series ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Afforestation Policy

The temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) were analyzed from 1999 to 2015 by trend analysis, co-integration analysis, partial correlation analysis, and spatial analysis using MODIS-NDVI time series remote sensing data. The average NDVI of the MRYR increased from 0.72 to 0.80, and nearly two-thirds of the vegetation showed a significant trend of improvement. At the inter-annual scale, the relationship between NDVI and meteorological factors was not significant in most areas. At the inter-monthly scale, NDVI was almost significantly correlated with precipitation, relative humidity, and sunshine hours, and the effect of precipitation and sunshine hours on NDVI showed a pronounced lag. When the altitude was less than 2500 m, NDVI increased with elevation. NDVI increased gradually as the slope increased and decreased gradually as the slope aspect changed from north to south. NDVI decreased as the population density and per capita GDP increased and was significantly positively correlated with afforestation policy. These findings provide new insights into the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation growth.

scholarly journals Vegetation dynamics and soil water balance in a water-limited Mediterranean ecosystem on Sardinia, Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1257-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Montaldo ◽  
J. D. Albertson ◽  
M. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrometeorological Conditions

Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are commonly heterogeneous savanna-like ecosystems, with contrasting plant functional types (PFTs, e.g. grass and woody vegetation) competing for water. Mediterranean ecosystems are also commonly characterized by strong inter-annual rainfall variability, which influences the distributions of PFTs that vary spatially and temporally. An extensive field campaign in a Mediterranean setting was performed with the objective to investigate interactions between vegetation dynamics, soil water budget and land-surface fluxes in a water-limited ecosystem. Also a vegetation dynamic model (VDM) is coupled to a 3-component (bare soil, grass and woody vegetation) Land surface model (LSM). The case study is in Orroli, situated in the mid-west of Sardegna within the Flumendosa river basin. The landscape is a mixture of Mediterranean patchy vegetation types: trees, including wild olives and cork oaks, different shrubs and herbaceous species. Land surface fluxes, soil moisture and vegetation growth were monitored during the May 2003–June 2006 period. Interestingly, hydrometeorological conditions of the monitored years strongly differ, with dry and wet years in turn, such that a wide range of hydrometeorological conditions can be analyzed. The coupled VDM-LSM model is successfully tested for the case study, demonstrating high model performance for the wide range of eco-hydrologic conditions. Results demonstrate also that vegetation dynamics are strongly influenced by the inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing, with grass leaf area index changing significantly each spring season according to seasonal rainfall amount.

scholarly journals The effect of climate type on timescales of drought propagation in an ensemble of global hydrological models

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4649-4665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk I. Gevaert ◽  
Ted I. E. Veldkamp ◽  
Philip J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Surface Models

Abstract. Drought is a natural hazard that occurs at many temporal and spatial scales and has severe environmental and socioeconomic impacts across the globe. The impacts of drought change as drought evolves from precipitation deficits to deficits in soil moisture or streamflow. Here, we quantified the time taken for drought to propagate from meteorological drought to soil moisture drought and from meteorological drought to hydrological drought. We did this by cross-correlating the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) against standardized indices (SIs) of soil moisture, runoff, and streamflow from an ensemble of global hydrological models (GHMs) forced by a consistent meteorological dataset. Drought propagation is strongly related to climate types, occurring at sub-seasonal timescales in tropical climates and at up to multi-annual timescales in continental and arid climates. Winter droughts are usually related to longer SPI accumulation periods than summer droughts, especially in continental and tropical savanna climates. The difference between the seasons is likely due to winter snow cover in the former and distinct wet and dry seasons in the latter. Model structure appears to play an important role in model variability, as drought propagation to soil moisture drought is slower in land surface models (LSMs) than in global hydrological models, but propagation to hydrological drought is faster in land surface models than in global hydrological models. The propagation time from SPI to hydrological drought in the models was evaluated against observed data at 127 in situ streamflow stations. On average, errors between observed and modeled drought propagation timescales are small and the model ensemble mean is preferred over the use of a single model. Nevertheless, there is ample opportunity for improvement as substantial differences in drought propagation are found at 10 % of the study sites. A better understanding and representation of drought propagation in models may help improve seasonal drought forecasting as well as constrain drought variability under future climate scenarios.

Simulated and Observed Preindustrial to Modern Vegetation and Climate Changes*

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3650-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Notaro ◽  
Zhengyu Liu ◽  
Robert Gallimore ◽  
Stephen J. Vavrus ◽  
John E. Kutzbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Abstract Rising levels of carbon dioxide since the preindustrial era have likely contributed to an observed warming of the global surface, and observations show global greening and an expansion of boreal forests. This study reproduces observed climate and vegetation trends associated with rising CO2 using a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–land surface GCM with dynamic vegetation and decomposes the effects into physiological and radiative components. The simulated warming trend, strongest at high latitudes, was dominated by the radiative effect, although the physiological effect of CO2 on vegetation (CO2 fertilization) contributed to significant wintertime warming over northern Europe and central and eastern Asia. The net global greening of the model was primarily due to the physiological effect of increasing CO2, while the radiative and physiological effects combined to produce a poleward expansion of the boreal forests. Observed and simulated trends in tree ring width are consistent with the enhancement of vegetation growth by the physiological effect of rising CO2.

scholarly journals Sistema de Iluminação Publica Inteligente

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Rodrigues de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Rational Use

Public street lighting management is a well known problemwhich can be revisited from the perspective of Smart Cities.In Smart Cities there is an interconnection of services andinfrastructure to provide sustainable growth and improvementsin citizens’ quality of life. In this research work, weexplore new low cost technologies to create a smart streetlight system capable of monitoring and controlling the lamps,thus reducing the costs with maintenance and allowing amore rational use of electricity.

scholarly journals The development of future foreign language teachers’ digital competences in creating multimedia tutorials

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 216-245
Author(s):  
G. Zh. Smagulova ◽  
G. B. Sarzhanova ◽  
G. K. Tleuzhanova ◽  
N. Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Visual Materials

Introduction. The article considers the problem of the development of future teachers’ digital competences in creating foreign language multimedia tutorials and presents the results of the corresponding research conducted by the authors. In the context of the digitalisation of education, the foreign language multimedia tutorials represent an effective means of organising and integrating authentic audio-visual materials into the learning process. Nevertheless, FL (foreign language) teachers today face the problem of the lack of the competences, including digital ones, necessary for the development of effective multimedia tutorials, which cannot be created without the awareness of the methodological foundations of their designing, mastering of the relevant software tools and obtaining the corresponding level of digital skills of their usage.Aim. The current research is aimed to identify the effectiveness of the training course for future teachers in the development of foreign language multimedia tutorials based on authentic audio-visual materials. The training course was conducted at Academician E. A. Buketov Karaganda University among 30 graduate students.Methodology and research methods. The research work was based on the determination of four levels of training in the field of development of multimedia foreign language tutorials: recognition-based, reproductive (adaptive), heuristic, creative.Results and scientific novelty. The developed training course proved its effectiveness in increasing the level of development of digital competences of future FL teachers in the field of designing multimedia educational resources. The research results demonstrated that 80 % of the participants achieved the heuristic level in the field of the development of digital educational resources, namely multimedia tutorials, getting the required 60 % and more points (according to Bespalko V. P.) in the final assessment of academic achievement.Practical significance. The corresponding authoring experimental training course contributes to solving the problem of the development of the future FL teachers’ competences when creating multimedia educational resources, and to the problem of skills formation when using appropriate software to create multimedia educational resources.

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