scholarly journals Denmark, Durkheim, and Decentralization: The Structures and Capabilities of Danish Working Lives

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Paul Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
And Control

Over the last two decades, a range of reports and cross-sectional surveys of European workers have highlighted Denmark as scoring exceptionally, and consistently, well across several dimensions shaping working life, for example, job quality, work-life balance, discretion and learning, and job satisfaction. This is despite a trend of increasing psychosocial risks of work across Europe. Providing a retrospective interpretation of this exceptionalism, the paper draws on data from 40 expert interviews in Denmark to theoretically map the advantageous institutional components shaping working life in Denmark. Aligning the theories of Émile Durkheim with the capabilities framework, the analysis highlights the role of interdependent collective agreements, which link macro and microwork contexts and generate resources that augment the experience of balance and control within working life

Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1146-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmohan S Bajaj ◽  
Eric J Liu ◽  
Raffi Kheradman ◽  
Andrew Fagan ◽  
Douglas M Heuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control ◽  
Uninfected Culture ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectiveCirrhotics have a high rate of infections, which are increasingly fungal or culture-negative in nature. While infected cirrhotics have bacterial dysbiosis, the role of fungi is unclear. We aimed to evaluate gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of outpatient and inpatient cirrhotics and prediction of hospitalisations.MethodsCross-sectional: Age-matched controls, outpatients (with/without antibiotics) and hospitalised uninfected, culture-negative and culture-positive cirrhotics were included and followed for 90 days. Longitudinal: Three studies were conducted: (1) cirrhotics followed over 6 months, (2) outpatient cirrhotics administered antibiotics per standard of care for 5 days and (3) cirrhotics and controls administered omeprazole over 14 days. In all studies, stool bacterial/fungal profiles were analysed.ResultsCross-sectional: In 143 cirrhotics and 26 controls, bacterial and fungal diversities were significantly linked. Outpatients on antibiotics and patients with culture-positive infections had the lowest diversities. Bacterial and fungal correlations were complex in uninfected, outpatient and control groups but were markedly skewed in infected patients. 21% were admitted on 90-day follow-up. A lower Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio was associated with lower hospitalisations. Longitudinal: Fungal and bacterial profiles were stable on follow-up (5 days and 6 months). After antibiotics, a significantly reduced bacterial and fungal diversity, higher Candida and lower autochthonous bacterial relative abundance were seen. After omeprazole, changes in bacterial diversity and composition were seen but fungal metrics remained stable.ConclusionThere is a significant fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis, which changes differentially with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor use, but is otherwise stable over time. A combined bacterial–fungal dysbiosis metric, Bacteroidetes/Ascomycota ratio, can independently predict 90-day hospitalisations in patients with cirrhosis.Clinical trial numberNCT01458990.

scholarly journals Attitudes to Being Vaccinated Against COVID-19: A Survey of People With Epilepsy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Ran-ran Zhang ◽  
Ting-ting Yang ◽  
Zhi-hao Wang ◽  
Xi-qin Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive

Objective: We conducted a survey to assess vaccination coverage, vaccination willingness, and variables associated with vaccination hesitancy to provide evidence on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination strategies.Methods: This anonymous questionnaire study conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (PWE) registered in epilepsy clinics, in 2021, in 10 hospitals in seven cities of Shandong Province.Results: A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 557 valid questionnaires were returned. A total of 130 people were vaccinated against COVID-19. Among 427 unvaccinated participants, 69.32% (296/427) were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the future, and the remaining 30.68% (131/427) were unwilling to receive vaccination. Most (89.9%) of the participants believed that the role of vaccination was crucial in response to the spread of COVID-19. A significant association was found between willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and the following variables: age, marital status, level of education, occupation, residence, seizure type, and seizure control after antiepileptic drug therapy. It is noteworthy that education level, living in urban areas, and seizure freedom were significantly related to willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusions: Vaccination is a key measure for the prevention and control of COVID-19, and most PWE are willing to be vaccinated. Vaccine safety, effectiveness, and accessibility are essential in combatting vaccine hesitation and increasing vaccination rates.

Depression, demoralization and control over psychotic illness: a comparison of depressed and non-depressed patients with a chronic psychosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Birchwood ◽  
R. Mason ◽  
F. MacMillan ◽  
J. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Cross ◽  
And Control

SynopsisThis paper explores the hypothesis that depression in chronic schizophrenia is in part a psychological response to an apparently uncontrollable life-event, namely the illness and its long-term disabilities. It is suggested that depression is linked to patients' perception of controllability of their illness and absorption of cultural stereotypes of mental illness. Clinically and operationally diagnosed schizophrenic and manic-depressive patients receiving long-term maintenance treatment were studied. The cross-sectional prevalence of depression in schizophrenics was 29% and 11% for patients with bipolar affective illness. The hypothesis was supported. Multivariate analyses revealed that patients' perception of controllability of their illness powerfully discriminated depressed from non-depressed psychotic patients. Although those patients who accepted their diagnosis reported a lower perceived control over illness and an external locus of control, label acceptance was not associated with lowered depression, self-esteem or unemployment. The cross-sectional nature of the study makes the direction of causality and the role of intrinsic illness variables difficult to ascertain; however, the results set the scene for prospective and intervention studies and the various possibilities are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Cortisol and Growth Hormone in the Development of Ketosis Resistance in Malnutrition Related Diabetic Mellitus

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
MA Rayhan Khandakar ◽  
M Suhrab Ali ◽  
M Obaidullah ◽  
Liaquat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Niddm Patients

Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus (MRDM), a separate clinical class of diabetes mellitus recognized by WHO Study Group on Diabetes Mellitus in 1985 exhibits peculiar metabolic characteristic of ketosis resistance. To explore the role of cortisol and growth hormone in the development of ketosis resistance, a cross sectional study was carried out involving 21 newly diagnosed MRDM patients, 19 NIDDM patients, and 16 age matched non-diabetic control at BIRDEM, Dhaka. MRDM patients presented with significantly lower Body Mass Index (P<0.001) and significantly higher level of serum glucose (P<0.001) in comparison to NIDDM and control subjects. The mean serum cortisol was significantly higher in MRDM and NIDDM subjects compared to that of control (P<0.05). Therefore, regarding cortisol, MRDM patients behave exactly like NIDDM patients The serum growth hormone levels were similar in MRDM, NIDDM and control subjects. So it can be suggested from the study that cortisol and growth hormone may not play any significant role in the development of ketosis resistance in MRDM patients.    doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3295 TAJ 2005; 18(1): 5-9

Reciprocity and personality in diet-related spousal involvement among older couples managing diabetes: The role of gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-383
Author(s):  
Kristin J. August ◽  
Caitlin S. Kelly ◽  
Charlotte H. Markey
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
And Control

Spouses are commonly involved in the dietary aspect of their partners’ diabetes management. Older spouses also may be managing their own condition, however, that requires changes to their diet. Given established gender differences in diet-related spousal involvement, gender therefore may be a more important factor than patient status in understanding this type of involvement. In this study, we sought to understand the reciprocity of diet-related support and control (persuasion and pressure), whether personality traits were related to the engagement in this type of involvement, and whether gender moderated these associations. We used data from a cross-sectional survey of 148 couples (50+ years old) in which at least one member had type 2 diabetes. Engagement in support, persuasion, and pressure were moderately correlated within couples, and women engaged in more frequent support and control of their partners’ diet than men. Using Actor Partner Interdependence Models that controlled for race/ethnicity, marital quality, responsibility for managing meals, and patient status, we found that extraversion was associated with engagement in spousal support and persuasion, whereas neuroticism and conscientiousness were associated with engagement in spousal pressure. Associations were particularly pronounced for men. The findings suggest that there is a moderate amount of reciprocity, as well as gender and personality differences, in diet-related spousal involvement.

scholarly journals PUTTING THE CONTEXT BACK INTO THE DEBATE ON EXTENDED WORKING LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S820-S820
Author(s):  
Clary Krekula
Keyword(s):  
Working Life ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Policy on extended working life has tended to focus on individuals. The debate has to a great extent described older people as the problem and their current retirement trends as problematic as well as selfish, uninformed, out-dated and a threat to welfare provision and benefits. This depicts the political initiatives as a phenomenon disconnected from social, political and economic trends. This presentation reintroduces the context, by locating the role of policies to extend working lives as forming part of a neoliberal policy agenda. Starting from the understanding that policies are proactive measures which focus on some aspects and play down others, this paper analyses international policies from the EU and OECD and also government policies from 34 European countries. The results draw attention to the narrow and contradictory ways in which the issue is often framed, and how this relegates related new inequalities to the background.

scholarly journals Burnout Syndrome in Chilean Midwifery Students

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402090209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny López-Alegría ◽  
Juan Carlos Oyanedel ◽  
Gonzalo Rivera-López
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Student Burnout ◽  
Unidimensional Scale

The student Burnout Syndrome is a response to chronic and severe stress linked to the role of the students and their academic context. This study aims at determining the prevalence and severity of the student Burnout Syndrome on a sample of midwifery students and its associated factors. The study is observational, cross-sectional, and analytical, with a sample of 140 students of a Chilean university. The study variables were as follows: sociodemographic background, academic profile, student Burnout Syndrome scale, and behaviors in everyday psychosocial activities. The instrument for measuring the Burnout Syndrome was the Unidimensional Scale of Student Burnout. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used, and the association of the independent over the dependent variables was assessed through linear regression. Of the third-year students, 77.2% had a moderate or deep burnout level, which increases to 91.8% in the fourth-year students. A significant and direct association was found between the syndrome and the career year. A significant association was also found between the Burnout Scale and the scale of psychosocial risk behavior. All the students present some degree of Burnout Syndrome, which is related to both their studies and psychosocial risks.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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