scholarly journals Risk of Developing Complications among Contact Lens Wearers in Northern Border Region, Saudi Arabia. A Retrospective Cohort Study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Heba Hamed Salem ◽  
Inaam Shahed Alshmary ◽  
Bashair Owed Alharby ◽  
Iman Saury Alshmary
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Border Region ◽  
P Value ◽  
Northern Border

The present study aims towards investigating the risk of developing complications upon usage of different types of contact lens as well as the role played by different variables related to contact lens usage (replacement time, regular follow-up, etc). This is a retrospective cohort study. The total study sample (n = 143) were recruited from Rafha General Hospital, Northern Border Region, Saudi Arabia. All their data were collected and analyzed using chi square test. A <em>P-Value</em> of<em> &lt;</em>0.05 was considered statistically significant. Reusable contact lens wearers were noted to have significantly more complications than disposable contact lens wearers (P<em>&lt;</em>0.05). The majority of the sample was reported to use contact lens for cosmetic (decorative) purpose than for therapeutic or optical indications (<em>63%</em>). Regular follow-up was significantly associated with decrease incidence of contact lens complications (P<em>&lt;</em>0.01). Handling of reusable contact lenses must be done with care as complications are more likely to occur by using them than daily disposable contact lenses. Moreover, contact lens wearers must be advised about the importance of frequent replacement and regular follow-up as it showed significant decrease in complications. We can conclude from our finding that cosmetic usage of reusable contact lenses without proper handling and cleaning system is not advisable.

Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Tuberculosis in Three Districts of Balochistan, Pakistan: Findings from a Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Abdullah ◽  
Nafees Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Atif ◽  
Shereen Khan ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes and factors associated unsuccessful outcomes among pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients (age ≤14 years). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at three districts (Quetta, Zhob and Killa Abdullah) of Balochistan, Pakistan. All childhood TB patients enrolled for treatment at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital (BMCH) Quetta and District Headquarter Hospitals of Zhob and Killa Abdullah from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018 were included in the study and followed until their treatment outcomes were reported. Data were collected through a purpose developed standardized data collection form and analyzed by using SPSS 20. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 5152 TB patients enrolled at the study sites, 2184 (42.4%) were children. Among them, 1941 childhood TB patients had complete medical record were included in the study. Majority of the study participants were &lt;5 years old (66.6%) and had pulmonary TB (PTB; 65%). A total of 45 (2.3%) patients were cured, 1680 (86.6%) completed treatment, 195 (10%) lost to follow-up, 15 (0.8%) died, 5 (0.3%) failed treatment and 1 (0.1%) was not evaluated for outcomes. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, treatment at BMCH Quetta (OR = 25.671, p-value &lt; 0.001), rural residence (OR = 3.126, p-value &lt; 0.001) and extra-PTB (OR = 1.619, p-value = 0.004) emerged as risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes. Conclusion The study sites collectively reached the World Health Organization’s target of treatment success (&gt;85%). Lost to follow-up was the major reason for unsuccessful outcomes. Special attention to patients with identified risk factors for unsuccessful outcomes may improve outcomes further.

Status and Determinants of Treatment Outcomes Among New Tuberculosis Patients in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110005
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Son ◽  
Jeongha Mok ◽  
Miyoung Lee ◽  
Wonseo Park ◽  
Seungjin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

This is a retrospective cohort study using notification data in South Korea. We evaluated the nationwide status, regional differences, and the determinants of treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients. Treatment success rate improved from 77.0% in 2012 to 86.0% in 2015. The lost to follow-up rate was higher among older people, males, and foreign nationals. Health care facilities designated for the Public-Private Mix (PPM) project showed higher success rate and lower rate of lost to follow-up. Moreover, municipalities with low regional deprivation index had higher PPM project coverage. Since there is a large regional difference in the coverage of the PPM project, an additional community-based support program should be implemented, especially for tuberculosis patients residing in region with low PPM project coverage.

scholarly journals Pioglitazone use and Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e023302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu-Feng Wu ◽  
Li-Ting Kao ◽  
Jui-Hu Shih ◽  
Hui-Han Kao ◽  
Yu-Ching Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

ObjectivesMany researchers have expected pioglitazone to serve as an effective neuroprotective agent against Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the association between pioglitazone use and PD by using a large Asian population-based dataset in Taiwan.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwan.Participants7906 patients with diabetes who had received pioglitazone were defined as the study cohort, and 7906 matched patients with diabetes who had not received pioglitazone were defined as the comparison cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe tracked each patient individually over a 5-year follow-up period to identify those diagnosed as having PD during this period. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the HRs for PD between the study and comparison cohorts.ResultsThe findings indicated that among the sampled patients, PD occurred in 257 (1.63%): 119 (1.51%) pioglitazone users and 138 (1.75%) non-users. The adjusted HR for PD within the follow-up period was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.18) in the patients who had received pioglitazone compared with the matched patients who had not received pioglitazone. Moreover, this study revealed that pioglitazone use was not associated with PD incidence in men (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.59) or women (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15).ConclusionsThis study did not find the relationship between pioglitazone use and PD incidence, regardless of sex, among an Asian population of patients with diabetes.

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