scholarly journals Comparison of Effect of Clonidine Added to Bupivacaine-Fentanyl Mixture on the Quality of Spinal Anaesthesia and Peri-Op Analgesia with Bupivacaine-Fentanyl or Bupivacaine-Clonidine Mixture in Major Orthopaedic Lower Limb Surgeries

2017 ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Milin Raju Shah ◽  
Gauri Diwan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Group I ◽  
Analgesia Requirement ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Effective Analgesia

Introduction: With side effects of central neuroaxial opioids or of high dose intrathecal clonidine in combination with bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia, my study is to ascertain if small dose of clonidine when added to bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture improves spinal anaesthesia, without producing side effects, as compared to bupivacaine-fentanyl or bupivacaineclonidine mixture. Methods: It’s a prospective, double blinded randomised study of 90 ASA grade I-II patients, aged between 20-60 yrs, of either sex, weighing between 40-70 kgs, scheduled for major orthopaedic surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30 patients each as Group I (BCF): Bupivacaine 0.5%H 2.6ml + Fentanyl 20mcg + Clonidine 30mcg Group II (BC): Bupivacaine 0.5%H 2.6ml + Clonidine 30mcg Group III (BF): Bupivacaine 0.5%H 2.6ml + Fentanyl 20mcg Duration of sensory and motor blockade and effective analgesia mean time till two segment regression, haemodynamic profile, post-op pain and analgesia requirement were recorded. Results: The duration of sensory and motor blockade, effective analgesia and mean time till two segment regression were significantly longer in group BCF as compared to group BC (P – 0.002) and in group BC as compared to group BF (P – 0.01). The incidence of intra-op pain and requirement of postop analgesia in the first 24 hours was significantly more in group BF as compared to other groups (P-0.01). Conclusion: Low dose Clonidine when added to Bupivacaine-Fentanyl mixture improves the quality of peri-op analgesia without significant side effects.

scholarly journals Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients’ Lives, and Reduce Costs

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Marco Fidaleo ◽  
Stefano Tacconi ◽  
Carolina Sbarigia ◽  
Daniele Passeri ◽  
Marco Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Essential Nutrient

Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a naturally occurring compound produced by microorganisms and an essential nutrient for humans. Several papers highlight the role of VitB12 deficiency in bone and heart health, depression, memory performance, fertility, embryo development, and cancer, while VitB12 treatment is crucial for survival in inborn errors of VitB12 metabolism. VitB12 is administrated through intramuscular injection, thus impacting the patients’ lifestyle, although it is known that oral administration may meet the specific requirement even in the case of malabsorption. Furthermore, the high-dose injection of VitB12 does not ensure a constant dosage, while the oral route allows only 1.2% of the vitamin to be absorbed in human beings. Nanocarriers are promising nanotechnology that can enable therapies to be improved, reducing side effects. Today, nanocarrier strategies applied at VitB12 delivery are at the initial phase and aim to simplify administration, reduce costs, improve pharmacokinetics, and ameliorate the quality of patients’ lives. The safety of nanotechnologies is still under investigation and few treatments involving nanocarriers have been approved, so far. Here, we highlight the role of VitB12 in human metabolism and diseases, and the issues linked to its molecule properties, and discuss how nanocarriers can improve the therapy and supplementation of the vitamin and reduce possible side effects and limits.

Comparison of the Effects of Low Dose Methylprednisolone and Metoclopramide on Nausea and Vomiting and Respiratory Complications after Adenotonsillectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2753-2756
Author(s):  
Shahid Adalat Chaudhry ◽  
Madiha Zafar ◽  
Usman Zeeshan ◽  
Mubashar Iqbal ◽  
Arooj Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mean Time

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of low dose methylprednisolone and metoclopramide on nausea, vomiting and respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Divisional Headquarter Teaching Hospital, Mirpur AJK for duration of six months from December 2020 to May 2021. Methods: Total 150 patients of both genders underwent adenotonsillectomy presented in this study. Patients were aged between 3-15 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, sex and weight were recorded after taking informed written consent. Patients were equally divided into two groups. Group I had 75 patients and received 1 mg/kg IV methylpredinosolone and group II received 0.15 mg/kg metoclopramide among 75 patients. Post-operative effects on PONV were assessed and compared among both groups in terms of oral intake time, vomiting episodes, respiratory complications and side effects. Mean pain score was calculated by VAS. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 version. Results: There were 40 (53.3%) females and 35 (46.7%) males in group I with mean age 9.43±1.44 years while in group II 42 (56%) were females and 33 (44%) were male patients with mean age 8.04±3.36 years. Mean weight of the patients in group I was 23.08±4.61 kg and in group II mean body weight was 22.11±6.84 kg. Mean operative time in group I was 27.41±8.53 min and in group II mean time was 28.17±6.34 min. Post-operative frequency of vomiting and nausea was lower in group I 14 (18.7%) and 16 (21.3%) as compared to group II 21 (28%) and 24 (34%). Low pain score was found in group I 1.71±6.11 as compared to group II 3.02±4.09. Time to oral intake was higher in group II 2.98±3.48 hours as compared to group I 1.09±7.51 hours. Rate of respiratory complications and side effects were significantly higher in group II. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the use of methylpredinosolone was effective among patients those underwent for adenotonsillectomy in terms of post-operative frequency of PONV, pain, respiratory complications and side effects. Except this low dose of methylpredinosolone were effective in earlier tolerance of oral intake. Keywords: Adenotonsillectomy, Metoclopramide, Methylpredinosolone, Oral Intake

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine Co-Administered with Neostigmine and Bupivacaine for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries – A Study from Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 2634-2639
Author(s):  
Parag Yashawant Dongre ◽  
Aruna Vijay Chandak ◽  
Amol P. Singam
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Key Words Epidural ◽  
Spinal Epidural

BACKGROUND Addition of adjuvants to the neuro axial blocked helps prolongate the duration and quality of analgesia and anaesthesia. The safety and efficacy of drugs dexmedetomidine and neostigmine have been less commonly studied. We wanted to compare post-operative analgesia, haemodynamics, and side effects if any in this study. METHODS Combined spinal - epidural anaesthesia was performed in 60 patients who underwent lower limb surgeries of less than 2 hrs. The patients were given the drug epidurally post-surgery. Group I, II and III were given 10 ml of 0.25 % bupivacaine alone, with 1 microgram per kg of neostigmine and with 0.5 milligram per kg of dexmedetomidine and 1 microgram per kg of neostigmine, respectively. 50 mg tramadol intravenous was kept as rescue analgesic. Parameters which predict haemodynamics, assessment of pain, period of analgesia, demand for rescue analgesia and the chances of side effects were noted over the next ten hrs. RESULTS To conclude, epidural analgesia is the most preferred analgesia these days in management of lower limb orthopaedic surgery’s post-operative pain. When bupivacaine was combined with neostigmine and dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant, it prolonged the post-operative analgesia significantly without increasing the side effects of those drugs. The combination of two drugs proved better than the use of single drug alone. CONCLUSIONS Combination of neostigmine and dexmedetomidine when used as a neuraxial adjuvant, significantly prolonged the duration of post-operative analgesia by 274.13 4.539 in lower limb orthopaedic cases compared to neostigmine alone that was 176.23 ± 3.441. KEY WORDS Epidural, Neostigmine, Dexmedetomidine, Orthopaedic Surgeries, Post-Operative Analgesia

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Adding Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam to Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Analgesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 18;1 (1;1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Aloka Samantaray
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Midazolam Group ◽  
Effective Analgesia

Background: Dexmedetomidine and midazolam both modulate spinal analgesia by different mechanisms, and yet, no human studies are available to compare them for postoperative analgesia after neuraxial administration. Objectives: We investigated the addition of dexmedetomidine or midazolam to intrathecal bupivacaine on the duration of effective analgesia and clinical safety profile. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Setting: University teaching hospital. Methods: The study cohort included a consecutive and prospective series of patients, referred for endourological procedures. The patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups (20 patients each) to receive intrathecally 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in combination with 5 mcg of dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine group), 1 mg of midazolam (midazolam group) or 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline (control group). The groups were compared to the regression time of sensory block, duration of effective analgesia (defined as the time interval between administration of intrathecal drug to the time of first analgesic request or a numeric rating scale ≥ 4.0), sedation score, and side effects in the first 24 hours. Statistics: One way-ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, and Chi-square test (χ2), significance level: P < 0.05. Results: The duration of effective analgesia (time to first analgesic request) was significantly prolonged in the dexmedetomidine group (286 ± 64 minutes, P < 0.01) when compared with midazolam group (236.9 ± 64.9 minutes) and the control group (212.7 ± 70.2 minutes). Pairwise comparisons among the 3 groups with Bonferroni adjustment revealed that patients from the dexmedetomidine group were more sedated in comparison to the midazolam and control groups at the end of the first 15 minutes after intrathecal injection [χ2 (2) = 7.157, P = 0.028], with a mean rank sedation score of 35.58 for dexmedetomidine, 25.00 for midazolam, and 30.93 for control. No significant differences in the side effects were observed during the study period. Midazolam did not lengthen the time of the two segment sensory regression or the time to first request analgesia. Limitation: The study cannot be extrapolated to muscle cutting surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Conclusions: The addition of dexmedetomidine (5 mcg) to 3 mL of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) significantly prolongs the duration of effective analgesia in comparison to 1 mg midazolam or placebo (0.9% normal saline) with a comparable incidences of side effects. Key words: Dexmedetomidine, midazolam, intrathecal, spinal anaesthesia, subarachnoid block, postoperative pain Pain Physician 20

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy Outcomes in Patients With Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtessam H. Nada ◽  
Ola A. Ibraheem ◽  
Mohammad R. Hassaan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vestibular Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Group I

Objectives: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) represents an important category of vertigo. Medical treatment and psychotherapy provide convenient control of symptoms. However, these management strategies can have inconvenient side effects and short-term relief, respectively. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a self-conducted habituation program that can be personalized to the subject’s needs to give adequate symptom relief without side effects. The present study aims to test the effect of VRT on patients with PPPD. Methods: Participants were diagnosed as having PPPD by the exclusion of organic vestibular lesions. The study involved 2 groups with PPPD: Group I, treated with the VRT, and Group II, treated with the VRT plus placebo. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), a self-assessment scale, was used to evaluate the VRT outcomes. Results: There was a significant decrease in functional, physical, and total scores on the DHI in both groups after VRT. Adding the placebo did not have supplementary outcomes. The patients who did not benefit from the VRT had a significantly longer duration of PPPD, more complex aggravating factors, more composite VRT exercises, and a higher DHI score than the patients who benefited from VRT. Conclusions: Customized VRT adequately reduced symptoms and improved quality of life in subjects with PPPD.

scholarly journals Comparative Randomised Study between Bupivacaine with Clonidine and Ropivacaine with Clonidine Used Caudally for Postopertaive Analgesia in Paediatric Hypospadias Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aditi Shatalwar ◽  
Nikhil Bhalerao ◽  
Jui Jadhav ◽  
Dnyanshree Wanjari ◽  
Suhas Landge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Postoperative Vomiting ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Hypospadias Surgery ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Background: This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the caudal epidural clonidine when mixed with ropivacaine and bupivacaine in prolonging postoperative analgesia in children of Indian genotype undergoing hypospadias surgery, as well as compare the intraoperative haemodynamics using caudal bupivacaine with clonidine vs ropivacaine with clonidine. The study was also aimed at studying the side effects and the duration of post-operative pain relief of bupivacaine with clonidine v/s ropivacaine with clonidine. Methods: This is a prospective randomised comparative study that was carried out in the Department of Anaesthesiology, KEM Hospital, Pune, over 12 months (from October 2016 to September 2017), among 56 children having an ASA Grade of II, aged between 1 to 8 years admitted for hypospadias surgery. The data gathered was cleaned using Microsoft Excel, before statistical analysis was done. Results: It was observed that caudal epidural analgesic duration was more in the bupivacaine clonidine group than in the ropivacaine clonidine group. The sedation score was higher at the second hour in the bupivacaine clonidine group. The HR and mean arterial pressure values were found to be notably higher in the ropivacaine clonidine group than those in the bupivacaine clonidine group. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, there was a decrease in pulse rate and MAP but at no time did the value reach the criteria for intervention. Other side effects like postoperative vomiting, nausea, motor blockade, respiratory distress not observed in any group. Conclusion: Bupivacaine 0.25 % 0.5 ml per kg with clonidine 1 microgram / kg via caudal route increased the duration of postoperative analgesia with no adverse effects as compared to ropivacaine 0.25 % with clonidine 1 microgram/ kg. Hence clonidine is more efficient in increasing postoperative analgesia when added with Bupivacaine as compared to ropivacaine in Indian genotype in hypospadias surgery.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Ketoprofen Gel treatment in patients with low back pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V.V. Povoroznyuk ◽  
A.S. Musiienko ◽  
N.V. Zaverukha ◽  
A.A. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gel Treatment ◽  
Systemic Side Effects

Background. The purpose was to study the effectiveness and safety of Ketoprofen gel (Fastum gel) therapy in patients with low back pain (LBP) caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes of the spine. Materials and methods. 24 males and females aged 50-69 years with LBP lasting over 14 days were examined, with a further division into two groups. Group I – 12 patients received thin ketoprofen applications on the lumbar region 2 times a day for 10 days. Group II – 12 patients who received thin applications of Vaseline on the same area 2 times a day for 10 days. Patients used the study drugs as a monotherapy. Examination was performed before the treatment initiation, after 10 and 20 days of treatment. Results. Patients receiving ketoprofen applications had a significantly reduced pain intensity registered by all four components of VAS and the Roland-Morris questionnaire. At the same time, the functional capacity by Schober (t = 3.54, p = 0.005) and Tomayer (t = 3.08, p = 0.01) tests was significantly improved. The quality of life according to the EuroQul-5D scale in patients who used the topical ketoprofen significantly increased by 45 % (t = 4.19, p = 0.002), and life expectancy according to the Oswestry questionnaire by 39.3 % after 10 days of treatment (t = 3.9, p = 0.002). 75 % of patients from the main group and 33.3 % from the compa­rison group assessed the effectiveness of treatment as high according to the Likert index. Neither group reported localized nor systemic side effects. Conclusions. Monotherapy of ketoprofen gel significantly reduced the intensity of pain and improved the functional capacity of patients with LBP. The absence of side effects during treatment indicates its high safety profile for patients.

scholarly journals Anesthetic effects of varying doses of Fentanyl combined with spinal Bupivacaine in caesarean delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Puja Thapa ◽  
Amir Babu Shrestha ◽  
Mallika Rayamajhi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Motor Block ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Spinal Opioids ◽  
Effective Analgesia

<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>Spinal opioids have gained popularity in recent years as they augment the analgesia produced by local anesthetics. Fentanyl is one of the opioids used for such purpose however the optimal dose has not been described adequately in the literature available so far in our setup. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of adding various doses of Fentanyl to low dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine intrathecally.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods</strong></p><p>Seventy-five parturients scheduled for caesarean delivery were randomly allocated into three groups (Bupivacaine-Fentanyl) BF10, BF20 and BF30 who received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine 1.6 ml with Fentanyl 10µg, 20 µg and 30 µg respectively. Total volume was made to 2.2ml by adding normal saline. The outcomes measured were peak sensory level, degree of motor block, quality of intraoperative anesthesia, duration of effective analgesia, neonatal APGAR score and side effects were noted if any.</p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>Peak sensory level and degree of motor block was similar in all the groups. Peak sensory level (Thoracic Dermatome) was 4.52± 0.82, 4.32± 0.62 and 4.32± 0.74 (p=0.540) in BF10, BF20 and BF30 respectively. Degree of motor block was not significantly different (p=1.000). Quality of intraoperative anesthesia improved from BF10 to BF20 (P=0.040) but did not improve significantly from BF20 and BF30 (P=0.189). Duration of effective analgesia prolonged as the dose of Fentanyl increased which was in minutes 173.64±41, 216.80±32 and 273.16±35 (p=0.000) in BF10,BF20 and BF30 respectively. Neonatal APGAR scores were similar in all groups and very little adverse effects in higher doses.</p><p> <strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>The combination of 1.6 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 20 µg of Fentanyl intrathecally provides excellent surgical anesthesia, prolonged postoperative effective analgesia with very few side effects. Increasing the dose of Fentanyl beyond it could prolong the postoperative pain relief but at the cost of increased adverse effects.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of 0.5% Levobupivacaine Versus 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine with 3mcg Dexmedetomidine in Spinal Anaesthesia- A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
Rajeev Tiwari ◽  
Saurabh Misra ◽  
Shivendu Shekhar Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Motor Block ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Effective postoperative pain control is an essential component of the care of the surgical patient. The present study was conducted to compare levobupivacaine 0.5% versus isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% with 3mcg dexmedetomidine in spinal anaesthesia.Subjects and Methods:The present study was conducted on 80 patients of ASA Grade-I and Grade-II of both genders. They were divided into 2 groups of 40 each. Group I were those who received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with 0.3 ml of normal saline and group II patients received 3 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine with  3µg of dexmedetomidine. Parameters such as onset of sensory blockade at T10 dermatome and onset of motor blockade motor blockade, maximum level of sensory and motor blockade attained and the time taken for the same, total duration of sensory blockade and motor blockade were recorded.Results:Group I, ASA grade I was seen in 25 and II in 15, in group II, ASA grade I was seen in 22 and II in 18 patients. Group I comprised of 18 males and 22 females, group II had 20 males and 20 females. Mean duration of surgery in group I was 58.2 minutes in group I and 56.4 minutes in group II. Mean heart rate was 82.3 per minute in group I and 81.6 per minute in group II. The mean time required to obtained sensory block in group I was 10.4 minutes and in group II was 7.4 minutes. The mean time for motor block in group I was 8.2 minutes and in group II was 5.4 minutes. The mean time required to obtain motor block in group I was 16.5 minutes and in group II was 16.1 minutes.Conclusion:Authors found that addition of intrathecal dexmedetomidine to 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine shortens sensory and motor block onset time and prolongs block duration.

scholarly journals Comparison between high dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine (12.5 mg) alone versus low dose hyperbaric Bupivacaine (7.5 mg) with Fentanyl (25 µg) in spinal anaesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish B. Kotwani ◽  
Kanchan Rupwate ◽  
Prashanth Shivananda ◽  
Jyoti Magar
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Motor Blockade ◽  
Hyperbaric Bupivacaine ◽  
Inguinal Hernia Surgery ◽  
Group B

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> For performing inguinal hernia surgeries, giving spinal anesthesia is a well known technique as it easy and provides fast onset, effective sensory and motor blockade in an awake patient. Now-a-days Bupivacaine is gaining importance as an effective spinal anaesthetic agent in combination with opioid analgesic Fentanyl to reduce the postoperative pain and side effects associated with surgery. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of intrathecal Bupivacaine alone versus combination of Bupivacaine with Fentanyl.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study designed was a prospective, randomized, double blinded comparative study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 25 each. Group B received hyperbaric intrathecal Bupivacaine 12.5 mg and Group BF received diluted hyperbaric intrathecal Bupivacaine 7.5 mg and Fentanyl 25 µg for spinal anesthesia . Parameters like sensory and motor block were assessed. Side effects produced during perioperative and postoperative period were observed and noted. Satisfactory criteria by the surgeons and patients were considered.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The time taken to attain surgical anesthesia and peak sensory levels in minutes was statistically significant in Group B compared to Group BF. Due to higher dose of Bupivacaine, it was observed that degree of motor blockade is also higher in group B when compared to group BF. The incidence of hypotension, nausea, vomiting and hypothermia are significantly higher in group B due to high dose of Bupivacaine. The surgeons and patients satisfaction was good in both the groups.  </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Low dose Bupivacaine in combination with Fentanyl is safe and effective alternative for spinal anesthesia for inguinal herniorrphaphy as compared to conventional high dose Bupivacaine alone.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document