scholarly journals The Distributional Impact of Tobacco Tax Increases in Ukraine on Tobacco Use and Spending: Estimates from Survey Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (May Supplement) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Dauchy ◽  
Konstantin Krasovsky
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Distributional Impact

scholarly journals Designing an Optimum Fiscal Policy for Tobacco to Maximise the Tax Revenue, Social Savings and the Net Monetary Benefits in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathira Kasun Perera ◽  
Bharat Phani Vaikuntam ◽  
Denny John ◽  
Buddhika Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
The Government ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit ◽  
Tobacco Taxation

Background: Fiscal policy targeting tobacco control is identified as the most effective strategy for rapid control of tobacco use. An optimum fiscal policy to estimate the percentage taxation that will maximise the government tax revenue, social savings and the net monetary benefit has not been empirically designed before in Sri Lanka. Methods: A model was developed using Microsoft Excel 2016, utilizing up-to-date published evidence on the cigarette sales, current fiscal policy, social cost of tobacco use, consumer response and the price elasticity of cigarettes. Univariate estimates on the expected revenue from tobacco tax, average annual social savings and the net monetary benefit were predicted for different levels of tobacco taxation. A deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed covering all possibilities. The percentage taxation maximizing the government tax revenue and the net monetary benefit were identified. Results: It was estimated that a further 30% tax increase from the 2019 baseline will generate approximately LKR 3544 million per year of additional tax revenue for the government while saving LKR 28 069 million per annum as social savings. A fiscal elevation of 50% will produce identical annual tax revenue to that of 2018, while securing a social saving of more than LKR 47 600 million per annum. The maximum net monetary benefit is achievable at an overnight tax increase of 90% from the baseline, however with a short-term compromise in tax revenue. Conclusion: The well-defined thresholds take tobacco taxation advocacy in Sri Lanka a step forward and will assist the government in taking an informed decision on its fiscal policy for cigarettes.

Economic Costs of Diseases and Deaths Attributable to Tobacco Use in India, 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijo M John ◽  
Praveen Sinha ◽  
Vineet Gill Munish ◽  
Fikru T Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Care System

Abstract Introduction About 28.6% of Indian adults use tobacco. This study estimates the economic burden of deaths and diseases attributable to smoking and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use for persons aged ≥35 years. Methods The National Sample Survey data on healthcare expenditures, the Global Adult Tobacco Survey data on tobacco use prevalence, and relative risks of all-cause mortality from tobacco use were used to estimate the economic burden of diseases and deaths attributable to tobacco use in India, using a prevalence-based attributable-risk approach. Costs are estimated under the following heads: (1) direct medical and nonmedical expenditures; (2) indirect morbidity costs; and (3) indirect mortality costs of premature deaths. Results Total economic costs attributable to tobacco use from all diseases and deaths in India in the year 2017–2018 for persons 35 years or older amount to INR 1773.4 billion (US $27.5 billion), of which 22% is direct and 78% is indirect cost. Men bear 91% of the total costs. Smoking contributed 74% and SLT use contributed 26% of the costs. Conclusions The economic costs of tobacco use amount to approximately 1.04% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP), while the excise tax revenue from tobacco in the previous year was only 12.2% of its economic costs. The direct medical costs alone amount to 5.3% of total health expenditure. The enormous costs imposed on the nation’s health care system due to tobacco use could potentially stress the public health care system and strain the economy and it warrants massive scaling up of tobacco control efforts in India. Implications The study finds that the economic burden from tobacco constitutes more than 1% of India’s GDP, and the direct health expenditures on treating tobacco-related diseases alone accounts for 5.3% of the total private and public health expenditures in India in a year. It shows that, for every INR 100 that is received as excise taxes from tobacco products, INR 816 of costs is imposed on society through its consumption. It establishes that tobacco consumption is a major resource drain on the national exchequer, and its effective regulation through comprehensive fiscal and non-fiscal policies is highly warranted.

Association between felt ambivalence and the desire to quit waterpipe use among college students

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1780-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac M Lipkus ◽  
Devon Noonan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Waterpipe Use

College waterpipe tobacco smokers who feel more ambivalence, that is, conflicted about its use, may have a stronger desire to quit. Using baseline survey data of 315 college waterpipe smokers, we examined this relationship. While frequency of feeling ambivalence was low, greater ambivalence was related with desire to quit ( r = .46, p < .001). This relationship remained significant after accounting for several correlates of desire to quit (e.g. perceived risk and worries about harm and addiction). Findings suggest that ambivalence may be an important independent variable linked with desire to quit and should be explored further as a factor influencing waterpipe tobacco use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of illicit tobacco use and tobacco tax avoidance in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. McDonnell ◽  
Robert McCausland ◽  
Sheila Keogan ◽  
Luke Clancy ◽  
Carmen Regan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
In Pregnancy

Smoker support for increased (if dedicated) tobacco tax by individual deprivation level: national survey data

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Wilson ◽  
D Weerasekera ◽  
R Edwards ◽  
T Blakely
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Tobacco Tax

Eliminating Invalid Self-Report Survey Data

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Pokorny ◽  
Leonard A. Jason ◽  
Michael Schoeny ◽  
Carrie J. Curie ◽  
Stephanie M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Missing Responses

A sample of 6,370 students in Grades 6 to 8 completed a questionnaire on their attitudes and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. A subsample showed questionable data based on three criteria: missing responses, invalid responses, and inconsistent responses. Analysis indicated that this subsample was significantly different from the main group on demographic variables and self-reported lifetime tobacco use. Results support efforts to identify and eliminate invalid data.

Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Guo ◽  
G. Quan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tobacco Tax ◽  
Health Organization

Healthy China 2030 aims to reduce the adult smoking rate from 27.7% in 2015 to 20% by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a review of the tobacco control measures introduced in China to date, the gaps that remain and the opportunities ahead. In 2008, the World Health Organization introduced six measures to reduce demand for tobacco called MPOWER. The progress China has made in implementing these measure varies: 1) monitor tobacco use and prevention policies. The surveillance on tobacco use has been rigorous, but the monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control policies needs to be strengthened; 2) protect people from tobacco use: pushes for national tobacco control legislation have stalled, but 18 subnational legislations have passed; 3) offer help to quit tobacco use. The accessibility and quality of cessation services needs to be improved; 4) warn about the dangers of tobacco. While there are no pictorial health warnings, tobacco control advocates have launched a series of anti-smoking media campaigns to inform the public; 5) enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Legal loopholes and poor enforcement remain challenges; 6) raise taxes on tobacco: cigarettes in China are relatively cheap and increasingly affordable, which demonstrates the need for further tobacco tax increases indexed to inflation and income. China maintains a tobacco monopoly that interferes with tobacco control efforts and fails to regulate tobacco products from the public health perspective. Effective MPOWER measures, which depend upon the removal of tobacco industry interference from policymaking, are key to achieving the goal set by Healthy China 2030.

ASPECTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN GREECE: 1959-1982

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Λειβαδά
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Distributional Impact ◽  
Reported Income

THIS THESIS EXAMINES MACROECONOMIC AND MICROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN GREECE DURING THE PERIOD 1959-1982. THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS ARE CONCERNED WITH THE TREND AND CYCLES OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION. THE MICROECONOMIC ASPECTS ARE RELATED TO THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT OF HOUSEHOLD'S INFLATION RATES. A BROAD SET OF SUMMARY AND DISAGGREGATED INEQUALITY MEASURES IS COMPUTED FOR THE FORMER PURPOSE USING REPORTED INCOME DATA FROM TAX DECLARATIONS. THERE IS A DISCREPANCY IN THE SUGGESTED INEQUALITY TREND DUE TO INTERSECTING LORENZ CURVES AND THE PROPERTIES SATISFIED BY EACH INEQUALITY INDEX. ALSO, THE 1981-82 HOUSEHOLD EXENDITURE SURVEY DATA ARE USED TO CALCULATE THE DISTRIBUTION RATES ACROSS HOUSEHOLDS.

Demand for tobacco products in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056297
Author(s):  
Nasiruddin Ahmed ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed Mozumder ◽  
Md. Tariq Hassan ◽  
Rumana Huque
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Price Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Expenditure Survey ◽  
Tobacco Tax

BackgroundTobacco tax increase is considered as one of the most effective means to reduce tobacco consumption and its consequences. An increase in taxes, which results in an increase in the price of tobacco products, reduces consumption. Historically, a number of studies estimated the responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price—the price elasticity of demand—of tobacco products in Bangladesh. However, the government’s stronger commitment to reducing tobacco use, rising standard of living, rapidly changing cultural norms due to globalisation, and the substantial fall in tobacco use seen in GATS 2017 necessitate an updated measure of price elasticity of tobacco use, which will allow for more accurate answers to questions of tobacco tax policy in the country. This study endeavours to fill this gap in the literature on demand for tobacco products in Bangladesh.ObjectiveTo estimate the price elasticity of demand for tobacco products, namely cigarettes, biris and smokeless tobacco (SLT) products with the 2016 household income and expenditure survey data in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used the Deaton model (1997) to estimate the price elasticities of demand for tobacco products using the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 dataset of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The HIES 2016 surveyed 46 076 households spread over 2304 primary sampling units across the country. We have calculated own price elasticities of demand for tobacco products by expenditure groups and by regions (rural and urban).ResultsThe estimates of own-price elasticity of demand for cigarette, biri and SLT products are −1.03, −1.34 and −0.30, respectively. The results show that rural households are more responsive to changes in the prices of cigarettes than urban households. Households with low expenditure are found to be more responsive to changes in the price of cigarettes than the households with high expenditure. This suggests that increases in cigarette prices at the lower end would effectively reduce cigarette consumption among the people having low expenditure and improve health equity.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the demand for smoking tobacco products is responsive to price changes. Therefore, substantial increase in the prices of tobacco products through taxation will result in significant reduction in tobacco use, particularly among the low expenditure households, while increasing government revenue.

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