scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Serangga Fitofag pada Sengon Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes dari Jawa dan Hawaii di Persemaian di Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Yendra Pratama Setyawan ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Hermanu Triwidodo ◽  
Kenneth Puliafico
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Timber Plantations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Albizia (Falcataria moluccana) cultivated in Indonesia for timber plantations can increase the farmer’s income, even though albizia became an invasive alien species that can cause the economic and ecological losses. The controlling of invasive species using biological control is an effective method. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytophagous insects on albizia from Java and Hawaii in seedling in Bogor. The experiment was conducted in Carangpulang, Dramaga, Bogor. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design using seed origin as a treatment (albizia Java and Hawaii) with 4 replicates. Total number of tree sample was 160 trees. Observations were conducted every 2 weeks until 32 weeks after planting. Identification of insects was conducted in the Laboratory of Insect Biosystematics, IPB. A total of 67 phytophagous insects were collected, 57 species in albizia from Java and 54 species in albizia from Hawaii. There was no difference in abundance and diversity of phytophagous insects on albizia from Java and Hawaii. Larvae of Eurema blanda (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) became an important pest causes leaf defoliation. Furthermore, Hulodes caranea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Margarodes sp. (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), Choristoneura sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Adoxophyes sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) identified as important pests that have not been reported in the other research.   Keywords: albizia, defoliator insect, Fabaceae, important pests, invasive alien species

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dan Bagian Asal Bibit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Pembibitan Tebu

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Oki Puspita Wardani ◽  
Priyadi Priyadi ◽  
Yatmin Yatmin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Plant Growth Substances

This study was conducted on Pujodadi Village, Trimurjo, Central Lampung from September to December 2020. The study used a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor is concentration of plant growth substances which consists of 5 levels; Z0 (0 ml.lt-1), Z1 (3.5 ml.lt-1), Z2 (7 ml.lt-1), Z3 (10.5 ml.lt-1) and Z4 (14 ml.lt-1). The second factor is the origin of the seed consists of three parts; P1 (top), P2 (middle), and P3 (bottom). The research objective was to study the effect of plant growth substances concentration and part of seed origin in sugarcane seedlings. The results showed that the plant growth substances concentration significantly increased the percentage of growth and the time 50% of the seeds sprouted. The seed origin of the top part showed the best growth compared to the middle and bottom. There was no interaction between plant growth substances concentration and seed origin on sugarcane seed growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Methyl Eugenol Block Plus on Bactrocera dorsalis Complex Total Captured in Chili Plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena ◽  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin ◽  
Fauza Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Important Pest

Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are an important pest for horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables. One of the most effective and eco-friendly methods to control male and female fruit flies is by usingtraps that use Methyl Eugenol (ME) block plus fruit essence as an attractant. The purposes of this research were to acquire the most effective formulation of ME Block plus fruit essence to catch the most male and female fruit flies on the chili plantation and to detremine the increase in total of fruit flies caught. This research started from December 2017 to January 2018 at Cibeureum Village, Sukamantri District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The research was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of adding fruit essence to the ME block: 2 ml of ME on cotton; 2 ml of ME block; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of mango essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of orange essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of guava essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of star fruit essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of chili essence; Antilat (Organic pesticide) as a comparison. The results showed that ME block plus fruit essence has increased the total of male fruit flies caught, but it did not attract female fruit flies. The best combinations with the highest average of male fruit flies caught were ME block plus orange essence with 750.67/5 week, followed by ME block plus chili essence with 746.00/5 week

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EAR DAMAGE CAUSED BY CATERPILLAR PESTS IN TRANSGENIC (BT) MAIZE HYBRIDS AND CONVENTIONAL MAIZE HYBRIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
MARCOS DONISETI MICHELOTTO ◽  
WILLIANS CÉSAR CARREGA ◽  
AILDSON PEREIRA DUARTE ◽  
ROGÉRIO SOARES DE FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The State ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Cry 1Ab

The use of transgenic (Bt) maize hybrids has been an important tool to minimize ear damages caused by the caterpillar pests Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The objective of this work was to evaluate ear damages caused by caterpillar pests in maize hybrids with Bt technologies and in their respective conventional versions (non-Bt) for control of caterpillar pests that attack maize ears in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Experiments were carried out in four regions of the state, in two summer crops (2009/10 and 2010/11), using a randomized block design with 6x2 factorial arrangements. The first factor was the hybrids and the second factor was the use or not of Bt technology. During harvesting, the percentage of damaged ears was evaluated and damage scores were attributed to a sample of 20 ears per plot. It was found that: (i) YieldGard and Total Liberty (both Cry 1Ab), Herculex (Cry 1F), VTPRO (Cry 1A.105 + Cry2Ab2) and Viptera (VIP3Aa20) technologies, regardless of the hybrid and the season crop, significantly reduce the ear damages and the percentage of damaged ears; (ii) hybrids expressing the Cry 1Ab protein are more damaged by caterpillar pests compared with other technologies; and (iii) there is great variability among hybrids when expressing toxins, even among those hybrids with the same Bt event.

Kombinasi Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe dengan Insektisida Fipronil untuk Pengendalian Hama Trips pada Kacang Hijau

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
S. W. Indiati
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Severe Attack ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Important Pest

Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus is an important pest on mungbean. Severe attack by thrips causes yield losses up to 64%. Control measure by combining the use of botanical and synthetic insecticides is expected to reduce the amount use of synthetic insecticides. The research was aimed to obtain the proper time and frequency applications of botanical and synthetic insecticides, most effectively control the thrips on mungbean. The research was conducted at Muneng research station during dry season of 2012. The treatment were arranged on randomized block design, three replications of 10 treatments. New mungbean varieties, Vima-1 was planted on plot of 20 m x 3 m, with 40 cm x 15 cm spacing, two plants per hill. Fertilization of 45 kg Urea + 45 kg SP36 + 50 kg KCl/ha were applied at planting. Observations were made on thrips populations, damages caused by thrips attack, grain yield and yield components. Results showed that the use of fipronil 2 ml/l at 10 days after planting (DAP) followed by application of ginger rhizome extract 20 g/l at 17; 24; 31 DAP and the use of fipronil 2 ml/l at 10 and 17 DAP followed by application of ginger rhizome extract 20 g/l at 24 and 31 DAP effective to control thrips, equivalent with the use of fipronil 2 ml / l at 10; 17; 24; 31 DAP . The use of ginger extract as botanical insecticide reduces the use of synthetic insecticide thus maintains the quality of environment by reducing the insecticide residue.

scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS DUA ISOLAT LOKAL JAMUR Nomuraea rileyi (FARLOW) SAMSON TERHADAP Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽  
HERI PRABOWO ◽  
SRI MULYANINGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Nomuraea Rileyi ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Epizootik Nomuraea rileyi telah berkembang secara alami dalam<br />populasi lebih dari 30 spesies serangga inang, termasuk H. armigera.<br />Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat Malang mulai Januari hingga<br />Desember 2011, tujuannya untuk mengetahui patogenisitas dua isolat lokal<br />jamur entomopatogen N. rileyi terhadap larva H. armigera. Penelitian<br />terdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan, faktor 1 adalah dua isolat lokal N. rileyi,<br />yaitu ML 01 dan LG 02, dan faktor 2 adalah konsentrasi konidia, yaitu: 2,2<br />x 10 5 ; 4,5 x 10 5 ; 2,2 x 10 6 ; 4,5 x 10 6 ; 2,2 x 10 7 ; 4,5 x 10 7 ; 2,2 x 10 8 ; 4,5 x<br />10 8 konidia/ml, dan kontrol. Setiap perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan<br />Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Aplikasi jamur pada<br />larva H. armigera dilakukan dengan metode kontaminasi permukaan<br />media yang berupa daun kapas muda (1cm 2 ) di dalam ruangan bersuhu<br />25±1⁰C dan kelembapan 75-80%. Parameter yang diamati adalah<br />mortalitas larva, LC 50 dan LT 50 , serta bobot larva. Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa tingkat patogenisitas isolat ML 01 terhadap larva H.<br />armigera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat LG 02. Isolat ML 01<br />menyebabkan mortalitas larva H. armigera antara 51,13-85,56% (LC 50  =<br />2,5 x 10 2  Konidia/ml) dan isolat LG 02 antara 43,36-78,90%, (LC 50  =<br />5x10 6  Konidia/ml). LT 50 isolat ML 01 antara 5,2-5,5 hari, sedangkan isolat<br />LG 02 antara 6,8-7,0 hari, terutama pada konsentrasi 2,2-4,5 x 10 8<br />konidia/ml. Terdapat korelasi positif yang erat antara konsentrasi konidia<br />dan mortalitas larva baik pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,975) maupun LG 02<br />(r=0,980), demikian pula antara konsentrasi konidia dan kehilangan bobot<br />larva pada isolat ML 01 (r=0,982) dan LG 02 (r=0,972).<br />Kata kunci: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, patogenisitas, isolat,<br />mortalitas</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />The epizootic of the fungi Nomuraea rileyi has naturally developed<br />in more than 30 species of insect host population, including cotton<br />bollworm, H. armigera. A study on pathogenicity of two local isolates of<br />Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson fungi against Helicoverpa armigera<br />(Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was conducted at Insect Pathology<br />Laboratory of Indonesian Sweeteners and Fibers Crops Research Institute<br />(ISFCRI) in Malang from January to December 2011 in order to find out<br />the pathogenicity of the isolates against H. armigera larvae. This study<br />consists of two factors as treatment. The first factor was N. rileyi isolates,<br />e.g. ML 01 and LG 02, and the second factor were eight conidia<br />concentrations, viz. 2.2 x 10 5 ; 4.5 x 10 5 ; 2.2 x 10 6 ; 4.5 x 10 6 ; 2.2 x 10 7 ; 4.5<br />x 10 7 ; 2.2 x 10 8 ; 4.5 x 10 8 conidia/ml, and one untreated control.<br />Treatments were arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design with<br />three replications. Suspense of conidia was applied by surface<br />contamination method of cotton leaf as medium at 25±1⁰C of temperature<br />and 75-80% of humidity. Parameter observed were larval mortality, LC 50 ,<br />LT 50 , and larval weight. Result showed that ML 01 isolate was more<br />pathogenic against H. armigera larvae than LG 02 isolate based on larval<br />mortality, LC 50 , and LT 50 . Percentage of mortality of H. armigera larvae<br />due to ML 01 and LG 02 infection were 51.1- 85.56% and 43.36-78.90%,<br />respectively. The LC 50 of ML 01 and LG 02 isolates was 5.2-5.5 days and<br />6.8-7.0 days, respectively.There are closest positive correlation between<br />conidia concentration and percentage of mortality on ML 01 (r = 0.975)<br />and LG 02 (r = 0.980) isolates as well as between conidia concentration<br />and larval weight loss on ML 01 (r = 0.982) and LG 02 (r = 0.972)<br />isolates.<br />Key words: Helicoverpa armigera, Nomuraea rileyi, pathogenicity,<br />isolate, mortality</p>

Innovation of Natural Preservation of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Using Coconut Coconut Ashes with Drying Time Variations on Hedonics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Agustina ◽  
Rita Sunartaty ◽  
Teuku Makmur
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Basic Ingredient ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salt Substitute ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Rastrelliger Kanagurta

Coconut frond ash is one of the wastes from coconut trees which has not been maximally utilized. Coconut frond ash contains MgCl2 and KCl so that it can be used as a salt substitute in the process of preserving fish. In this study coconut frond ash was used as a basic ingredient for making dried mackerel with a long time of drying to storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying time on mackerel storage. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors studied. The first factor is the drying time consists of 3 levels, namely P1 = 3 days, P2 = 4 days, P3 = 5 days. The second factor is storage which consists of 3 levels, namely S1 = 30 days, S2 = 60 days, S3 = 90 days. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units to observed hedonic tests. From the results of the study it can be stated that the treatment has a very significant effect (P≥0.01) on the hedonic test which includes (color, aroma, taste and texture).

Kualitas Semen Cair Kambing Boer Berbahan Pengencer Air Kelapa Muda Varietas Viridis Setelah Simpan Dingin

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ade Salim ◽  
Muhammad Nur Ihsan ◽  
Nur Isnaini ◽  
Trinil Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

ABSTRAKAir kelapa muda varietas viridisdapat dijadikan pengencer aletrnatif semen cair bagi program IB di daerah minim sarana semen beku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa muda viridissebagai bahan pengencer terhadap kualitas semen cair kambing Boer setelah didinginkan. Dilaksanakanselama 3 bulan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan UBUnit SumberSekar,Malang. Metodenya yaitu eksperimen. Semen dari  3 pejantan Boer umur 3-5 tahun, dikoleksi seminggu sekali dengan VB. Air kelapa mudaviridis umur 5-7 bulan serta tris aminomethane sebagai kontrol. Didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (tris aminomethane + 10% KT) dan  P1 (air kelapa muda viridis + 10% KT) masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis Ragam (Anova) dengan software Genstat 18. Variabelnya yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian yaitu motilitas individu pada P1bertahan sampai 4 hari (40,5± 24,3%), viabilitas terbaik sampai hari ke-5 (42±24,6%), abnormalitas terendah di hari ke-7(1,31± 0,6). Kesimpulannya, Pengencer air kelapa muda viridis dapat mempertahankan kualitas semen cair kambing Boer selama 4 hari untuk motilitas dan 5 hari untuk viabilitas.Kata Kunci:pengencer, air kelapa, varietas viridisABSTRACTYoung viridis coconut water could be used as an alternative to liquid semen diluent for artificial insemination program in the area with limited facility for frozen semen production. This study evaluated the use of young coconut water as a diluent on liquid semen quality of Boer goat after cold storage. This study was carried out for 3 months at Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The semen was collected from 3 Boer bucks aged at 3 to 5 years old. The semen collection was done once a week with the aid of artificial vagina. The diluents used were young Viridis coconut (5 to 7 months old) and tris aminomethane. The method used was an experiment in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments used were T0: tris aminomethane + 10% egg yolk (control) and T1:  young Viridis coconut water + 10% egg yolk. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Genstat 18 software. The variables measured were sperm individual motility, viability, and abnormality. The results showed that the sperm individual motility in T1 survived up to 4 days (40.5± 24.3%), the best viability at 5 days (42.0±24.6%),  while the lowest abnormality at 7 days (1.31±0.6). It could be concluded that: 1. Tris aminomethane diluent has higher quality with the storage length up to 9 days, 2. Young Viridis coconut water diluent could preserve liquid semen quality of Boer goat up to 4 days for sperm motility and 5 days for sperm viability.Keywords: diluents, coconut water, viridis variety

Combining ability and heterosis studies across environments in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sood ◽  
N. Kalia ◽  
S. Bhateria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Fibre Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were calculated for fourteen lines of linseed in a line × tester mating design using twelve lines and two diverse testers in two different environments. The hybrids and parental lines were raised in a completely randomized block design with three replications to investigate seed and fibre yield and their component traits. Genetic variation was significant for most of the traits over environments. Combining ability studies revealed that the lines KL-221 and LCK-9826 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas LMH-62 and LC-2323 were good general combiners for yield components only. Moreover, KL-221 was also a good general combiner for fibre yield. Similarly, B-509 and Ariane were good general combiners for fibre yield and most of its components. Among the specific cross combinations, B-509 × Flak-1 was outstanding for seed yield per plant and B-509 × KL-187 and LC-2323 × LCK-9826 for fibre yield per plant, with high SCA effects. In general, the hybrids excelled their respective parents and the standard checks for most of the characters studied. Based on the comparison of mean performance, SCA effects and the extent of heterosis, the hybrids LC-2323 × LCK-9826 and B-509 × KL-221 appeared to be the most promising for both seed and fibre yield. Other promising combinations were LC-2323 × KL-210 and B-509 × Ariane for seed and fibre yield, respectively. The superiority of LC-2323, LCK-9826, KL-221, B-509 and Ariane as good general combiners was further confirmed by the involvement of these parents in the desirable cross combinations.

PENGARUH KADAR PROTEIN DAN LEMAK PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KOMPOSISI BADAN IKAN KERAPU MACAN, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Neltje Nobertine Palinggi ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Makmur Makmur ◽  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tiger Grouper ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Protein Diets

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kebutuhan optimum kadar protein dan lemak pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan ukuran konsumsi. Sembilan pakan uji dibuat dalam bentuk moist pelet dengan tiga dosis protein (46%, 49%, dan 52%) dan tiga dosis lemak (9%, 11%, dan 13%). Ikan uji dipelihara dalam 27 keramba jaring apung ukuran 1 m x 1 m x 2 m selama 140 hari, diberi pakan uji secara satiasi dua kali sehari dan diset dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial berdasarkan kelompok ukuran bobot awal ikan yaitu (i) 122,0±4,2 g; (ii) 144,0±7,1 g; dan (iii) 172,9±10,5 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan ikan relatif sama (>0,05) di antara perlakuan. Efisiensi pakan cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Tingkat efisiensi pemanfaatan protein cenderung menurun dengan meningkatnya kadar protein pakan, tetapi meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Hasil analisis proksimat badan ikan menunjukkan bahwa kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh peningkatan kadar protein pakan, namun kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan tersebut sedikit naik dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Kadar protein dan abu ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini tampak bahwa pakan dengan kadar protein 49% dan lemak sekitar 11% mampu memberikan pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan yang baik.This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for growth and body composition of tiger grouper. Nine dietary experiments were formulated to moist pellet contain three levels of protein (46%, 49%, and 52%) and three levels of lipid (9%, 11%, and 13%). The fish were fed twice daily to satiation for 140 days in twenty seven net cages of 1 m x 1 m x 2 m, were set up factorial randomized block design based on fish size group i.e. (i) 122.0±4.2 g, (ii) 144.0±7.1 g, and (iii) 172.9±10.5 g. The results shown that specific growth rate and survival rate were not significant different (P>0.05) for all treatments. Feed efficiency increased when protein and lipid content increased. Protein efficiency decreased when protein diets increased and increased when lipid diets increased. No interaction occurred between protein and lipid content to all observable biological variables. Dry matter and lipid content of test fish were not affected by protein diets increase but by lipid diet content. Protein and ash of test fish were not affected by either protein or lipid contained in diet. To assure high growth rates and high quality of fish product, it is suggested to feed tiger grouper with diet containing 49% protein and 11% lipid. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document