scholarly journals Prevalence of oral habits in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽  
Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽  
Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile Of Children With External Ventricular Drainage

10.3823/2317 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alane Barreto de Almeida Leôncio ◽  
Thaís Grilo Moreira Xavier ◽  
Saionara Lenarda Oliveira Dantas ◽  
Cibério Ladim Macêdo ◽  
Andrea Valente Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Objective: tracing the epidemiological profile, focused on infectious aspects, of children undergoing insertion of external ventricular drainage valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Method: A retrospective, documentary and descriptive study of clinical and epidemiological approach with a quantitative analysis of the findings. The sample consisted of 53 children in a pediatric hospital of reference in the state of Paraiba in the period July 2009 to December 2014. For data analysis, non-parametric tests were used, and the chi-square test and Fisher test performed according to the statement. Results: Among the 53 children who participated in our study, 49.1% (26) died. According to the causes found on the death certificate, 69.2% of the causes of death described relation to infection. Conclusion: the high rates of CNS infections and other acquired infections, resulting in the deaths of children who underwent insertion of EVD valve, they are the result of a set of facts involving the care of a multidisciplinary team. The high incidence presented in the shunt study showed that changes and system remaining in the patient to a risk factor for infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of viral hepatitis infection in the population treated at a reference hospital in Alagoas

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. da Silva ◽  
J. R. da S. Ferreira ◽  
A. de P. M. de Carvalho Neto ◽  
D. C. de S. Gomes ◽  
M. G. dos S. Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Abstract Viral hepatitis are widely spread infectious diseases caused by a variety of etiological agents that displays liver tropism as a common characteristic. A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was conducted through the analysis of viral hepatitis medical records treated and diagnosed from 2010 to 2015. The relationship between the variables were made through the chi-square test. 632 viral hepatitis medical records were analyzed. The highest number of cases happened in 2011. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was predominant. The most affected age group was < 20 years and the highest number of cases observed in this age group was related to HAV (p<0.001). The acute clinical form was predominant, with 70.2% of the cases. 92.3% of which corresponded to HAV infection (p<0.001). Most of the cases occurred in the brown race and male gender. Moreover, regarding the probable source/mechanism of infection, the contact with suspicious water/food for hepatitis A cases was highlighted. The sexual form predominated in HBV infection and previous history of blood transfusion in cases of hepatitis C. Most cases were spotted in the mesoregion of Eastern Alagoas, especially in the capital Maceió. It must be observed the importance of knowing the profile of this disease in order to understand its dissemination and thus have subsidies for the creation of actions and strategies to combat the infection.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN THE CITY OF GURUPI, SOUTH REGION OF TOCANTINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nayanne Deusdará Escobar ◽  
Adevan Bofim Costa Junior ◽  
Andreisa Prieb ◽  
Ana Claúdia Sariava Rocha ◽  
Nathalia Freire Gilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The City

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic disease in the region of Gurupi, with higher prevalence in the pediatric age group, aggravated by the high morbidity and low prophylaxis and prevention strategies of this anthropozoonosis. Objective: To characterize the data reported in the municipality of Gurupi - TO in the years 2013 to 2020 and to outline the epidemiological profile of the disease by determining the risk factors for high prevalence of the disease in this locality. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological research, retrospective and documental based, extracted from the database of SINAN (Notifiable Diseases Information System) of Gurupi in the interval between 2013 and 2020. Evaluative questionnaires were applied to all patients notified and found, analyzing the variables described in the study and subsequent statistical application of the chi-square test. Results: In the city of Gurupi, the most affected age group was between 2 and 9 years (37.29%); the most affected gender was male (66.10%); the year of highest prevalence was the year 2017 a total of 37.28% of cases in the analyzed period; and the location of highest prevalence in the municipality were the neighborhoods farthest from the city center.  As for the probable sites for contamination, most people point to their own home as a source of contamination. Conclusion: The epidemiological cut shows the prevalence of VL in the city of Gurupi and highlights the need for preventive intervention protocols for the prevention of the disease in endemic areas to decrease morbidity and mortality and control the number of cases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination and Menstrual Issues - A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Sheela. J
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Female Participant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Abdominal Bloating ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study was aimed to assess the menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination. The objectives of the study was to assess the menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination & to find the association between menstrual issues and socio demographic variables. The study was conducted among 100 female participants who were vaccinated against COVID 19, using purposive sampling method. The present study showed that 88% had taken Covishield and 12 % had taken Covaxin. Majority that is 68% of the female participants belonged to the age group of 18-26 years, 63 % were Hindus and 65% belonged to nuclear family. In terms of the educational status 55% were graduates and 49% were studying. Majority that is 67% had their first menstrual period at the age of 13-15 years and 91% had no menstrual problem before Covid 19 vaccination. Distribution of 88 female participants according to Covishield vaccine and the menstrual issues revealed that 14% had missed periods, 10 % had bleeding or spotting in between periods, 13 % had menstrual bleeding lasting long, 58 % had menstrual cramps, 18% had heavy periods, 24% had breast tenderness, 39% had abdominal bloating, 27% had extreme tiredness, 11% had constipation and 47% had mood swings. Distribution of 12 female participants according to Covaxin vaccine and the menstrual issues revealed that 33% had missed periods, 25% had bleeding or spotting in between periods, 08% had menstrual bleeding lasting long, 50% had menstrual cramps, 17% had heavy periods, 33% had breast tenderness, 33% had abdominal bloating, 67% had extreme tiredness, 25% had constipation and 58% had mood swings. Distribution of female participants aged <20 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/Covaxin revealed that none of the participants in this age group reported any menstrual issues except one person who had extreme tiredness after Covaxin. Chi-Square test or proportion test no possible for both Covishield and Covaxin in age group<20 as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 20 -29 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/ Covaxin revealed that for Covishield the proportion test for menstrual cramps revealed Z=0.426 (not significant, ‘p’>0.05), abdominal bloating Z=7.249 (significant, ‘p’< 0.01) and mood swing Z= 2.558 (significant, ‘p’<0.01) For Covaxin Chi square or proportion test not possible in age group 20 - 29 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 30-39 years who were vaccinated with Covishield/Covaxin revealed that for Covishield the proportion test for breast tenderness revealed Z=0.343 (not significant, ‘p’>0.05). Chi square test & proportion test for missed bleeding, periods lasting long, and cramps is not possible as the observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. For Covaxin Chi square or proportion test not possible in age group 30 - 39 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Distribution of female participants aged 40-49 years who were vaccinated with Covishield, majority had menstrual issues and those who were vaccinated with Covaxin 50% had no menstrual issues. Chi -Square test or proportion test no possible for both Covishield and Covaxin in age group 40-49 years as observed frequencies do not match requirements of the test. Only one female participant aged 50 years and above was vaccinated with Covishield and she had menstrual issues before vaccination too. Therefore statistical analysis possible in this case. A quantitative non- experimental survey approach was chosen for the study. Menstrual issues post COVID 19 vaccination was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Keywords: COVID 19, vaccination, Covishield, Covaxin, menstrual issues.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

scholarly journals Rheumatologist perspective of the Brazilian consensus for detection of auto antibodies in HEp-2 CELLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Carvalho Medeiros Francescantonio ◽  
Leandro Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Luiz Carvalho Francescantonio ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Coelho Andrade ◽  
Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Dichotomous Data ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Relevant Pattern ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Objective To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

scholarly journals Relationship between oral habits and spirometry maneuvers, in children

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Rafaela Coelho Minsky ◽  
Tayná Castilho ◽  
Roseane Rebelo Silva Meira ◽  
Tatiana Godoy Bobbio ◽  
Camila Isabel Santos Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Smirnov Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze whether deleterious oral habits can influence the number of attempts of forced spirometry maneuvers performed by healthy children. Methods: this observational and cross-sectional analytical study included 149 healthy children aged 6-12 years attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. A validated protocol was applied for the analysis of deleterious oral habits. The children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers needed to achieve successful spirometry results, as follows: G1) children who needed 3 maneuvers; G2) 4 maneuvers; G3) 5-8 maneuvers. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare quantitative variables between the groups. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups and qualitative variables. Results: there was no association between the number of attempts and the qualitative variables evaluated by the protocol. There was also no difference between the groups regarding quantitative variables for breastfeeding time, breastfeeding occurrence, use of pacifiers, and thumb sucking. Conclusion: the presence of DOH did not influence the number of forced spirometry maneuvers, performed by the healthy children in this study.

Children’s perception towards parents on learning Mathematics in Sindhuli district

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Yam Prasad Pandeya
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mathematical Achievement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Parental factors play vital role in academic attainment of their offspring. Motivation and counseling stimulate someone to take a desired course of action. This paper attempts to explore the perception of children towards their patents in support, involvement, counseling, and motivation on learning mathematics. This study employed survey research design of the quantitative approach. The total population of the study was90 students (15 students from each six schools) enrolled in Grade ix of Sindhuli district in 2019. The data were collected through self-structured questionnaire using three points-Likert scale items. Mean and standard deviation of each item were calculated and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance was used to test the hypothesis. The finding of this study shows that the parents of Sindhuli district are very conscious about the study of their children whatever their educational level. This study suggests that parent involvement is an inseparable component to promote mathematical achievement of their offspring.

Correlation between Listening Anxiety and Listening Strategies of Chinese Postgraduate Students of Science and Engineering: A Case Study at SUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Listening Anxiety ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Listening Strategies

<p>English listening is one of the five basic skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation that a Chinese postgraduate should acquire, and it is also the most significant one. In this study, 194 first-year postgraduate students at Shanghai University of Engineering Science were invited to report their strategies use and listening anxiety in the questionnaire with the 5-Likert Indirect Foreign Language Listening Strategies Scale and the 5-Likert Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale. The SPSS13.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA, which indicated a medium listening anxiety and a medium level of strategies use. Metacognitive strategies were more frequently used than social and affective strategies, the correlation between listening proficiency and listening anxiety was significantly negative, correlation between listening proficiency and indirect listening strategies was significantly positive, and that between indirect listening strategies and listening anxiety was significantly negative. Indirect listening strategies were useful to allay listening anxiety and would be incorporated into our normal classroom teaching.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating More Effective and Less Effective EFL Learners’Attitudes and Motivational Orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Yousefi Halvaei ◽  
Ali Akbar Ansarin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motivational Orientations ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Questions

The present study investigated the differences in attitudes and motivation between more effective and less effective learners studying at the first year of graduate university program. Based on this aim, first, the researcher developed the three-part 35-item attitude-motivation questionnaire of the present study based on the AMTB developed by Gardner (1985). Second, he selected 441 students (224 male & 217 female) studying at the first year of their graduate program at universities in East Azarbayjan province (Iran) as the participants of the study. Third, he administered the questionnaire of the study to the selected participants and asked them to complete it. Finally, he analyzed the data of the study in order to answer the mentioned research questions. The chi-square test was utilized to analyze the collected data of the study. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between more effective and less effective learners’ attitudes and motivation. Based on the results of the study, it was argued that, the EFL syllabus designers and teachers should help the learners to become aware of their attitudes, and motivational orientations. Furthermore, they should make an effort to tailor classroom materials and classroom teaching to the EFL learners’ individual differences.

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