Epidemiological Profile Of Children With External Ventricular Drainage

Objective: tracing the epidemiological profile, focused on infectious aspects, of children undergoing insertion of external ventricular drainage valve for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Method: A retrospective, documentary and descriptive study of clinical and epidemiological approach with a quantitative analysis of the findings. The sample consisted of 53 children in a pediatric hospital of reference in the state of Paraiba in the period July 2009 to December 2014. For data analysis, non-parametric tests were used, and the chi-square test and Fisher test performed according to the statement. Results: Among the 53 children who participated in our study, 49.1% (26) died. According to the causes found on the death certificate, 69.2% of the causes of death described relation to infection. Conclusion: the high rates of CNS infections and other acquired infections, resulting in the deaths of children who underwent insertion of EVD valve, they are the result of a set of facts involving the care of a multidisciplinary team. The high incidence presented in the shunt study showed that changes and system remaining in the patient to a risk factor for infection.

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Prevalence of oral habits in children

Revista Brasileira de Odontologia ◽

10.18363/rbo.v74n4.p.272 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 272

Author(s):

Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽

Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽

Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽

Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽

Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Study ◽

First Year ◽

Age Group ◽

Absolute Frequency ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

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Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi41.4.2001.202-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Pertin Sianturi ◽

Amir Sarifuddin ◽

Bistok Saing

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Medical Records ◽

Common Complication ◽

Cerebral Function ◽

Partial Seizures ◽

Chi Square ◽

Prolonged Seizure ◽

High Incidence ◽

Chi Square Test

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can affect further brain damage especially if they are with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies between 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that this disorder has common or related origins. We carried out the retrospective study to determine incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered within July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy differed according to type of CP. Data were compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG results. Data were analyzed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0,05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47,8% male, 52,2% female and mean age 50,3 (SD 36,9) months. There were 25 (37,3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasms. The incidence of epilepsy was significant different among patients with CP associated with type of CP and gestasional age, p < 0,05. We concluded that incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP in YPAC Medan was 37,3% and significantly different among patients with CP according to type CP and gestasional age.

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SPECTRUM OF OPTIC NEUROPATHIES PRESENTING IN NEUROOPHTHALMOLOGY CLINIC AT AFIO

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i1.2435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 112-16

Author(s):

Umer Ijaz ◽

Asad Habib ◽

Hassan Sajjad Rathore ◽

Muhammad Imran Sarwar

Keyword(s):

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽

Hospital Record ◽

Chi Square ◽

Common Cause ◽

Common Presentation ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Common Association

Objective: To study the spectrum of optic neuropathies in patient’s presenting at AFIO Rawalpindi. Study Design: Descriptive study/retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of hospital record of patients coming to neuro-ophthalmic clinic of ArmedForces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi, from Jan to Dec 2017 was done. Only patients with clearfinal diagnosis of neurophthalmic disease were included. Those with vague diagnosis were excluded. Data wasentered in SPSS version 22 and grouped into variables before analysis. Chi-square test was used for statisticalanalysis. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Forty-five patients were included in study including 33 (73.3%) males and 12 (26.6%) females. Mean age of patients was 41.64 ± 17.74 years. Patients were grouped into ischemic optic neuropathy 20%, toxic optic neuropathies 20%, compressive optic neuropathies 17.7%, inflammatory optic neuropathies 11%, neuroretinitis 6.7%, hereditary optic neuropathies 6.7%, multiple sclerosis (MS) related 4.4%, neuromylitis optics spectrum (NMO-SD) related 4.4%, traumatic optic neuropathies 4.4% and nutritional optic neuropathies 4.4%. Deficiency of vitamin B12 and vitamin D was strongly associated with nutritional optic neuropathies while raised TLC was most common association with inflammatory optic neuropathies (57.14%) and of neuroretinitis (66%). Anti-tuberculosis drugs were most common cause of toxic optic neuropathies (88.88%). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: Ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common presentation in our population according to ourstudy. However...........

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Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients

CODS Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10063-0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Podutwar Priyanka Diliprao ◽

GS Madhushankari ◽

KP Mohankumar ◽

SB Praveen ◽

Pramod Redder Chandrappa

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Pharyngeal Cancer ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Study Participants ◽

Tobacco Usage ◽

Tobacco Chewing

ABSTRACT Background Tobacco usage in any form has devastating effects on the health of the person including oral and pharyngeal cancer, which is one of the major causes of death. Aim This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco consumption in various forms among dental outpatients. Materials and methods Patients reporting to the outpatient department of the College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Bengaluru, India, were evaluated for the presence or absence of habit. Habit history was recorded using standardized proforma from every patient, and the obtained data was assessed in relation to age, gender, duration of habit, and frequency of tobacco consumption. Results Among the 507 study participants, habits were present in 115 (22.68%), among which 101 (87.82%) were males and 14 (12.17%) were females. Among males, raw tobacco chewing and gutkha chewing had equal prevalence [25 (21.73%)] followed by cigarette smoking [23 (20%)]. In females, tobacco chewing [10 (8.69%)] was the most common habit and none of them smoked tobacco. Habits were more prevalent between the age group of 16 and 30 years. The results were found to be highly significant on applying chi-square test. Conclusion Higher prevalence of tobacco usage among the study population as compared with other studies needs to be addressed and counseled. How to cite this article Diliprao PP, Madhushankari GS, Mohankumar KP, Praveen SB, Chandrappa PR, Nandini DB. Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):9-11.

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Treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment, tuberculosis unit, Nahan, Himachal Pradesh, 2013-2015: a record based descriptive study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182618 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 2894 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rashmi Kashyap ◽

Kamaljit Singh

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Success Rate ◽

Health Workers ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Treatment Success Rate ◽

Chi Square ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Poor Treatment Outcome

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has existed for millennia and remains a major global health problem. There has been significant progress in cure rates achieved in revised national tuberculosis programme (RNTCP), however concerns regarding effectiveness of RNTCP regimens, still exist. These concerns could be addressed through an assessment of treatment outcome. The present study was conducted to ascertain the treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients under DOTS treatment.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted in patients enrolled under directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS). The data included the summary of case findings as new smear positive, new smear negative, new extrapulmonary, new others, relapse, failure, treatment after default, category II. Treatment outcome was assessed as cured, treatment completed, died, loss to follow up, failure and transferred out. Different variables were represented as frequency distribution and percentages. Chi square test was used to observe the association of different variables with the outcome of the disease.Results: A total of 899 patients were enrolled under DOTs treatment for tuberculosis. Sputum positivity was present in 481 (72.8%) patients. Outcome showed 384 (79.8%) patients as cured, treatment completed in 414 (81.8%) patients and treatment success rate of 798 (89.7%). Treatment failure was observed 9 (1.9%) patients.Conclusions: Treatment success rate of TB patients in this study was encouraging for TB control through DOTS strategy. However, to reduce poor treatment outcome, patients should be strictly followed by health workers or ASHAs.

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Complications among Mothers and New Born Due to Delivery Process in Selected Hospitals of Rupandehi District Nepal

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20309 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 190-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shanta Sharma ◽

Indra Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Lower Segment ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Child Birth ◽

New Born ◽

Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Child birth is a universally celebrated occasion, yet everyday for thousands of women child birth is experienced not as a joyful event as it should be, but as a private hell that may even end in death. The objective of this study is to determine the complications of normal delivery and cesarean section on the mothers and new born.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in two selected hospitals of Rupandehi district, Nepal. Data was collected as per pretested structured proforma from 550 respondents who were the mothers and new born delivered normally and through cesarean section randomly till the completion of sample size and analyzed by using SPSS, MANOVA and Chi-square test to determine associations between categorical variables.Results: In a total of 550 deliveries,25.8% were cesarean delivery, 42.7% motherssuffered from delivery related complications, common were PPH (21.1%), prolonged labour (8.5%) and wound infection (7.6%). 35.5% of newborn had complications, common were respiratory distress (6.3%) and neonatal jaundice (4.2%).Conclusions: Delivery related complications were higher among Lower segment cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery in mothers and newborn.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA JARAK, TINGGI SIKU DENGAN TEMPAT DUDUK DAN KELUHAN MOSCULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN JUMBO BAG DI PERUSAHAAN PRODUKSI PLASTIK TAHUN 2013

GEMA LINGKUNGAN KESEHATAN ◽

10.36568/kesling.v12i1.52 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Doni Dwi Kristanto ◽

Demes Nurmayanti ◽

Ferry Kriswandana

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sewing Machine ◽

Work Related ◽

Work Spaces ◽

The Poor ◽

Machine Operators ◽

High Incidence ◽

Chi Square Test

Sewing machine operators are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders due toworking in seated position at poorly designed workstations, performing the same operation during theentire course of the workday. The poor postures resulting from these conditions, combined with highlyrepetitive and time-pressured work may result in high incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disordersamong sewing machine operators. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationshipbetween the distance from elbows to seat pan and musculoskeletal complaints among sewing machineoperators in a plastic manufacturing company.This is ananalytical research using cross sectional approach. The total number of subjects understudy were 74 subjects out of a total of 286 workers drawn by random sampling.The study discovered that respondents were subjected to not ergonomics elbow position as manyas 89.6 %, with mild complaints 50 % and serious complaints was 50 %. The chi square test proved thatthere was a relationship between the distance of elbow to the seat with mosculoskeletal complaints.The result of this study concluded that musculoskeletal complaints are prevalent among sewingworkers. Therefore, it is recommended that the company should provide adjustable chairs, allow frequentshort breaks and adequate work spaces to all workers in order to reduce future musculoskeletalcomplaints.

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High Incidence, Re-Infections, and Active Syphilis in Populations Attending a Specialized HIV Clinic in Mexico, a Dynamic Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-559014/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Omar David Tumalán-Gil ◽

Verónica Ruiz-González ◽

Santa García-Cisneros ◽

Andrea González-Rodríguez ◽

Antonia Herrera-Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vulnerable Groups ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Chi Square ◽

Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽

Transgender Persons ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

High Incidence ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Active Syphilis

Abstract Background. Syphilis has reemerged in many vulnerable groups around the world. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of syphilis among people who attended a specialized HIV clinic in Mexico from 2011-2015. Methods. Databases from the laboratory were analyzed and four groups were formed: people seeking HIV-1 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), people in prison (PPr), people living with HIV (PLWH) and patients from primary care clinics (others). Syphilis diagnosis was made using the reverse algorithm; antibody titers were examined to determine the stage of infection. Baseline data was analyzed, and with follow-up information, a retrospective dynamic cohort was formed. Factors associated with seroprevalence of syphilis and active syphilis were evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, risk factors for the incidence of syphilis were described. Results. A total of 81,863 baseline individuals were analyzed. Syphilis seroprevalence was 9.9% in VCT, 8.2% in PPr, 37.0% in PLWH, and 8.7% in others; the prevalence of active syphilis was 1.7-13.1%. A total of 11,124 people were followed-up; the incidence (cases per 100 years people) was 3.5 among VCT and 16.0 among PLWH; moreover, the frequency of re-infections was 11.1-24.4%. Men, transgender, persons between 20-39 years old, and individuals with a history of HIV or hepatitis B had a higher risk of syphilis. Conclusions. Several vulnerable groups have exhibited a reemergence of syphilis, with high prevalence of active syphilis, high incidence, and re-infections. Persons living with HIV had the highest risk.

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Dados Clínicos dos Pacientes Cadastrados no Programa HiperDia, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil/Clinical Data of Patients Registered HiperDia Program, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcsfmit.v2i4.120 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

Jéssica Ribeiro Alves ◽

Fábio Luis Figueiredo Fernandes ◽

Fábio Vieira Lacerda ◽

Paulo José Oliveira Cortez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Key Words Diabetes ◽

Chi Square ◽

Diabetes Type Ii ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Microsoft Office ◽

The City

Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar os dados clínicos dos pacientes cadastrados no HiperDia, verificar a prevalência de doenças associadas e a ocorrência de fatores de riscos, de modo a traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos usuários do HiperDia na cidade de Itajubá, Minas Gerais. Materiais e Métodos: Utilizou-se como instrumento de pesquisa as fichas de cadastro do programa HiperDia de pessoas residentes no município de Itajubá. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para melhor compreensão dos resultados. Os dados coletados foram digitados no programa Microsoft Office Excel 2007 e foram utilizadas funções estatísticas para obter a porcentagem, com o erro populacional, de cada variável. Também foram realizados o teste qui-quadrado (não paramétrico) em relação aos fatores de riscos concomitantes e teste binominal. Resultados: Os fatores de riscos mais relevantes foram antecedentes familiares (64,2%) e sedentarismo (54,2%) e dentre as patologias, a de maior relevância é a hipertensão arterial (85,6%), seguida do diabetes tipo II (30,4%). Observou-se que um número, ainda que pequeno, de pessoas que buscam os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde já possuem complicações e fatores de risco para hipertensão e diabetes. Conclusão: É necessário adotar medidas de aperfeiçoamento dos programas de prevenção; diagnosticar de forma precoce o agravo; diminuir os fatores de risco, conscientizando a população sobre tais doenças e hábitos saudáveis de vida. Palavras chave: Diabetes, Hipertensão, Saúde Pública. ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical data of patients enrolled in the HiperDia, to determine the prevalence of associated diseases and the occurrence of risk factors in order to trace the epidemiological profile of users in the city of HiperDia Itajubá, State of Minas Gerais. Materials and Methods: It was used as a research tool the program registration forms HiperDia of people living in Itajubá city. It was used descriptive statistics to better understand the results. The collected data were entered into the Microsoft Office Excel 2007, using statistical functions to obtain the percentage, with the error population of each variable. Were also conducted "chi-square" test (nonparametric) compared to concomitant risk factors and binomial test. Results: The most relevant risk factors were family history (64,2%) and sedentary lifestyle (54,2%) and among the diseases, the most relevant is hypertension arterial (85,6%), followed by diabetes type II (30,4%). Regarding the presence of complications, Acute Myocardial Infarction followed by Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) were the most outstading. It was observed that a number, even small, of people seeking the services of the Health System already have complications and have risk factors for hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: It is still necessary to take measures for improvement of prevention programs; diagnose thepathology so early; reduce risk factors, sensitizing the population on such diseases and healthy lifestyles. Key words: Diabetes, Hypertension, Public Health

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Determining Erciyes University Students' Knowledge About and Attitudes Toward Sexuality

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2008.36.10.1401 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1401-1409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tülay Özkan ◽

Mürüvvet Başer ◽

Iskender Gün

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

University Students ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

Study Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

First Sexual Intercourse ◽

Chi Square Test

This descriptive study was conducted in order to determine the behaviors and knowledge of Erciyes University students in terms of sexuality. A total of 1,500 final year students from Erciyes University comprised the study group. The data were collected via a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The Chi-square test and student t test were used for statistical analysis. The findings of the study showed 10.9% of the female students and 51.7% of the male students had had a sexual intercourse experience. The average age of the first sexual intercourse experience of the students was 18.2 ± 2.1 years. It was observed that 44.7% of the female students and 36% of the male students were definitely opposed to sexual intercourse before marriage.

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