scholarly journals Investigating More Effective and Less Effective EFL Learners’Attitudes and Motivational Orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Yousefi Halvaei ◽  
Ali Akbar Ansarin
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motivational Orientations ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Questions

The present study investigated the differences in attitudes and motivation between more effective and less effective learners studying at the first year of graduate university program. Based on this aim, first, the researcher developed the three-part 35-item attitude-motivation questionnaire of the present study based on the AMTB developed by Gardner (1985). Second, he selected 441 students (224 male & 217 female) studying at the first year of their graduate program at universities in East Azarbayjan province (Iran) as the participants of the study. Third, he administered the questionnaire of the study to the selected participants and asked them to complete it. Finally, he analyzed the data of the study in order to answer the mentioned research questions. The chi-square test was utilized to analyze the collected data of the study. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between more effective and less effective learners’ attitudes and motivation. Based on the results of the study, it was argued that, the EFL syllabus designers and teachers should help the learners to become aware of their attitudes, and motivational orientations. Furthermore, they should make an effort to tailor classroom materials and classroom teaching to the EFL learners’ individual differences.

Correlation between Listening Anxiety and Listening Strategies of Chinese Postgraduate Students of Science and Engineering: A Case Study at SUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Listening Anxiety ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Listening Strategies

<p>English listening is one of the five basic skills such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation that a Chinese postgraduate should acquire, and it is also the most significant one. In this study, 194 first-year postgraduate students at Shanghai University of Engineering Science were invited to report their strategies use and listening anxiety in the questionnaire with the 5-Likert Indirect Foreign Language Listening Strategies Scale and the 5-Likert Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale. The SPSS13.0 was used to analyze the descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-square test and One-way ANOVA, which indicated a medium listening anxiety and a medium level of strategies use. Metacognitive strategies were more frequently used than social and affective strategies, the correlation between listening proficiency and listening anxiety was significantly negative, correlation between listening proficiency and indirect listening strategies was significantly positive, and that between indirect listening strategies and listening anxiety was significantly negative. Indirect listening strategies were useful to allay listening anxiety and would be incorporated into our normal classroom teaching.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of oral habits in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽  
Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽  
Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Absolute Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral Habits ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

Double diapering facilitates hip maturation in newborns: a prospective randomised control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei C. Lee ◽  
Hsuan K. Kao ◽  
Mei C. Chen ◽  
Wen E Yang ◽  
Shih M. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
First Year ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Maintaining the hips in flexion and abduction posture is a common recommendation to facilitate hip maturation in infants. Double diapering helps to maintain a baby’s hips in flexion and abduction posture, but the efficacy of double diapers in hip development has never been verified. We investigated whether double diapering results in greater improvement of the alpha angle in the first months of life. Methods This prospective randomised control study enrolled newborns with Graf type IIa hips. Babies were assigned to the double-diaper or single-diaper group. Parents were instructed on proper hip positioning, except for diapering. Change in the alpha angle from newborn to 1 month after birth, rate of improvement to bilateral Graf type I hips in 1 month, and number of ultrasound examinations and orthopaedic clinic visits in the first year were compared between the two groups. For babies with bilateral IIa hips, we used the averaged data from both hips, and for babies with unilateral IIa hips, we used the data from the IIa hips. Results Seventy newborns with 102 type IIa hips were included from January to December 2017. They were allocated to the double-diaper group (N=33) and single-diaper group (N=37). With a comparable sex ratio, gestational age, and newborn alpha angle, the double-diaper group had a greater increase of alpha angles in 1 month than the single-diaper group (+7.9° vs. +5.2°, t-test, p=0.011). Twenty-eight babies in the double-diaper group (84.8%) and 20 babies in the single-diaper group (54.1%) improved to having bilateral Graf type I hips (chi-square test, p=0.006). Subsequent clinical visits and hip ultrasounds before 1 year were significantly reduced in the double-diaper group. Conclusions Our results support double diapering for enhancing hip maturation in babies with Graf type IIa hips. The amount of improvement may not indicate double diapering as a treatment for hip dysplasia, but its effects in immature hips are noteworthy in reducing further clinical and ultrasound follow-ups.

A Guiding Hand

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Tasneem Mandviwala
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Motivational Orientation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Motivational Orientations ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

This chapter examines how the intersection of students' race-ethnicity and gender is associated with their motivational orientation toward college. Students' motivational orientations were evident in their reasons for going to college and in their adjustment struggles during the first year. This chapter focuses on how Latinx men's motivational orientations can either align them with or place them at odds with their institutions' dominant cultural orientation. In comparison to Black men, Latinx men were more likely to come from very low-educated and immigrant families. This means that their home life did not include access to a knowledgeable adult who could guide them through the college process, from its very beginning in dealing with applications, school choice, and financial aid, to advice for managing the stress of finals week or support in persistence decisions.

scholarly journals Pharmacology Curriculum and Teaching Methods: A Comparative Study Between Two Nursing Programs in A Nepalese College

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Kumud Kumar Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Nursing Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Bachelor Of Science ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Academic Year

Introduction: Pharmacology is one of the basic science subjects included in graduate nursing programs (B. Sc Nursing and Bachelor of Science in Nursing) under Tribhuvan University. Both these programs are being run at our institute. This article describes the evaluation of pharmacology course and teaching methodology at our institute by B. Sc Nursing (B. Sc) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BNS) students and also compares students’ views between these two nursing programs to facilitate pedagogical learning. Methods: At the end of the course of 2071-2072 BS academic year of first year nursing students of B. Sc and BNS programs, a structured teaching evaluation questionnaire was designed to obtain students’ view on pharmacology curriculum and lectures. Yates corrected Chi square test was applied whenever necessary and p value considered significant at less than or equal to 0.05.Results: Only 37% B. Sc and 60% BNS students responded that the lecture content was in accordance with the curriculum. Only 52% BNS and 97% B. Sc students found the course content to be relevant and useful. 68% BNS students responded that they have felt a lot improvement in their understanding of pharmacology subject as compared to just 23% of B. Sc students. Majority of the students preferred the LCD mode of presentation.Conclusion: There were minor differences found between opinions of two sets of students. Major need for improvement areas suggested in curriculum were course content not being clear and the objectives being ill defined. Similarly, in relation to facilitator, they have recommended to improve voice clarity.

Does Student Sorting Invalidate Value-Added Models of Teacher Effectiveness? An Extended Analysis of the Rothstein Critique

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Koedel ◽  
Julian R. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
Value Added Models ◽  
Value Added Model ◽  
Extended Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Value Added Modeling ◽  
Student Sorting

Value-added modeling continues to gain traction as a tool for measuring teacher performance. However, recent research questions the validity of the value-added approach by showing that it does not mitigate student-teacher sorting bias (its presumed primary benefit). Our study explores this critique in more detail. Although we find that estimated teacher effects from some value-added models are severely biased, we also show that a sufficiently complex value-added model that evaluates teachers over multiple years reduces the sorting bias problem to statistical insignificance. One implication of our findings is that data from the first year or two of classroom teaching for novice teachers may be insufficient to make reliable judgments about quality. Overall, our results suggest that in some cases value-added modeling will continue to provide useful information about the effectiveness of educational inputs.

scholarly journals 2512. Decreasing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy over 4 Years of Follow-up in a Commercially-Insured Population of Patients with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S872-S872
Author(s):  
Julie Priest ◽  
Rachel Bhak ◽  
Maral DerSarkissian ◽  
Cindy Garris ◽  
Alan Oglesby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Date ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Proportion Of Days Covered ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background This study compared yearly and longer term antiretroviral (ARV) adherence among HIV patients overall and by single-tablet regimens (STRs) vs. multi-tablet regimens (MTRs). Methods A retrospective study using Optum Clinformatics US-based claims data was conducted. Patients with an HIV-1 diagnosis during 2011–2017, age ≥ 18 years at index (date of first complete ARV regimen during the study period), and continuous enrollment for ≥ 3 months before index (baseline) and ≥ 12 months after index (observation) were included. MTRs were required to be comprised of 3 or more agents across at least 2 classes. Adherence was measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC) and compared using a Chi-square test. PDC was examined in the 1-year observation period for the overall analysis, and each year following index among patients with at least 4 years of continuous data. A subgroup analysis was conducted among patients with index during 2014–2016 to evaluate modern ARV adherence. Results Among the 15,153 included patients, median age was 45 years, the majority were male (88%), and 53% were in the South. At baseline, 58% (n = 8,715) were receiving an STR and 43% (n = 6,438) an MTR. Compared with STR patients, MTR patients had higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia (36% vs. 29%), cardiovascular disease (27% vs. 21%), and hypertension (25% vs. 20%). During year 1, the proportion of patients with PDC ≥ 0.90 was 63% overall (Table 1), and greater for STR than MTR (67% vs. 58%, P < .001). Among patients with at least 4 years of observation, PDC ≥ 0.90 decreased over time (from 67% in year 1 to 53% in year 4). In the subgroup of patients with index during 2014–2016 (Table 2), similar but slightly worse trends were observed, with PDC ≥ 0.90 for 57% of patients overall, and decreasing over time for those patients with at least 3 years of observation (59% in year 1 to 42% in year 3). Conclusion Adherence in this population of patients with HIV showed room for improvement in the first year of observation overall and in the modern ARV era, with those receiving STRs having higher adherence when compared with those receiving MTRs. For the patients with 4 years of follow-up, adherence tended to decrease year on year. Maintaining high rates of ARV adherence is a critically important aspect of therapy for patients with HIV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

DRUG PRESCRIPTION PROFILE AND PERINATAL DETERMINANTS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. e1.33-e1
Author(s):  
Daniele Piovani ◽  
Antonio Clavenna ◽  
Chiara Pavoni ◽  
Maurizio Bonati
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Drug Prescriptions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of the study was to investigate the drug prescription profile during the first year of life in a cohort of newborns, and the influence of perinatal and socio-demographic factors on drug prescription.A total of 61,479 neonates born in 2011 were included. The data source was the database of reimbursed prescriptions of the Lombardy region, Italy. Drug prescriptions were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. Drug prevalence was calculated as the percentage of neonates receiving at least one drug prescription in one year. Chi-square test was used to compare prevalence of drug prescription in males and females.In all, 42,204 infants (68.7%) received at least one drug prescription, with a prevalence slightly higher in males than females (71.1% versus 66.1%; χ2=178 p<0.01). The drug classes most commonly prescribed in the first year of life were antibiotics (39.5% of infants), anti-asthmatics (32.6%), and corticosteroids for systemic use (9.8%).The median age of first prescription was 20.6 (Interquartile range: 9.4–33.3) weeks. Males received the first prescription about one week before females (20.1 versus 21.3, respectively). The first prescription concerned mainly anti-asthmatics (40.5%), and antibiotics (37.9%), and amoxicillin (16.3%), beclomethasone (16.0%), and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (15.0%) were the most prescribed drugs.In conclusion, in the first year of life, 7 out of 10 infants received drug prescriptions. Males were more exposed than females, a finding consistent with the epidemiology of diseases in infancy. The analysis concerning the influence of maternal and perinatal factors is ongoing.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT HERBAL (JAMU GEPYOK) DENGAN PRODUKSI ASI DI BPS DS. NGUMPAKDALEM KEC. DANDER KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO TAHUN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Fitria Rizky Kurniawati
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

Abstract Indonesian society's interest in complementary or traditional therapy is increasing. The frequency of utilization of complementary alternative therapies is increasing rapidly throughout the world. The result of Susenas (2007) shows Indonesians who complain of pain within the month before the 30.90% survey. Of the residents who complained of illness, the largest percentage (65.01%) chose their own treatment using traditional medicines and / or drugs. The use of traditional medicine in self-medication efforts has steadily increased from 15.2% to 38.3% over the course of 7 years from 2000-2006 (Supardi, S and Andi Leny, 2010)  The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of herbal medicine to facilitate the expansion of breast milk as an effort to reduce the use of conventional medicines in Bojonegoro District in 2017.  This research uses Quasy experimental research design technique (quasi experiment). Based on the place of study including the type of field research design. Population is a subject that meets the criteria that have been set. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers in 10 Puskesmas in Bojonegoro Regency in 2016. Analysis is a very important part to achieve the goal, where the main purpose of research is to answer the research questions in expressing the phenomenon . Data analysis in this study using chi square test. The results showed p value 0.468> 0.05 which means there is no relationship between the use of herbal uyup - uyup with milk production. Keywords: Herbal Medicinal Use and Breastmilk Production

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices of Mothers towards Infant Oral Health Care in Their Children’s First Year of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Mayara Delfino Sentone Rossato ◽  
Márjori Frítola ◽  
Paulo Henrique Rossato ◽  
Valéria Campos Mariano Francelino ◽  
Regina Célia Poli-Frederico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThis study aimed to assess mothers’ oral health-related knowledge and practices in immediate and late puerperium, and in the child’s first year of life. This study is a prospective cohort study, in which data were collected from 358 mothers of children born between 2013 and 2014, in immediate and late puerperium, and in children’s first year of life, by interviews with sociodemographic characterization and oral health questionnaires, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test (α = 5%). Participants were mainly aged 20 to 29 years (53.9%), with 7 to 11 years of education (67.6%), from low social class (72.3%), unemployed (58.9%), married or in common-law marriage (84.1%), with more than one child (60.1%). Although 51.7% of them had received information about children’s oral health, only 0.8%, 32.4% and 13.7%, respectively, knew the concept, etiology and preventive attitudes regarding dental caries. Mothers aged under 20 and over 30 years, with lower education and from low social class presented significantly lower oral health-related knowledge. At children’s first year of life, although 78.7% of the children had already been taken to the dentist, half of them had already tasted sugary foods and drinks. It is highlighted the social determination and the need of an improvement of mothers’ oral health related knowledge and practices. Educational actions, especially in prenatal programs, are important to achieve this improvement and to decrease early childhood caries rates.Keywords: Dental Caries. Child. Health Knowledge Attitudes, Practice. Parents. Oral Health.ResumoAvaliar o conhecimento e as práticas de mães sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos no puerpério imediato, tardio, e no primeiro ano de vida da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, no qual os dados foram coletados de 358 mães de bebês nascidos entre 2013 e 2014, no puerpério imediato, tardio e um ano após o parto, por entrevistas com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e sobre saúde bucal. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas e pelo teste Qui-quadrado (α = 5%). As participantes apresentavam, majoritariamente, idades entre 20 a 29 anos (53,9%), com 7 a 11 anos de estudo (67,6%), eram de baixa classe social (72,3%), desempregadas (58,9%), casadas ou em união estável (84,1%), e tinham mais de um filho (60,1%). Apesar de 51.7% delas afirmarem ter recebido informações sobre saúde bucal infantil, apenas 0,8%, 32,4% e 13,7%, respectivamente, sabiam o conceito, etiologia e as atitudes preventivas à cárie. Mães com idades abaixo de 20 e acima de 29 anos apresentaram menor conhecimento sobre saúde bucal do que as demais. No primeiro ano de vida, apesar de 78,7% das crianças já terem ido ao dentista, metade delas já havia experimentado alimentos e bebidas açucarados. Destaca-se a determinação social e a necessidade de melhora no conhecimento e práticas das mães sobre saúde bucal. Ações educativas, especialmente em programas de atenção pré-natal, são importantes para atingir essa melhora e, consequentemente, diminuir as taxas da cárie na primeira infância. Palavras-chave: Cárie Dentária. Criança. Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas em Saúde. Pais. Saúde Bucal.

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