scholarly journals Efeito do uso de diferentes compostos na produção de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) em cultivo orgânico

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
M. S. Teodoro ◽  
F. J. S. Seixas ◽  
M. N. Lacerda ◽  
L. M. S. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar, em condições de casa de vegetação, a influência de cinco compostos orgânicos na adubação de plantio e de cobertura de tomate híbrido do tipo Caqui. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos, contendo biomassa vegetal provenientes do banco de leguminosas da Embrapa Meio-Norte. As leguminosas utilizadas na confecção dos compostos foram o guandu Cultivar Fava Larga (<em>Cajanus cajan</em>), a Crotalária juncea (<em>Crotalaria juncea</em> L.), a Leucena (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em>), a Gliricídia (<em>Gliricidia sepium</em>) e a Mucuna preta (<em>Mucuna aterrima</em>). A gramínea utilizada foi o capim elefante (<em>Pennisetum purpureum</em>). Os frutos do tomate começaram a ser colhidos no início do amadurecimento, por volta de 70 a 120 dias após o transplantio. Avaliaram-se a produção total de frutos (PTF), produção de frutos comerciais (PFC), número total de frutos (NTF), número de frutos comerciais (NFC), peso médio de frutos comerciais (PMFC) e diâmetro médio de frutos (DMF). Foram registradas ocorrências de pragas nas condições experimentais, detectando-se a presença de nematóides (<em>Meloydogines spp</em>) e cochonilha (<em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>). Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos estudados, entretanto, o tratamento 2 foi o que se destacou quanto as variáveis analisadas, principalmente para PTF (54,5 t/ha) e PFC (49,6 t/ha). Concluiu-se que o uso de compostos orgânicos com palhadas de leguminosas e gramíneas é uma alternativa técnica e economicamente viável, podendo reduzir o uso integral do esterco bovino na adubação de plantio e de cobertura do tomate produzido no sistema orgânico.</p><p><strong><em>Effect of the use of different compounds in the production of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) in organic farming</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>- The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in greenhouse conditions, the influence of five organic compounds on fertilizing and planting tomato hybrid coverage of type Persimmons. The experimental design was randomized block, with four replicates. Five treatments were evaluated, containing vegetable biomass coming from Bank of legumes from Embrapa Meio-Norte. Legumes used in the confection of the compounds were the guandu Grow Fava wide (Cajanus he), Crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea l.), the Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), the Gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium) and Mucuna (Mucuna aterrima) black. The grass used was the elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The tomato fruits began to be harvested at the beginning of the ripening, around 70 days to 120 days from transplanting. We evaluated the total production of fruits (PTF), commercial fruit production (PFC), total number of fruits (NTF), number of commercial fruits (NFC), an average weight of commercial fruits (PMFC) and average diameter of fruits (DMF). Pest occurrences were recorded in experimental conditions, detecting the presence of nematoides (Meloydogines spp) and cochineal (Maconellicoccus hirsutus). There was no significant difference between the treatments studied, however, the treatment 2 was what stood out about the variables analyzed, mostly for PTF (54.5 tha) and PFC (49.6 tha). It was concluded that the use of organic compounds with straws of legumes and grasses is a technically and economically feasible alternative, and can reduce the use of cow manure on fertilizing and planting tomato coverage produced in the organic system.</p>

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

scholarly journals Avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa da fitomassa de leguminosas para uso como cobertura de solo

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Nascimento ◽  
Ivandro de França da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Para uso como adubo verde em um experimento em Alagoinha-PB, avaliaram-se doze espécies de leguminosas: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L), guandu (Cajanus cajan L), guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp), calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides L), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis L), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab L), kudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides L), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum L), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala L), cunhã (Clitoria ternatea L), mucuna preta (Styzolobium aterrimum L), e mucuna cinza (Styzolobium cinereum Piper e Tracy), no DBC com 12 tratamentos, em parcelas de 20m2, com três repetições. Constataram-se as maiores produções de fitomassa para leucena, guandu, mucuna preta, kudzu tropical, feijão-de-porco e cunhã, enquanto que para a crotalária, a menor produção. A fitomassa do kudzu tropical mostrou-se com melhor qualidade para a incorporação.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOME LEGUMINOUS TREES AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD OF DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA -POIR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Taiwo Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

AbstractThis work compares the physiological and yield characteristics of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata – Poir) under Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation, green manures of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and other soil amendments. The experiment was conducted on the plot of land that had been overcropped, located at the back of the male Hostel, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The land was cleared and heaped at 1m x 1m apart. The experimental design employed was a complete randomized design in 5 replicates. The treatments were Glomus deserticola (GD), Glomus fasciculatum (GF), Gliricidia sepium (GS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Poultry manure (PM) and NPK fertilizers. Soils were dug from the heaps, 20 g of the inoculums of AMF (GD/ GF) were poured into the dug hole, seeds were laid on it and covered with soil (for GD & GF treatments). Others were applied at one week after sprouting. Growth and yield Parameters were determined at harvest while relative water and chlorophyll contents were measured forth nightly from 10 weeks after treatment. Data obtained were subjected to ANOVA while means were separated by Duncan multiple range test at P> 0.05. Results showed that growth, yield and physiological characters were enhanced in GD, GD+GF, GS and PM treated plants more than in inorganic fertilizers treated plants. There was a positive significant relationship between white yam’s growth, physiology and tuber yield. The study justifies the use of plant/animal manures and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in place of inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FEED ON THE INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND GROWTH RATE OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS FED GLIRICIDIA sepium AND LEUCAENA LEUCOCOEPHALA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

The study evaluated the effects of level of feed offer on dry matter intake (DMI) , digestibility, the parts of plants selected and on the growth rate of West African dwarf (WAD) goats without resulting in toxicity. Seven different levels of feed offer ranging from 40g/kg0.75/day to 130Wkg0.75/day in increments of 15g/kg0.75) were fed to two groups of goats. The first group was fed 100% Gliricidia while the while the second was fed 50% Gliricidia and 50% Leucaena diet (50/50). The level of feed offer had significant effect on the DIM and digestible DMI (DDMI) of the goat (P < 0.01). The Leucaena intake in a 50/50 diet was always higher than the Gliricidia intake except at 55g1kg0.75 offer level. The level of feed offer had significant effects on the parts of plants selected (P < 0.01.) and on the growth rate. The leaf intake was statistically higher than the stem intake (P < 0.01). All the goats on 40g/kg0.75 and 55g/kg0.75 on a 100% Gliricidia diet lost weight while only those on 40g/kg0.75 lost weight on a 50/50 diet. There was no significant difference in the growth rate of goats on feed offer levels of 70g to 130g/kg0.75 (P > 0.05). The study indicate that goats performance was higher on a mixed browse diet than on Gliricidia alone. Goats performed best at 100g/kg0.75 offer level.

scholarly journals Harina de forrajes en la alimentación animal

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Litsy Gutiérrez Castro ◽  
Andrea Yamily Güechá Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

En este documento se destaca la importancia de las especies arbóreas empleadas en la alimentación de animales de interés zootécnico, y cómo las diferentes alternativas de conservación permiten suministrar un alimento de excelente calidad nutricional en periodo de escasez. Como es sabido, la alimentación eficiente es uno de los aspectos más importantes en la producción animal, puesto que de ésta depende no solo el rendimiento zootécnico de los animales, sino también la rentabilidad económica del productor. Para brindar una buena dieta, se deben suministrar alimentos con la cantidad necesaria de nutrientes en las condiciones físicas óptimas para qué los mismos sean utilizados metabólicamente de forma eficiente, y así poder obtener el máximo rendimiento en la producción. El suministro del alimento en forma no convencional permite explorar nuevas alternativas que brinden alimentos de buena calidad. En la búsqueda de fuentes alimenticias de bajo costo en el trópico, se ha incluido la evaluación de follajes arbóreos por su alta disponibilidad; la utilización de harinas de follajes de plantas se ha considerado como opción para la sustitución parcial o total de proteína proveniente principalmente de granos y cereales para la alimentación animal, siendo en la actualidad una de las estrategias de mayor investigación, en donde al facilitar su inclusión en las dietas balanceadas de los animales, se convierte en una alternativa económica que permitirá sustituir en parte el uso de alimento concentrado comercial. Especies arbóreas como el matarratón (Gliricidia sepium), leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), guacimo (Guazuma ulmifolia), cayeno (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) y morera (Morus alba) son de interés para el productor debido a su potencial de producción (21.93-30.6 ton/ha/MS).

Mycotoxins in organically versus conventionally produced cereal grains and some other crops in temperate regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brodal ◽  
I.S. Hofgaard ◽  
G.S. Eriksen ◽  
A. Bernhoft ◽  
L. Sundheim
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apple Products ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.

GERMINACIÓN Y SUPERVIVENCIA DE DOS ESPECIES DE ACAHUAL DE SELVA BAJA PARA RESTAURAR DUNAS COSTERAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Moreno-Casasola ◽  
Dulce Infante Mata ◽  
Carolina Madero-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium

Las selvas bajas caducifolias proveen recursos importantes a las comunidades, por lo que conocer la percepción de este recurso permite identificar cuáles son las especies más convenientes para iniciar la restauración de su cobertura arbórea y diversidad. A través de entrevistas se determinaron 98 especies útiles en la región costera de Actopan, Veracruz. Los usos más frecuentes fueron leña, construcción, postes, cerca viva, carbón, comestible y medicinal. Se eligieron a Gliricidia sepium y a Leucaena leucocephala para realizar experimentos de germinación y el establecimiento en una plantación en dunas costeras, ubicando plántulas debajo del dosel de los árboles (sombra) y en áreas cubiertas por vegetación herbácea (exposición al sol). La germinación de semillas recién colectadas de L. leucocephala fue de 50% en condiciones de sombra y de sol; sin embargo, conforme pasa el tiempo pierden viabilidad. Las semillas de G. sepium presentaron 75% de germinación en varios de los tratamientos aplicados, además no perdieron viabilidad después de ocho meses de almacenamiento. Para las plántulas la condición más benéfica para su establecimiento fue la de sombra con una supervivencia de 86% para L. leucocephala y de 38% para G. sepium. El uso de hidrogel contribuyó a obtener dicha respuesta durante la temporada de secas, al reducir la necesidad de riego.

scholarly journals An Endophytic Diaporthe apiculatum Produces Monoterpenes with Inhibitory Activity against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yu Song ◽  
Huihua Wang ◽  
Fei Ren ◽  
Kaiying Wang ◽  
Guiming Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Multigene Phylogeny ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Petri Plate ◽  
First Time

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytic fungi are becoming a potential antibiotic resource. The inhibitive effects of VOCs produced by an endophytic fungus in Leucaena leucocephala were investigated on plant pathogens in this study. Using standard morphological methods and multigene phylogeny, the fungus was identified as Diaporthe apiculatum strain FPYF 3052. Utilizing a two- compartment Petri plate bioassay method, the VOCs from this fungus showed bioactivity ranging from 23.8% to 66.7% inhibition on eight plant pathogens within 24 hours. The SPME-GC/MS technique identified fifteen volatile compounds with dominant terpenoids γ-terpinene (39.8%), α-terpinene (17.2%), and (-)-4-terpineol (8.4%) from the VOCs. Commercial α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, and (-)-4-terpineol demonstrated inhibition on the tested pathogens at concentrations from 0.2 to 1.0 µl/ml within 72 h in the bioassay system. The inhibition rates were from 28% to 100% percent using 1.0 µl/ml within 48 h. (-)-4-Terpineol was the most active of the terpenoids causing up to 100% inhibition. The data illustrate that these monoterpenes play an important role in the inhibitive bioactivity of the VOCs of D. apiculatum FPYF 3052. Most importantly, (-)-4-terpineol is now for the first time, reported to have capability of strong antifungal activity and could be developed as an antibiotic substance.

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