Características morfométricas e rendimento da palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob diferentes adubações e configurações de plantio

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características morfométricas e de rendimento da palma forrageira 'Gigante' submetida a diferentes tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral e configurações de plantio. O experimento foi instalado em LATOSSOLO Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, num delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas constituídas por duas configurações de plantio: 1) 24.0000 plantas ha-1, dispostas em fileira tripla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; 2) 26.666 plantas ha-1, dispostas em fileira quádrupla, no espaçamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; as subparcelas compostas por 12 tipos de adubação orgânica, química e organomineral. Aos 650 DAP mensuraram-se altura da planta, número, comprimento, largura e índice de área de cladódios, produção de matéria verde e seca e teor de matéria seca. As características morfométricas, o teor de matéria seca e a produção de massa verde e matéria seca foram influenciadas pelas adubações (P<0,05), independentemente da configuração utilizada. Das características morfométricas apenas a largura e área do cladódio não foram influenciadas pelas adubações. A ausência de adubação ou apenas 30 Mg ha-1 ano-1 de esterco bovino são insuficientes para obter resultados satisfatórios com palma forrageira ‘Gigante’.Morphometric traits and yield of forage cactus 'Gigante' under different fertilization and planting settingsAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of 'Gigante' forage cactus subjected to different types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers and planting configurations. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic Red-Yellow LATOSOL (Oxisol), in a randomized block design, in a split plot design parcel, with three replications. The plots consist of two plant configurations: 1) 24.0000 pl ha-1, arranged in triple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 2) 26,666 pl ha-1, arranged in quadruple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m. The subplots are composed of types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers. On the 650th DAP were measured the plant height, number, length, width, cladode area index, fresh and dry matter yield and dry matter content. Morphometric characteristics, the dry matter content and the green mass and dry matter production were influenced by fertilization (P <0.05), regardless the configuration. From the morphometric features, only the width and cladode area were not affected by fertilization. The absence of fertilization or just 30 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of cattle manure is not enough to achieve satisfactory results with 'Gigante' forage cactus.

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Nopalea cactus pear fertilized with nitrogen: morphometric, productive and nutritional characteristics

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.38325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 38325

Author(s):

João Ricardo Avelar Leite ◽

Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales ◽

Flávio Pinto Monção ◽

Adriano De Souza Guimarães ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Green Matter ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Dry Conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the structural, productive and nutritional characteristics of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck. cv. Miúda/Doce) under five nitrogen doses and two planting orientations. A randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme was used in the scheme: five nitrogen doses (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg of N ha-1), and two planting orientations (North/South and East/West), with three replicates. Except for the thickness of the secondary (p = 0.04) and tertiary cladodes (p = 0.02), the morphometric characteristics of the cactus pear were not influenced by the nitrogen doses (p > 0.05). The mean height was 120 cm, the areas of the primary, secondary and tertiary cladodium were 160.9; 208 and 158.4 cm², respectively. The application of nitrogen fertilizer, in the dry conditions and doses evaluated, did not affect the production of green matter (PGM, p = 0.56), dry matter (PDM, p = 0.74) and dry matter content (DM, p = 0.72), with averages of 276 t ha-1, 43.2 t ha-1 and 15.7%, respectively. The increase of the nitrogen doses does not improve the majority of the morphometric characteristics or the dry matter yield of the cactus pear cv. Miúda at 730 days after planting.

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Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Yield and Some Agronomic Traits

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 63-74

Author(s):

Lemma Tessema ◽

Wassu Mohammed ◽

Tesfaye Abebe

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Marketable Tuber ◽

Potato Varieties ◽

Central Highlands

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and to identify a superior variety in tuber yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 2017 main cropping season. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The mean squares for location were also significant in indicating the influence of environments on the traits of the studied varieties. However, the interaction between variety and environment had no significant effect on the performances of the potato varieties to attain 50% flowering, specific gravity and dry matter content indicating a similar performance of these traits across all locations. The variety Belete produced the maximum total tuber yield of 32.8 t ha -1 and marketable tuber yield of 29.1 t ha-1. Conversely, farmers` variety Nech Abeba produced the minimum total tuber yield of 13.8 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 8.4 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity, dry matter content, starch percentage and total starch yield, varieties Belete and Menagesha were the maximum and minimum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had considerable influence on tuber yield and the potato’s attributes.

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The growth of maize

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600056100 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 569-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. O. Iremiren ◽

G. M. Milbourn

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Net Assimilation Rate ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Assimilation Rate ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Area Index ◽

Net Assimilation

SummaryTotal dry-matter yield of maize silage rose asymptotically as density was increased up to 17 plants/m2. Over the range 11–17 plants/m2, which is generally higher than is used in the U.K., the increase in yield was 1–1·6 t dry matter/ha which can justify the higher seed cost and although there was no adverse affect on time of maturity the risk of lodging increased at the highest density. During the harvest period whilst whole crop dry-matter percentage was rising from 23 to 28%, the ear dry-matter content rose steadily from 29 to 35%, whereas the leaf and stem dry-matter content remained essentially constant and only dried out at a later stage after a frost.Caldera 535 had a higher leaf area index and net assimilation rate than the earlier variety Julia which it outyielded by 15%. The additional yield was mainly stem tissue and the greater vegetative production caused an 11-day delay in reaching the silage stage of maturity (25% crop D.M.). NO differences occurred between density treatments and varieties in the forage quality components considered, namely percentage drymatter digestibility, modified acid-detergent fibre, crude protein and ash. Thus in U.K. conditions, total dry-matter yield exerts an overriding influence on the yields per unit area of these quality constituents. This contrasts with reports from the U.S.A. in which a reduced grain/stover ratio adversely influences silage quality.Removal of the whole ear (including husk and rachis) at an early stage in ear development resulted in a 50% reduction in the final dry-matter yield. In the earless plants, leaf area and net assimilation rate was lower, but the dry-matter content of the leaves and stem was considerably higher, and a marked purple coloration developed indicative of excess starch concentration. These results emphasize the need in maize silage not only for an adequate leaf canopy, best obtained early in the growing season by using high planting density and subsequently by using late maturing varieties, but also for sufficient sink capacity in the ear as well as in the stem fraction.

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Effects of poultry manure and mineral fertilizers on the quality of crops

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600068817 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 215-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Pimpini ◽

L. Giardini ◽

M. Borin ◽

G. Gianquinto

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Spinach Leaves

SUMMARYPoultry manure and mineral fertilizers at two rates of application (medium and high) and in different combinations, together with a non-fertilized control, were tested at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University of Padova, Italy (45° 21′ N, 11° 58′ E) in 1985–89.Compared to the control, all the fertilization treatments increased the incidence of larger-sized bulbs of onion and tubers of potato, improved the fruit colour of processing tomato and the raw protein content of spinach, but reduced the acidity and acids: soluble solids ratio of tomato and the dry matter content of spinach leaves.In addition, the application of 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as mineral fertilizer or as poultry manure gave the best scores of processing suitability of potato, both for sticks and chips. All the fertilization formulae, except for 140 kg/ha of N, 140 kg/ha of P2O5 and 100 kg/ha of K2O as poultry manure alone, showed significant decreases in the extractable sucrose ratio in sugarbeet, compared with the control. In processing tomato, the best scores of suitability for paste transformation were obtained with mixed fertilization (1/3 poultry manure and 2/3 mineral fertilizers) applying 210 kg/ha of N, 210 kg/ha of P2O5 and 150 kg/ha of K2O and the plots receiving only mineral fertilizers produced fruits with less favourable values of pH and electrical conductivity compared to the poultry manured ones.

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Variability, heritability, and correlations of agronomic traits in an onion landrace and derived S1 lines

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332014000100005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bettina Porta ◽

Mercedes Rivas ◽

Lucía Gutiérrez ◽

Guillermo A Galván

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Transgressive Segregation ◽

Matter Content ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Original Population ◽

Random Block Design

This study assessed variability, heritability and correlations of agronomic traits in an onion (Allium cepa L.) landrace and derived S1lines after a single selfing generation. Bulbs used to develop S1lines were selected for shape, colour and high number of skins. Fifty-one S1lines and the original population were evaluated using an incomplete random block design. The original population and S1lines were highly diverse for quantitative and qualitative traits. S1lines were significantly different, with transgressive segregation for number and maximum leaf length, bulbing index, bulb weight, diameter, and dry matter content. Variances within S1lines were greater than among S1lines for all traits. Bulb colour and number of skins responded to selection. Heritabilities for dry matter and soluble solids were 52.6% and 36.1% respectively. Both traits were highly correlated. The development of S1lines allowed the expression of genetic variation and the identification of better genotypes for agronomic traits of interest.

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Growth and Yield of Onion as Influenced by Sulphur and Boron with Mulch Materials

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2021/v7i330154 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Sajeed Hasan Bappy ◽

Khaleda Khatun ◽

Tahmina Mostarin ◽

Mutasim Fuad Shuvo ◽

Mst. Umme Habiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Maximum Diameter ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Economic Point ◽

Neck Diameter

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. During the period from October, 2018 to March, 2019 to find out the growth and yield of onion as influenced by Sulphur and Boron with mulch materials. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: Four doses of Sulphurand Boron fertilizer viz. F0 = S0kgB0kg/ha (Control), F1 = S20kgB1kg/ha, F2 = S40kgB2kg/ha, F3 = S60kgB3kg/ha and Factor B: Four types of mulch viz. M0 = No mulch and no irrigation, M1 = Black polythene, M2 = Water hyacinth and M3 = Rice straw. There were 16 treatment combinations and experiment was setup in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of Sulphur and Boron treatments at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), the highest plant height 53.38 cm, maximum leaf number 10.48, highest bulb length 4.83 cm,, maximum neck diameter (1.31 cm), highest dry matter content (15.98%), dry matter content of leaf (24.74%), single bulb weight (39.93 g), yield per plot (0.80 kg) and yield per hectare (9.98 t) were obtained from F3 treatment. Among the mulch materials, highest plant height at 60 DAT (52.51 cm), maximum leaf number (10.19), highest bulb length (4.52 cm), highest bulb diameter (5.74 cm), maximum neck diameter (1.26 cm), dry matter content of leaf (23.35%), single bulb weight (39.05 g), yield per plot (0.78 kg) and yield per hectare (9.76 t) were obtained from M1 treatment. In combined effect, the highest plant height at 60 DAT (55.54 cm), maximum leaf number (11.47), longest bulb length (5.51 cm), highest bulb diameter (6.68 cm), maximum diameter of neck (1.42 cm), dry matter content of leaf (27.48%), single bulb weight (42.40 g), yield per plot (0.85 kg) and yield per hectare (11.21 t) were obtained from F3M1 treatment (S60kg/ha + B3kg/ha with black polythene mulch). The highest gross return (Tk. 3, 36, 300/ha), net return (Tk. 1, 88, 934/ha) and benefit cost ration (2.28) was obtained from the treatment combination (F3M1). Accordingly, for high growth, high yield, and economic point of view, F3M1 treatment is recommended in onion cultivation.

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EFFICIENCY OF THE APPLICATION OF HORN-HOOFED CRUMB AND TREPEL UNDER ROW CROPS AND IN AFTEREFFECT ON BARLEY

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2021-27-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

Ivan Eliseev ◽

Lyudmila Eliseeva ◽

Leonid Shashkarov

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Matter Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Row Crops ◽

Leaf Surface Area

The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of using horny hoofed crumbs from the waste of the meat processing industry as an organic fertilizer, in comparison with mineral nitrogen fertilizers and zeolite-containing trepel in the Chuvash Republic. The direct effect was determined on potatoes and fodder beets, the aftereffect was determined on spring barley. The soil of the experimental plot is light gray forest with a low (2.5 ... 2.6 %) humus content. The application of horn-hoof crumbs to potatoes and fodder beets at a rate of 430 kg/ha, equivalent to N60, together with phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers (P60K60), in terms of influence on crop yields, was not inferior to the effect of a complete mineral fertilizer at a rate of N60P60K60. In the variants with the introduction of horn-hoofed crumbs and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, both independently and with the addition of zeolite-containing trepel at a rate of 2 t/ha, compared with the use of complete mineral fertilization, on average for 2012–2016. an increase in the biological activity of the soil was noted by 7.1 ... 11.0 %; in potato plantings, the leaf surface area increased by 7.0 ... 15.1 thousand m2/ha, the dry matter content in tubers - by 1.4 ... 2.5 %, their marketability - by 0.4 ... 0.7 %, the nitrate content decreased by 1.14 ... 1.45 %. In the crops of fodder beets, the leaf surface area of plants increased by 3.3 ... 5.0 thousand m2/ha, the dry matter content - by 0.8 ... 2.8 %, the concentration of nitrates - decreased by 43.9 ... 40.3 %. The coefficient of energy efficiency of the combined use of horn-hoofed crumb and trepel for row crops was at the level of 1.0. The aftereffect from their introduction was noted the next year when growing barley, the coefficient of bioenergy efficiency was 2.0 ... 2.2

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Effect of Different Planting Material on Physiological Parameters and Cassava Mosaic Incidence in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jsrr/2021/v27i1030445 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

S. Nanthakumar ◽

K. Krithika ◽

M. Prabhu

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Matter Content ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽

Area Index

An investigation was carried out to assess the effect of planting materials on physiological parameters, cassava mosaic incidence and yield of Cassava varieties viz. H-226 and CO.2 at the Department of Vegetable crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore during September 2010 to June 2011. The experiments were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with four treatments and three replications in two varieties. The results revealed that the tissue culture plants were found be the best in virtue of its high leaf area index, net assimilation rate, dry matter content, tuber yield (26.33 t ha-1) and least incidence of cassava mosaic virus. Among the varieties, CO.2 showed less incidence of CMD. The tissue cultured plants may be recommended to farmers to reduce mosaic disease incidence and get maximum yield in cassava.

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Effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and protein content of the leaves in five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132003000200022 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 295-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽

Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽

Manoel Genildo Pequeno ◽

Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽

Maria Celeste Gonçalves Vidigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Starch Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Fresh Matter

The effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and leaves of cassava cultivars was determined in an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot scheme, with five cultivars in the plots and ten harvest times in the subplots. The IAC 13 cultivar had the highest rate of dry matter accumulation in the storage roots and the Mico cultivar the lowest. The period of least dry matter content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca, Mico and IAC 14 cultivars, and the minimum starch content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca and Mico cultivars. In general, the IAC 13, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca cultivars had higher dry matter content in the storage roots, while higher starch content in the dry and fresh matter were obtained in the Fécula Branca cultivar. The crude protein content in the leaves decreased as the plant aged.

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Yield and selected physiological parameters of maize, sorghum, and triticale depending on fertilization system

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.7870-7883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 7870-7883

Author(s):

Agata Witorożec-Piechnik ◽

Mariusz Matyka ◽

Paweł Wolszczak ◽

Marta Oleszek

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Area Index

Effects of fertilization with digestate from agricultural biogas plant and its influence on growth and selected physiological parameters of maize, triticale, and sorghum plants cultivated for biogas production were studied in this work. The digestate was used as an organic fertilizer, being a substitute or supplement to mineral fertilization. The fertilization with the digestate had a positive effect on the fresh matter yield (FMY) of sorghum (85.4 Mg ha-1), the dry matter content (DM) of maize (41.9%) and sorghum (23.6%), as well as on the dry matter yield (DMY) of triticale (12.2 Mg ha-1) and sorghum (19.8 Mg ha-1). Among the studied species, the maize fertilized with digestate (variants N2 and N3) showed better growth responses compared to the maize that was fertilized with mineral fertilizers (plant nutrition status – SPAD of 54.8). No significant influence of fertilization variant was observed on the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and the leaf area index (LAI) of the tested plant species. The digestate proved to be a good fertilizer, supporting high yields without adverse effects on the physiological parameters of the plants.

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