scholarly journals Climate changes over the Arctic land during 1979-2017

资源科学 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1274
Author(s):  
Xiaolong CHEN ◽  
Ping WANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
The Arctic

scholarly journals Climate Change Projection in the Twenty-First Century Simulated by NIMS-KMA CMIP6 Model Based on New GHGs Concentration Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Min Sung ◽  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Sungbo Shim ◽  
Jeong-byn Seo ◽  
Sang-Hoon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
First Century ◽  
System Model ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Twenty First Century

AbstractThe National Institute of Meteorological Sciences-Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS-KMA) has participated in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP) and provided long-term simulations using the coupled climate model. The NIMS-KMA produces new future projections using the ensemble mean of KMA Advanced Community Earth system model (K-ACE) and UK Earth System Model version1 (UKESM1) simulations to provide scientific information of future climate changes. In this study, we analyze four experiments those conducted following the new shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) based scenarios to examine projected climate change in the twenty-first century. Present day (PD) simulations show high performance skill in both climate mean and variability, which provide a reliability of the climate models and reduces the uncertainty in response to future forcing. In future projections, global temperature increases from 1.92 °C to 5.20 °C relative to the PD level (1995–2014). Global mean precipitation increases from 5.1% to 10.1% and sea ice extent decreases from 19% to 62% in the Arctic and from 18% to 54% in the Antarctic. In addition, climate changes are accelerating toward the late twenty-first century. Our CMIP6 simulations are released to the public through the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) international data sharing portal and are used to support the establishment of the national adaptation plan for climate change in South Korea.

scholarly journals Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Corella ◽  
Niccolo Maffezzoli ◽  
Andrea Spolaor ◽  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol

AbstractIodine has a significant impact on promoting the formation of new ultrafine aerosol particles and accelerating tropospheric ozone loss, thereby affecting radiative forcing and climate. Therefore, understanding the long-term natural evolution of iodine, and its coupling with climate variability, is key to adequately assess its effect on climate on centennial to millennial timescales. Here, using two Greenland ice cores (NEEM and RECAP), we report the Arctic iodine variability during the last 127,000 years. We find the highest and lowest iodine levels recorded during interglacial and glacial periods, respectively, modulated by ocean bioproductivity and sea ice dynamics. Our sub-decadal resolution measurements reveal that high frequency iodine emission variability occurred in pace with Dansgaard/Oeschger events, highlighting the rapid Arctic ocean-ice-atmosphere iodine exchange response to abrupt climate changes. Finally, we discuss if iodine levels during past warmer-than-present climate phases can serve as analogues of future scenarios under an expected ice-free Arctic Ocean. We argue that the combination of natural biogenic ocean iodine release (boosted by ongoing Arctic warming and sea ice retreat) and anthropogenic ozone-induced iodine emissions may lead to a near future scenario with the highest iodine levels of the last 127,000 years.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PALEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTIONS UNCERTAINTY ON THE SUBMARINE PERMAFROST DYNAMICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Valentina Malakhova ◽  
Alexey Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arctic Shelf ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ocean Level ◽  
Subsea Permafrost ◽  
Uncertainty Coefficient

The estimates of the subsea permafrost sensitivity to the uncertainty of paleoclimatic reconstructions of air temperature and ocean level have been obtained. This was done by using the model for thermophysical processes in the subsea sediments and the scenario for climate changes at the Arctic shelf for the last 400 kyr. This model was forced by four time series of temperature at the sediment top, by using different combinations of air temperature and sea level. The uncertainty coefficient of the response of the permafrost base depth is less than 0,3, with the exception of isolated time intervals and / or the deepest areas of the shelf.

scholarly journals Patterns of Changes in Average Annual Water Temperatures of the Rivers of the Arctic Zone of Russia Associated with Climate Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test ◽  
Annual Water Temperature

The paper considers changes in temperature regime of rivers flowing northerner than 60th latitude. The investigation bases on data about average monthly water temperatures from 90 hydrological gages for the period 1960-2012. Annual water temperatures for this period were calculated according to the generally accepted method as average monthly temperature from May to September and according to the proposed in this paper calculation method for the entire period with positive water temperatures. It is shown that the calculation of annual water temperatures only from the average monthly temperatures from May to October, underestimates annual water temperature. The paper estimates changes in the average annual water temperatures calculated by both methods over the period 1991–2012 compared to 1961-1990 These periods cover intensive climate change, as well as the time after the construction of the largest hydroelectric power stations. Statistical analyzes of the obtained series for trends (according to the Spearman rank correlation test) and series uniformity disturbances (Mann-Whitney U-test) were carried out. A significant increase in the average annual water temperatures in rivers on most rivers of the Russian Arctic is shown. The greatest changes are observed in the territories of Yakutia. Significant changes are also noted on the Kola Peninsula. At the same time, the magnitude of the changes depends on various hydrological characteristics of the basin. Significant changes to date have occurred in less than 50% of the investigated rivers.

scholarly journals Diet and life history reduce interspecific and intraspecific competition among three sympatric Arctic cephalopods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Golikov ◽  
Filipe R. Ceia ◽  
Rushan M. Sabirov ◽  
Georgii A. Batalin ◽  
Martin E. Blicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Habitat Utilization ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractTrophic niche and diet comparisons among closely sympatric marine species are important to understand complex food webs, particularly in regions most affected by climate change. Using stable isotope analyses, all ontogenetic stages of three sympatric species of Arctic cephalopods (genus Rossia) were studied to assess inter- and intraspecific competition with niche and diet overlap and partitioning in West Greenland and the Barents Sea. Seven traits related to resource and habitat utilization were identified in Rossia: no trait was shared by all three species. High boreal R. megaptera and Arctic endemic R. moelleri shared three traits with each other, while both R. megaptera and R. moelleri shared only two unique traits each with widespread boreal-Arctic R. palpebrosa. Thus all traits formed fully uncrossing pattern with each species having unique strategy of resource and habitat utilization. Predicted climate changes in the Arctic would have an impact on competition among Rossia with one potential ‘winner’ (R. megaptera in the Barents Sea) but no potential ‘losers’.

scholarly journals Characterizing ecosystem phenological diversity and its macroecology with snow cover phenology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lin ◽  
Juha Hyyppä
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
Phenological Dates ◽  
Phenological Diversity ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract One critical challenge of exploring flora phenology is on characterizing ecosystem phenological diversity (EPD), and thus how EPD’s performance is influenced by climate changes has also been an open macro-ecological question. To fill these two gaps, we proposed an innovative method for reflecting EPD, by taking the advantage of the often-classified inverse factor of spatial resolution discrepancy between the used remote sensing datasets of vegetation phenological dates (green-up and brown-up) and snow cover phenological dates (SPDs) (onset and end) around the Arctic, and further, we examined the cross response/feedbacks of the two kinds of EPDs to the two categories of SPDs. We found that the circumpolar green-up and brown-up EPDs both were shrinking, driven more by the delaying of the onset SPDs than the advancing of the end SPDs; North America and North Eurasia performed with inconsistent EPD response/feedbacks to the related SPD anomalies; and further, the EPD-SPD response/feedbacks in some locations exhibited the time-lag effect, e.g., the green-up EPDs made the strongest response to the onset SPDs of two years earlier. Overall, the validated method and the new findings are of implications for improving the phenology modules in Earth system models, and the contributions of the present study have enlightening significance for kicking off the new EPD branch in macrosystem phenological ecology.

Patterns and processes influencing helminth parasites of Arctic coastal communities during climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Galaktionov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Storm Activity

AbstractThis review analyses the scarce available data on biodiversity and transmission of helminths in Arctic coastal ecosystems and the potential impact of climate changes on them. The focus is on the helminths of seabirds, dominant parasites in coastal ecosystems. Their fauna in the Arctic is depauperate because of the lack of suitable intermediate hosts and unfavourable conditions for species with free-living larvae. An increasing proportion of crustaceans in the diet of Arctic seabirds would result in a higher infection intensity of cestodes and acanthocephalans, and may also promote the infection of seabirds with non-specific helminths. In this way, the latter may find favourable conditions for colonization of new hosts. Climate changes may alter the composition of the helminth fauna, their infection levels in hosts and ways of transmission in coastal communities. Immigration of boreal invertebrates and fish into Arctic seas may allow the circulation of helminths using them as intermediate hosts. Changing migratory routes of animals would alter the distribution of their parasites, facilitating, in particular, their trans-Arctic transfer. Prolongation of the seasonal ‘transmission window’ may increase the parasitic load on host populations. Changes in Arctic marine food webs would have an overriding influence on the helminths’ circulation. This process may be influenced by the predicted decreased of salinity in Arctic seas, increased storm activity, coastal erosion, ocean acidification, decline of Arctic ice, etc. Greater parasitological research efforts are needed to assess the influence of factors related to Arctic climate change on the transmission of helminths.

scholarly journals The Chinese “(big) polar game“

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-416
Author(s):  
Marko Filijovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits ◽  
The Arctic Region

Climate changes have caused ice melting in the Arctic, thus creating new conditions in the region. Apart from making access to hydrocarbon deposits the Arctic region is rich in, new ways of transportation have appeared. In summer, the region is almost completely passable, thus making the routes between America and Asia much shorter. This has drawn attention not only of Arctic states, but also of some others, these especially including big exporters of consumer goods, as China and Japan are. The paper analyses the position of China with regard to other countries that are interested in exploitation of the Arctic region with focus on transport, in particular. Special attention is directed towards the strategic orientations of the Chinese management, this including the analysis of its approach, but also the positions of the international and especially the Chinese academic circles concerning the political and economic implications of joining of China to ?the Arctic race?.

scholarly journals Climate Changes and the Imperatives of All Round-a-Year Human Activity in the Arctic

2015 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
L. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
The Impact

The author questions the indisputability of the Arctic’s existing climate change assessments and insists on the need to adjust the Arctic strategies of states to different scenarios of such changes. While not denying the impact of human society on the Earth’s climate, the author believes to be important not to limit research on its changes by exclusively natural-scientific aspects, but to include considerations concerning the influence of peculiarities of human society’s development on the climate. He thinks it is important to take into account the combine impact of the changing nature of contemporary industrial activity, of sources for energy supply, the on-going processes of building of “smart” economy and its innovative development, demographic changes, improvement of human capital as well as the impact of increased environmental consciousness of human beings on the global and Arctic climate. Despite the observed climatic changes in the Arctic, it remains ice-covered the major part of the year. Any commercially justified human activities in the Arctic must be based on the need to maintain a year-round exploitation of its resources and possibilities and to create the appropriate infrastructure, machinery and equipment. The author comes to the conclusion that the need to resolve these problems requires considerable financial resources and time.

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