Evaluation of -Catenin Expression in Relation to Staging and Grading of Colorectal Carcinoma – A Study Conducted in Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur

BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinoma is the most frequently encountered malignancy worldwide. The main cause of mortality associated with colorectal malignancy is tumour invasion and metastasis. The major genomic alteration that has been found in colorectal carcinoma is mutation in the adenomatous polyposis gene. Mutated APC causes unrestricted action of the Wnt signalling pathway which results in accumulation of the β - catenin protein in the nucleus responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and enhanced survival of colorectal epithelial cells. Role of β - catenin expression as a prognostic marker needs to be studied. It will help in aiding the possibility of the future of anti β - catenin targeted chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancers. METHODS A total of 85 samples from histopathologically proven cases of adenocarcinoma colon were taken. Histomorphological features and their immunohistochemical expression of β - catenin were studied. Data thus obtained was analysed using SPSS version 25. Histopathological diagnosis is considered as the gold standard. RESULTS Among the 85 samples of adenocarcinoma 9 case were stage T1 tumours, 24 were stage T2. 31 cases were stage T3, and 21 colorectal cancers were stage T4. Statistically significant correlation was obtained between tumour stage and β - catenin expression. (P value = < 0.001) With regard to tumour grade 24 out of 85 cases were well differentiated and 45 were moderately differentiated, 16 cases were poorly differentiated. Correlation of tumour grading and β - catenin expression also were statistically significant (P value = < 0.001). 45 out of 85 cases were having no nodal metastasis. 22 cases showed metastasis in 1 to 3 lymph nodes. 18 cases were N2. No statistically significant correlation was obtained between lymph node status and β - catenin expression. (P value = 0.003) CONCLUSIONS In this study the membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear scores of β - catenin shows the linear progression with the advancing stages of colorectal carcinoma. So β - catenin can be used as a prognostic marker in malignant colorectal neoplasm. KEYWORDS Immunohistochemistry, β – Catenin, Colorectal Carcinoma

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e-Learning: Practices Among Undergraduates of a Medical College of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-4/018 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Medical Students ◽

Background Information ◽

P Value ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Learning Practices ◽

E Learning

Background: Information technology (IT) is a new way of teaching and learning. One of the promising media of information technology is e-Learning, which is used to enhance knowledge and skills among users. A student gains better and deep knowledge through a useful tool. This survey aimed to determine practices among medical students for e-Learning. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 184 students amongst the 500 students currently enrolled in medical college. Data was collected using questionnaires and were analyzed through SPSS version 22. Chi-square was used for qualitative values. Results: Majority 90.80% (n=167) students were aware of e-Learning and were statistically high in ﬁrst year students (p-value: 0.018). The student did not show statistically signiﬁcant results for content learned through e-Learning with a p-value of 0.063. Different resources were used for e-Learning in which videos had the highest percentage (87.60%) and audios were used as the least resource for e-Learning (29.20%). Daily, 56% of the students use e-Learning for 1 hour or less and only 3% of the students used it for more than 4 hours. Conclusion: Majority of undergraduate medical students were aware of the use of e-Learning and most of them preferred e-Learning for their course work and studies showing a signiﬁcant increase in understanding and use, compared to studies conducted earlier. Participants found e-Learning useful and effective tool in increasing knowledge and understanding of their subject. Keywords: e-Learning; Practices; Students.

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The AST/ALT Ratio Is an Independent Prognostic Marker for Disease-free Survival in Stage II and III Colorectal Carcinoma

Anticancer Research ◽

10.21873/anticanres.14792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 429-436

Author(s):

LUKAS SCHEIPNER ◽

MARIA ANNA SMOLLE ◽

DOMINIK BARTH ◽

FLORIAN POSCH ◽

MICHAEL STOTZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Stage Ii ◽

Free Survival ◽

Independent Prognostic Marker ◽

Disease Free

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A comparative evaluation of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion between normal delivery and caesarean section

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183802 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3826

Author(s):

Sharmistha Sarkar ◽

Dhruba Prasad Paul ◽

Jayanta Ray

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

P Value ◽

Contraceptive Device ◽

Government Medical College ◽

Expulsion Rate ◽

Medical College ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Placental

Background: Adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes are related to pregnancies spaced too closely together. Objective of present study was to compare the expulsion rate and complications between post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery.Methods: This study was a prospective comparative study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Agartala Government Medical College over 1.5 Years (January 2016-June2017) All cases at term pregnancy delivering by caesarean section and vaginal delivery were divided into two different groups. Sample size of 105 in each group. Subjects recruited from-obstetrics OPD and casualty of Agartala Government Medical College (AGMC) and GB Pant Hospital expulsion rate and complications. Comparative evaluation of Expulsion rate and complications following post placental IUCD insertion between caesarean section and vaginal delivery at the end of six months, one year and one and half year.Results: There was no significant difference in either complications between the two groups (P value-.913) or outcomes (p value-.035). Expulsion rate 18.2% following vaginal delivery compared to those with intracaesarean insertion i.e 3.8%.Conclusions: The complications associated with postplacental Intrauterine device insertion is insignificant, still the awareness, acceptance and continuation are very low. Therefore Information, education Communication activity by the field workers must be enhanced to overcome this knowledge gap.

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Histopathological Analysis of Endometrial Biopsy in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v12i1.22608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

B Parajuli ◽

G Pun ◽

S Ranabhat ◽

S Poudel

Keyword(s):

Histopathological Examination ◽

Hydatidiform Mole ◽

College Teaching ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Age Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Dilatation And Curettage ◽

Partial Mole ◽

Proliferative Endometrium ◽

The Common

Objective: To study the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis of endometrial lesions and their distribution according to age. Methods: All the endometrium samples obtained by the procedure of dilatation and curettage and hysterectomy sent for histopathological examination at Pathology Department of Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The study duration was total 12 months ranging from July 2016 to June 2017. All the endometrial samples were processed, sectioned at 4 - 6 μm and stained with routine H & E stain. Patient’s data including age, sex, procedure of the biopsy taken and histopathological diagnosis were noted. A pathologist, using Olympus microscope, reported the slides. Cases were reviewed by a second pathologist whenever necessary. Results: A total of 128 cases were studied. The most common histopathological diagnosis was proliferative endometrium (28.9%) followed by disorder proliferative endometrium (15.65%). Most of the patients were in age group 36 - 45 years comprising 32.03%. Hydatidiform mole comprised of 7.03% and among Hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more common. Dilatation and curettage (82.8%) was the common procedure in compare to hysterectomy for the evaluation of endometrial lesions. Conclusions: In this study, we observed a variety of endometrial lesions. Most of them are benign; among benign, proliferative endometrium was the common histopathological diagnosis followed by disorder proliferative endometrium. Most common presenting age group was found to be at 36 - 45 years. In evaluation of hydatidiform mole, partial mole was more frequent in compare to complete mole. Conventional dilatation and curettage is the preferred method in developing countries with limited resource to screen endometrial lesion and therefore biopsy should be sent for histopathological examination. Thus histopathological examination of routinely stained hematoxylin and eosin is readily available and widely accepted standard technique for evaluation of the endometrial lesions.

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Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n1p265 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Abdul Haseeb ◽

Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽

Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽

Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Medical Students ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Educational Status ◽

Educational Programs ◽

P Value ◽

Medical College ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

The Mean ◽

Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

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Association of Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Cirrhosis Presented with COVID-19

10.53350/pjmhs211551134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1134-1135

Author(s):

M. A. Chhutto ◽

A. H. Mugheri ◽

A. H. Phulpoto ◽

I. A. Ansari ◽

A. Shaikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

P Value ◽

College Hospital ◽

Medical College ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Disease Study

Objective: To determine the association of adverse outcomes in term of mortality in patients with cirrhosis presented with coronavirus disease. Study Design: Retrospective/observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st March 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and twenty covid-19 patients of both genders with or without chronic liver disease were enrolled in this study. Patients were categorized in to two groups. Group A (with cirrhosis 60 patients) and group B (without cirrhosis 60 patients). Outcomes in term of mortality between both groups were examined. Results: There were 38 (63.33%) males and 22 (36.67%) were females with mean age 46.14±8.44 years in group A while in group B, 40 (66.67%) and 20 (33.33%) patients were males and females with mean age 45.26±9.34 years. Patients with cirrhosis had high mortality rate as compared to patients without cirrhosis (33.33% Vs 13.33%) with p-value 0.0001. Conclusion: A significant association of adverse outcomes was found in cirrhotic patients with coronavirus disease. Keywords: Chronic Liver Disease, Corvid-19, Mortality

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Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

10.53350/pjmhs2115123198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3198-3199

Author(s):

Pervez Muhammad ◽

Sajjad Muhammad ◽

Muhammad Tariq ◽

Amir Khan ◽

Akhtar Munir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Medical College ◽

Gender Study ◽

The Mean ◽

And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY, POTENCY AND RECOVERY OF INTRATHECAL 0.5% ROPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYLAND 0.5% LEVOBUPIVACAINE WITH FENTANYL IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES IN PATIENTS OF 18-60YEARS OF AGE

10.36106/ijsr/6220134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-76

Author(s):

Payel Mitra ◽

Archana Roy ◽

Aamir Huda

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Motor Block ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

P Value ◽

Equal Concentration ◽

Medical College ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

Care Surgery

INTRODUCTION:The recent trend in health care centres everywhere is to provide cost effective care to the patients. There is an increasing trend towards ambulatory day care surgery and rapid discharge of the patients. The operation of inguinal hernia or incisional hernia and even simple ligation surgeries are done without much complexities nowadays and can be completed in 60-90min without much intra or postoperative complications. Hence these have become an ideal procedure for outpatient setting and thereby reducing length of hospital stay. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:A comparative study of efcacy, potency and recovery of intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine with fentanyl and 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl in lower abdominal surgeries in patients of 18-60years of age. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block (SAB) at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. This study was conducted over a period of 24-month. Approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken. Awritten informed consent in the local language was taken from every patient. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In RF 5 patients (17%) had onset at 3min, 17patients (57%) at 6min, 7 patients (23%) at 9min, 1 patient (3%) at 12min. In LBF 8 patients had onset at 0 min, 22 patients had onset at 3min. p value is less than 0.0001 which is statistically signicant. In RF, 23 patients (77%) had duration of motor block for 150min and 7 patients (23%) had for 180min. In LBF, 26 patients (87%) had duration of motor block for 210 min and 4 patients (13%) had for 180min. The p value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically signicant. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: This study was to compare potency, efcacy and recovery between the two groups of drugs. A potency of a drug is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity. Here both the drugs in comparison was given in equal concentration and found that levobupivacaine produced higher effect, reached Bromage 3 in lesser time than ropivacaine. So levobupivacaine was more potent drug. Efcacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily

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