Fifth Generation of Wireless Networks (5G): Problems and Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
S.G. Kharchenko ◽  
N.K. Zhizhin
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of electromagnetic radiation of fifth generation (5G) networks. The characteristic of the 5G electromagnetic radiation spectrum and its features is given. The main advantages of implementing 5G networks proceeding from the Concept of the Ministry of communications of Russia are analyzed, including the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, augmented, extended reality, and virtual reality. Nine ways in which 5G and IoT will cause serious harm to people, wildlife, and our Earth are summarized. The conclusions of the Concept are being questioned. The article analyzes the results that the military personnel is expecting from the 5G network, including the introduction of hypersonic weapons, the creation of "smart military bases", "combat networks", the use of "portable combat items", drones, non-lethal, directed energy electronic weapons. It is justified: how does 5G differ qualitatively and quantitatively from 4G in its impact on human health. Based on the appeal of scientists and environmental organizations from 219 countries to the UN, the WTO, the EU, the Council of Europe and the governments of all States, the demand for the immediate termination of the deployment of a 5G wireless network on Earth and in space is justified.

MATCHING DIFFICULTIES: BELARUS IS PREPARING TO THE 5G NETWORKS DEPLOYMENT

LastMile ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ivashkin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Today, many countries around the world are actively building fifth generation mobile networks (5G/IMT-2020). The magazine Last Mile asked the director of the Republican unitary enterprise for supervision on telecommunications "BelGIE" of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter: State Enterprise "BelGIE") A.A. Ivashkin about the situation with the implementation of the 5G network in the Republic of Belarus.

Application of Fuzzy Logic for Slice QoS in 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Phudit Ampririt ◽  
Ermioni Qafzezi ◽  
Kevin Bylykbashi ◽  
Makoto Ikeda ◽  
Keita Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Network Slicing ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Qos Performance

The fifth generation (5G) network is expected to be flexible to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements, and the software-defined network (SDN) with network slicing will be a good approach for admission control. In this paper, the authors present and compare two fuzzy-based schemes to evaluate the QoS (FSQoS). They call these schemes FSQoS1 and FSQoS2. The FSQoS1 considers three parameters: slice throughput (ST), slice delay (SD), and slice loss (SL). In FSQoS2, they consider as an additional parameter the slice reliability (SR). So, FSQoS2 has four input parameters. They carried out simulations for evaluating the performance of the proposed schemes. From simulation results, they conclude that the considered parameters have different effects on the QoS performance. The FSQoS2 is more complex than FSQoS1, but it has a better performance for evaluating QoS. When ST and SR are increasing, the QoS parameter is increased. But, when SD and SL are increasing, the QoS is decreased. When ST is 0.1, SD is 0.1, SL is 0.1, and the QoS is increased by 32.02% when SR is increased from 0.3 to 0.8.

scholarly journals Software Defined Networks: Review and Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam ◽  
Mohammed Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p><i> In the fifth-generation communication system, secured and reliable data packets will rely on the network with high availability and low latency. The 5G network enables the dynamic control of nodes with low latency. Ultra-reliability is one of the challenging tasks in software-defined networks. The ultra-reliability feature is an interface working with high availability and low latency that brings in fifth-generation networks. The Internet of Things will work in the societies so that it required ultra-reliability features to empower the peoples as well as machines for collaborating with their neSoftware Defined Networksighbors. The connections among ultra-reliability networks are extremely hard situations to keep low packets corruption. The Software Defined Networks (SDN) will provide a platform for measuring, controlling, monitoring and scaling the smart objects in reality or virtually. Virtualization enables IT, specialists, to combine or separate the considerable networking or create new programmable networking among virtual machines. In this article, the authors are reviewed the architecture of SDN based on virtualization under the umbrella of 5G networks.</i></p>

scholarly journals Software Defined Networks: Review and Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam ◽  
Mohammed Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the fifth-generation communication system, secured and reliable data packets will rely on the network with high availability and low latency. The 5G network enables the dynamic control of nodes with low latency. Ultra-reliability is one of the challenging tasks in software-defined networks. The ultra-reliability feature is an interface working with high availability and low latency that brings in fifth-generation networks. The Internet of Things will work in the societies so that it required ultra-reliability features to empower the peoples as well as machines for collaborating with their neighbors. The connections among ultra-reliability networks are extremely hard situations to keep low packets corruption. The Software Defined Networks (SDN) will provide a platform for measuring, controlling, monitoring and scaling the smart objects in reality or virtually. Virtualization enables IT, specialists, to combine or separate the considerable networking or create new programmable networking among virtual machines. In this article, the authors are reviewed the architecture of SDN based on virtualization under the umbrella of 5G networks.

scholarly journals Software Defined Networks: Review and Architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam ◽  
Mohammed Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Software Defined Networks ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p><i> In the fifth-generation communication system, secured and reliable data packets will rely on the network with high availability and low latency. The 5G network enables the dynamic control of nodes with low latency. Ultra-reliability is one of the challenging tasks in software-defined networks. The ultra-reliability feature is an interface working with high availability and low latency that brings in fifth-generation networks. The Internet of Things will work in the societies so that it required ultra-reliability features to empower the peoples as well as machines for collaborating with their neSoftware Defined Networksighbors. The connections among ultra-reliability networks are extremely hard situations to keep low packets corruption. The Software Defined Networks (SDN) will provide a platform for measuring, controlling, monitoring and scaling the smart objects in reality or virtually. Virtualization enables IT, specialists, to combine or separate the considerable networking or create new programmable networking among virtual machines. In this article, the authors are reviewed the architecture of SDN based on virtualization under the umbrella of 5G networks.</i></p>

A REVIEW ON 5G WIRELESS NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Kareem A. Bakare ◽  
Lawal Idris Bagiwa ◽  
M. M. Nafisa ◽  
Auwa Abdulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
New Governance ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Wireless Communication Network ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network

The 5G networks stand for fifth generation mobile technology and can outperform earlier versions of wireless communication technology. The new technology provides diverse abilities and encourages full networking among countries globally. Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication network development was an initiative in furtherance to the current Fourth Generation (4G) wireless communication network technology. The 5G networks for future applications in all domains provide prospects for a fully connected society. The proliferation of all connectivity between the devices provides a broader range of new governance, business structures, health care delivery, Economic growth and insecurity reduction which subsequently paves a path towards different industry profiles, such as energy, Communication and manufacturing sectors. This paper discusses the Concept of 5G Network, 5G network implementation strategies and technology requirements, deployment challenges as well as suggestions on the way forward based on Nigerian context

scholarly journals A Device Centric Communication System for 5G Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Biswash ◽  
Santosh Nagaraj ◽  
Mahasweta Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Mobile System ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Communication Paradigm ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
And Performance

Fifth Generation (5G) networks hold the promise of features and performance levels that is going to put the conventional cellular communication paradigm through rigorous challenges. This paper presents a novel architecture for a 5G network which will be capable of mobile device centric communication regardless of the presence of a Base Station (BS). The major contribution of this paper, lies in the proposed system and protocol design of a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication system for 5G mobile system. The proposed design has two sub-categories – (a) fully device centric and (b) partially device centric. Additionally, the devices have been designed to communicate independently or with partial dependency on support from the BS. The system has been simulated under various parameters. The simulation results showcased in this paper highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed design.

scholarly journals Enabling Heterogeneous IoT Networks over 5G Networks with Ultra-Dense Deployment—Using MEC/SDN

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
Abdelhamied A. Ateya ◽  
Abeer D. Algarni ◽  
Monia Hamdi ◽  
Andrey Koucheryavy ◽  
Naglaa. F. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
5G Networks ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
System Availability ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Network Availability ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Platforms ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of things (IoT) is the third evolution of the traditional Internet that enables interaction and communication among machines. Many IoT platforms and networks have been developed, and recently, market sectors have started to develop specific IoT applications and services. Integrating heterogeneous IoT networks with the existing ones, mainly with the cellular networks, is a great demand. IoT represents one of the main use cases of the fifth-generation (5G) cellular system as announced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Integrating IoT networks with 5G networks face many challenges related to dense deployment and a massive number of expected connected devices. Thus, IoT network availability and scalability are the main requirements that should be achieved. To this end, this work provides a framework for integrating heterogeneous IoT networks with the 5G networks. The proposed system considers dense deployment and system scalability and availability requirements as announced by ITU and 3GPP. Our proposed structure deploys three main communication paradigms; mobile edge computing (MEC), device-to-device communications (D2D), and software-defined networking (SDN). Our proposed system is evaluated over a reliable environment for various deployment scenarios, and the results validate the proposed structure. The proposed IoT/5G reduces the percentage of blocked tasks by an average of 30% than other traditional IoT networks. This increases the overall system availability and scalability since IoT networks can have more devices and tasks than existing IoT networks. Furthermore, our proposed structure reduces the overall consumed energy by an average of 20% than existing IoT networks, which is an effective metric for IoT networks.

Elaborative Investigation of Blockchain Technology in Intelligent Networks

2022 ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Dhaya R. ◽  
Kanthavel R.
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Intelligent Networks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Network Protection ◽  
5G Network

The fifth generation (5G) network advancements focus to help mixed upright applications by associating heterogeneous gadgets and machines with extreme upgrades regarding high quality of administration, extended organization limit, and improved framework throughput regardless of significant difficulties like decentralization, straightforwardness, dangers of information interoperability, network protection, and security weaknesses. The challenges and limitations of other intelligent 5G intelligent internet of networks (5G IoTs) are also to be met by using blockchain technology with the integration of cloud computing and edge computing technologies. In this chapter, the authors render an elaborated analytics of the empowering of blockchain technology in intelligent networks that includes 5G networks and 5G-based IoT. The solutions for the spectrum management, data sharing, security, and privacy in 5G networks will also be analyzed. It is believed that the chapter would be useful for researchers in the field of blockchain in intelligent networks.

scholarly journals Optimal Consensus with Dual Abnormality Mode of Cellular IoT Based on Edge Computing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Shin-Hung Pan ◽  
Shu-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
The Internet ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network

The continuous development of fifth-generation (5G) networks is the main driving force for the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. It is expected that the 5G network will greatly expand the applications of the IoT, thereby promoting the operation of cellular networks, the security and network challenges of the IoT, and pushing the future of the Internet to the edge. Because the IoT can make anything in anyplace be connected together at any time, it can provide ubiquitous services. With the establishment and use of 5G wireless networks, the cellular IoT (CIoT) will be developed and applied. In order to provide more reliable CIoT applications, a reliable network topology is very important. Reaching a consensus is one of the most important issues in providing a highly reliable CIoT design. Therefore, it is necessary to reach a consensus so that even if some components in the system is abnormal, the application in the system can still execute correctly in CIoT. In this study, a protocol of consensus is discussed in CIoT with dual abnormality mode that combines dormant abnormality and malicious abnormality. The protocol proposed in this research not only allows all normal components in CIoT to reach a consensus with the minimum times of data exchange, but also allows the maximum number of dormant and malicious abnormal components in CIoT. In the meantime, the protocol can make all normal components in CIoT satisfy the constraints of reaching consensus: Termination, Agreement, and Integrity.

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