scholarly journals Comparative Characteristics of Cerebral Neuronal Patterns after Single and Prolonged Radiation Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
O. P. Gundarova ◽  
V. P. Fedorov ◽  
A. G. Kvaratskheliya ◽  
N. V. Maslov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Student’S T

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of radiation-induced patterns in cerebral neurons after a single and prolonged exposure to radiation.Material and methods. The experiment was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics, on 240 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months, exposed to a single or prolonged exposure to γ-quanta of 60Со in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, the content of protein and nucleic acids, as well as the activity of some dehydrogenases in the early (1st day) and long-term periods (up to 18 months) of the postradiation period. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Statistica 6.1 software packages, parametric methods were used (Student's t-test, regression and variance analysis), the significance level was 95%.Results. Despite a number of features of neuromorphological indicators dynamics, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in neurons. Among the influencing factors (radiation dose and time elapsed after irradiation), the radiation dose has a greater effect on the structural and functional state of neurons, but the elapsed time levels the resulting changes and most neuromorphological parameters do not have significant differences with the control. The revealed changes, as a rule, have a borderline character, and the level of their significance fluctuates around the indicators of age control within insignificant limits. One can find out a certain instability of the structural and functional organization and tension of the functioning of neurons under the irradiation regimes under consideration. At the same time, in the early periods of observation, more pronounced fluctuations in neuromorphological parameters occur with prolonged radiation exposure, and in later periods – with a single one. In general, no significant differences in the response of neurons to single and prolonged irradiation at the same total dose were found.Conclusion. No significant radiation-induced changes in the state of neurons have been established for all dose-time parameters and modes of exposure. The irradiation dose has a greater effect on neurons, but the time elapsed after irradiation regimens the resulting changes and the majority of neuromorphological parameters have no significant differences from the control. The considered modes of irradiation do not have significant differences among themselves by the response of neurons.

Changes in the Cortex Neurons in Single and Fractional Gamma Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. Ushakov ◽  
Vladimir Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fractionated Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Comparative assessment of radiation-induced changes in neurons of the cerebral cortex after a single and fractionated exposure to ionizing radiation in doses of 0.1 – 1.0 Gy. Material and methods. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics on 180 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months. by the beginning of the experiment, exposed to a single or fractionated exposure to γ-quanta of 60Co in total doses of 0.1; 0.2; 0.5 and 1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological and histochemical methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, as well as changes in the content of protein and nucleic acids in neurons in the early and late periods of the post-radiation period. Using one-way analysis of variance, a comparative assessment of neuromorphological indicators under various modes of radiation exposure is given. Results: In the control and irradiated animals throughout their life, undulating changes in the indicators of the state of the neurons of the brain occur with a gradual decrease by the end of the experiment. Despite a number of features of the dynamics of neuromorphological parameters, these irradiation regimes do not cause functionally significant changes in the neurons of the cortex. However, in some periods of the post-radiation period, the changes under the studied irradiation regimes were multidirectional and did not always correspond to age control. Significant differences in the response of neurons to these modes of radiation exposure in the sensory and motor areas of the cerebral cortex have not been established. Conclusion: No functionally significant radiation-induced changes in neurons were found either with single or fractionated irradiation. At the same time, different modes of irradiation in general caused the same type of changes in neurons. However, in some periods of observation, changes in neuromorphological parameters under the studied irradiation regimes were not unidirectional and differed from age control, which indicates a possible risk of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system against the background of other harmful and dangerous factors.

Radiation-Induced Changes in Nucleic Acids of Brain Neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
I. Ushakov ◽  
Vladimir Fyodorov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brain Neurons ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Study of radiation-induced changes in the content of nucleic acids in neurons of the brain after exposure to ionizing radiation in doses of 0.1 – 1.0 Gy. Material and methods. The study was carried out in compliance with the rules of bioethics on 240 white outbred male rats at the age of 4 months. by the beginning of the experiment, exposed to a single exposure to γ-radiation of 60Co in doses of 0.1–1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological methods were used to assess morphometric and tinctorial parameters of nerve cells, as well as the dynamics of changes in the content of nucleic acids in neurons during the entire life span of animals. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Statistica 6.1 software packages, using parametric criteria. Results: In control and irradiated animals throughout their life, there are undulating changes in the content of nucleic acids in the neurons of the brain with a gradual decrease in indicators by the end of the experiment. At the same time, changes in the level of DNA in the nuclei and RNA in the nucleoli are usually associated with changes in the size of the structures of their localization, and the RNA content in the cytoplasm is apparently associated with changes in the physiological state of neurons (rest, excitation, inhibition) and the corresponding structural and functional rearrangement of nerve cells. Nucleic acid changes do not have a linear dose and time dependence on the factors investigated. At the end of the experiment, when death of both irradiated and control animals is observed, the content of nucleic acids in neurons is statistically significantly reduced in all groups, and to a greater extent in irradiated animals. Conclusion: No functionally significant radiation-induced changes in the content and topochemistry of the products of histochemical reactions were revealed in the detection of nucleic acids in the structures of brain neurons. However, in some periods of observation, the content of nucleic acids in neurons in irradiated animal’s changes to a greater extent than in animals of age control.

scholarly journals THE NEUROMORPHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF RADIATION DOSE RATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
I. B. Ushakov ◽  
V. P. Fedorov ◽  
N. V. Sgibneva
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Brain Neurons ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Brain

Relevance. Liquidators of consequences of the radiation accidents demonstrate increased rates of psychoneurological diseases after radiation exposure. However, the functional reorganization of brain neurons versus radiation exposure is insufficiently studied, thus precluding assessment of the pathogenesis of these diseases.Intention. To study neuromorphological correlates of low-dose radiation effects on brain neurons in radiobiological experiments.Methodology. In this GLP study, white outbred male rats (150 animals) at the age of 4 months were exposed to 0,5 Gy 60Co γ-rays at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 6.6 Gy/h. Age control group included animals with false exposure. Brain samples were taken 1 day, 6, 12, 18, 24 months after exposure. After conventional histologic processing, tinctorial properties, morphometric parameters, total protein and nucleic acids were assessed in neurons with subsequent mathematical modeling.Results and analysis. Normochromic neurons decreased linearly and their destructive forms increased over the observation period with increase in the irradiation dose. Among reversible changes, neurons in a state of inhibition and decreased functional activity predominated. The nerve cell index decreased over time, therefore some neurons died. Neuronal morphometry fluctuated, as well as their main structures, protein, cytoplasm and nucleolus RNA, nucleus DNA. With increasing dose rate, the changes became more expressed, and differed from the control group. These changes could be a basis for pathological processes in the brain.Conclusion. The ionizing radiation of studied range doesn’t cause significant organic changes of the brain neurons. However, under increasing radiation exposure the number of dysfunctional neurons linearly increases, as well as altered neurons. Almost all the neuromorphological parameters change, thus resulting in instability of structural – functional organization of neurons, with potential CNS disorders.

scholarly journals Mathematical Planning When Choosing Rational Dosages of Ingredients for Adjusting the Composition of Bakery Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4562-4565
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein Isolate ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Test Adequacy ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Student’S T Test

The article provides a mathematical solution to the problem of choosing the dosages of ingredients in regulating the baking properties of wheat flour with the use of soy protein isolate, which allows not only adjusting the process but also improving the biological value of bakery products. The chosen main factors that influenced bread quality were the following: x1 – the dosage of soybean isolate, %; and x2 – dough moisture, %. These factors were compatible and uncorrelated. The central-composite rotatable design was chosen. The research program was laid out in the experiments planning matrix. The order of experiments was randomized using the table of random numbers, which excluded the influence of uncontrollable parameters on the results of the experiment. For statistical processing of the experiment results, the following statistical criteria were used: the significance of regression equations coefficients – Student's t-test, adequacy of equations – Fisher's variance ratio. As a result of the experimental data statistical processing according to the known methods, regression equations that adequately describe at the significance level of 5 % the dependence of the specific volume of bread and dimensional stability on the studied factors were obtained.

Определение риска развития предиабета и сахарного диабета 2-го типа на поликлиническом этапе у пациентов Красноярского края

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Microsoft Office

Objective – to study the risk of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in patients at the outpatient level. The subject of the study was approved at the meeting of the local ethics Committee of the Krasnoyarsk state medical university. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Ministry of health of the Russian Federation № 547 of 29.11.2019. Single-stage analysis of 470 questionnaires of patients of polyclinics of the Krasnoyarsk region who came to a clinic to see a primary care physician in 2019 was carried out. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used to create the database. Statistical processing was carried out in the statistical program Statsoft Statistica 10.0. Absolute and relative values-n (%), reflect nominal and categorical variables, mean and standard deviation (M±m) – relative variables. The student's t-test was used to assess the reliability of the mean values. A nonparametric method was used to compare two unrelated groups by quality. The differences were statistically significant if the significance level was p˂0,05. Approximately 23 % of patients were classified as at high and very high risk for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. The leading risk factors in the development of these diseases were elevated blood sugar levels, obesity and a complicated hereditary history. Pre-diabetes occurs in almost every third examined patient and increases the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. It is necessary to timely identify pre-diabetes by physicians to prevent the development of the disease and to carry out preventive measures in patients with subsequent correction of existing risk factors.

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Changes in the Nucleic Acids of Cerebellar Neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
O. P. Gundarova ◽  
E. A. Dvurekova ◽  
V. P. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cerebellar Neurons ◽  
Dose Time ◽  
Cytoplasmic Rna ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Granular Layers ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Control

The aim of research was to study radiation-induced changes in nucleic acids of cerebellar cortex neurons after exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation.Material and methods. The study included 150 male rats aged 4 months at the beginning of the experiment that were subjected to a single exposure of 60Co γ-rays dosage 0.1–1.0 Gy. Neuromorphological methods evaluated morphometric and tinctorial parameters of cerebellar neurons, as well as the dynamics of nucleic acids in neurons of the ganglion and granular layers of the cortex over the entire life span of animals. The results were statistically processed using Statistika 6.1 software, parametric criteria, mathematical modeling, and defining the potential for their development.Results. The animals of the control and experimental groups manifested wave-like changes in the content of nucleic acids in the cerebellar neurons throughout their life with a gradual decrease in parameters by the end of the post-radiation period. Moreover, DNA changes in the nuclei and RNA changes in the nucleoli were typically associated with changes in their size; however, changes in the cytoplasmic RNA were apparently associated with different physiological conditions of neurons (rest, excitation, inhibition). Regression analysis showed that irradiation in the studied doses had a nonlinear stochastic effect on neuro-morphological parameters, revealed no dose-time dependence and did not cause significant organic changes in cerebellar neurons. At the end of the postradiation period, with the death of animals in both – experimental and control groups, the content of nucleic acids in neurons statistically significantly decreased in all groups, and this process was more pronounced in the group of irradiated animals.Conclusion. No significant radiation-induced changes were detected in the content and topochemistry of the products of histochemical reactions with the detection of nucleic acids in the structures of neurons of the cerebellar cortex. However, at the end of the experiment, the content of nucleic acids in neurons in irradiated animals decreased more significantly than in animals of age control (p <0.05).

scholarly journals The neuromorphological correlates of prolonged radiation exposure

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Ushakov ◽  
V. P. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brain Neurons ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Relevance.Liquidators of the consequences of radiation accidents have an increase in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the structural and functional rearrangement of brain neurons under prolonged low radiation exposure remains virtually unexplored, which makes it difficult to assess the pathogenesis of these diseases.Intention.To study morphological correlates of prolonged low radiation effects on brain neurons in the model of radiobiological experiment.Method.270 white outbred male rats aged 4 months were exposed to radiation-quanta of 60Co in equal portions in total doses of 10; 20; 50 and 100 cGy with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/h over 5 days. Age control consisted of animals exposed to false radiation. Animal studies complied with GLP standards. Brain fragments were taken after 1 day, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after irradiation. After a standard histological treatment, changes in the tinctorial properties of neurons, their morphometric parameters, total protein and nucleic acids were evaluated.Results and their analysis. At the end of the observation period, the number of normochromic neurons decreased and the number of hyper and hypochromic cells increased, as well as their destructive forms. The neuro-cellular index decreased over time suggesting the death of some neurons, but without a statistically significant decrease in their number per area. In the post-irradiation period there were observed phase changes in the size of the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus of neurons, as well as the content of protein and nucleic acids (RNA in the cytoplasm and nucleoli, DNA in the nuclei), more pronounced in irradiated animals and sometimes different from those observed in age control animals. As a result, a number of neuromorphological parameters in some periods of observation were not consistent with those in control animals, with a certain instability in the structural and functional organization of neurons.Conclusion.Prolonged low-dose ionizing radiation does not cause significant organic changes in the brain. However, increased radiation exposure or other concomitant adverse factors can be associated with further instability of the structural and functional organization of neurons and serve as a material substrate for a number of deviations in the central nervous system.

EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC FACILITY IN KATSINA- NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-729
Author(s):  
Usman Sani ◽  
Bashir Gide Muhammad ◽  
Dimas Skam Joseph ◽  
D. Z. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Poor implementation of quality assurance programs in the radiation industry has been a major setback in our locality. Several studies revealed that occupational workers are exposed to many potential hazards of ionizing radiation during radio-diagnostic procedures, yet radiation workers are often not monitored. This study aims to evaluate the occupational exposure of the radiation workers in Federal Medical Centre Katsina, and to compare the exposure with recommended occupational radiation dose limits. The quarterly readings of 20 thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs') used by the radiation workers from January to December, 2019 were collected from the facility's radiation monitoring archive, and subsequently assessed and analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual equivalent dose per occupational worker range from 0.74 to 1.20 mSv and 1.28 to 2.21 mSv for skin surface and deep skin dose, measured at 10 mm and 0.07 mm tissue depth respectively. The occupational dose was within the recommended national and international limits of 5 mSv per annum or an average of 20 mSv in 5 years. Therefore, there was no significant radiation exposure to all the occupational workers in the study area. Though, the occupational radiation dose is within recommended limit, this does not eliminate stochastic effect of radiation. The study recommended that the occupational workers should adhere and strictly comply with the principles of radiation protection which includes distance, short exposure time, shielding and proper monitoring of dose limits. Furthermore, continuous training of the radiation workers is advised.

scholarly journals Radiation Dose Reduction in CT Torsion Measurement of the Lower Limb: Introduction of a New Ultra-Low Dose Protocol

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Gabriel Keller ◽  
Simon Götz ◽  
Mareen Sarah Kraus ◽  
Leonard Grünwald ◽  
Fabian Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Pelvic Radiograph ◽  
Lower Radiation Dose ◽  
Median Total Dose ◽  
Image Reconstruction Algorithms

This study analyzed the radiation exposure of a new ultra-low dose (ULD) protocol compared to a high-quality (HQ) protocol for CT-torsion measurement of the lower limb. The analyzed patients (n = 60) were examined in the period March to October 2019. In total, 30 consecutive patients were examined with the HQ and 30 consecutive patients with the new ULD protocol comprising automatic tube voltage selection, automatic exposure control, and iterative image reconstruction algorithms. Radiation dose parameters as well as the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and diagnostic confidence (DC; rated by two radiologists) were analyzed and potential predictor variables, such as body mass index and body volume, were assessed. The new ULD protocol resulted in significantly lower radiation dose parameters, with a reduction of the median total dose equivalent to 0.17 mSv in the ULD protocol compared to 4.37 mSv in the HQ protocol (p < 0.001). Both groups showed no significant differences in regard to other parameters (p = 0.344–0.923). CNR was 12.2% lower using the new ULD protocol (p = 0.033). DC was rated best by both readers in every HQ CT and in every ULD CT. The new ULD protocol for CT-torsion measurement of the lower limb resulted in a 96% decrease of radiation exposure down to the level of a single pelvic radiograph while maintaining good image quality.

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