scholarly journals Polymer binders for the electrodes of lithium batteries. Part 3. Conductive polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Aigul S. Istomina ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Bushkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Intrinsic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Semiconductors ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Conductive Additives ◽  
Selection Of

The third part of the review is devoted to polymer binders with electronic conductivity used to make composite electrodes for lithium electrochemical systems. Polymer semiconductors (“synthetic metals”), related polymers with additionally introduced functional groups, related copolymers and mixtures of polymers, as well as carbon chain polymers and copolymers with inсorporated polyaromatic fragments are considered. Such materials significantly improve electrical connectivity of the composite electrode and make it possible to eliminate or minimise the content of electrochemically inert conductive additives (carbon black, graphite powder), which positively influences on the specific capacity and cycling stability of the electrodes. Improving conditions of electronic transfer is especially important for the efficient use of active materials with extremely low intrinsic conductivity, such as Si, Li4Ti5O12, LiFePO4, etc. The final part of the review summarizes general principles of the targeted selection of a polymer binder.

scholarly journals Polymer Binders for the Electrodes of Lithium Batteries Part 1. Polyvinylidene Fluoride, its Derivatives and other Commercialized Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Aigul S. Istomina ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Bushkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽  
Selection Of

The current situation in technology and developments in the field of polymer binders for composite electrodes of lithium electrochemical systems are discussed. A wide range of synthetic and natural polymers used for this purpose is considered. Emphasis is placed on commercially available materials, which form aqueous solutions or dispersions. The advantages of multifunctional polymer binders are demonstrated. The need for individual selection of a binder for a given active material to achieve and maintain high capacitive and power characteristics of the batteries, as well as to ensure their longterm safe cycling, is shown.

LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn): Potential Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries

2002 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L. Allen ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Sam S. Zhang ◽  
T. Richard Jow
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Manganese Phosphate ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal

AbstractRecently discovered borates, LiMBO3 (M=Fe, Mn), share similarities with LiFe(Mn)PO4. They are polyanion structures, contain extractable lithium and suffer from low electronic conductivity. They are attractive to replace expensive, less abundant redox metals in current use in cathodes with environmentally friendly iron or manganese. Phosphate or borate groups adjacent to the redox active metal increase the voltage of the redox couple through an inductive effect. The LiFeBO3 discharge curve shows a pseudo-plateau around 2.6 V for the Fe(II) / Fe(III) couple. This study brings to bear techniques to improve electrode conductivity to produce LiMBO3 composite electrodes thus allowing access to some of the high, theoretical specific capacity. At low current, up to 70 percent of lithium could be extracted from LiFeBO3 that was prepared in the presence of high surface area, highly electrically conductive carbon black. Attempts to improve the cathode properties of LiMnBO3 were less successful.

scholarly journals PEDOT-Coated Red Phosphorus Nanosphere Anodes for Pseudocapacitive Potassium-Ion Storage

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Lan Feng ◽  
Jinying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have come up as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to abundant potassium storage in the crust. Red phosphorus is a promising anode material for KIBs with abundant resources and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, large volume expansion, low electronic conductivity, and limited K+ charging speed in red phosphorus upon cycling have severely hindered the development of red phosphorus-based anodes. To obtain improved conductivity and structural stability, surface engineering of red phosphorus is required. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated red phosphorus nanospheres (RPNP@PEDOT) with an average diameter of 60 nm were synthesized via a facile solution-phase approach. PEDOT can relieve the volume change of red phosphorus and promote electron/ion transportation during charge−discharge cycles, which is partially corroborated by our DFT calculations. A specific capacity of 402 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 40 cycles, and a specific capacity of 302 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 275 cycles, were achieved by RPNP@PEDOT anode with a high pseudocapacitive contribution of 62%. The surface–interface engineering for the organic–inorganic composite of RPNP@PEDOT provides a novel perspective for broad applications of red phosphorus-based KIBs in fast charging occasions.

scholarly journals Wire-in-Wire TiO2/C Nanofibers Free-Standing Anodes for Li-Ion and K-Ion Batteries with Long Cycling Stability and High Capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Die Su ◽  
Yi Pei ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhixiao Liu ◽  
Junfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
High Specific Capacity ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride ◽  
Carbon Network

AbstractWearable and portable mobile phones play a critical role in the market, and one of the key technologies is the flexible electrode with high specific capacity and excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, a wire-in-wire TiO2/C nanofibers (TiO2 ww/CN) film is synthesized via electrospinning with selenium as a structural inducer. The interconnected carbon network and unique wire-in-wire nanostructure cannot only improve electronic conductivity and induce effective charge transports, but also bring a superior mechanic flexibility. Ultimately, TiO2 ww/CN film shows outstanding electrochemical performance as free-standing electrodes in Li/K ion batteries. It shows a discharge capacity as high as 303 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 6000 cycles in Li half-cells, and the unique structure is well-reserved after long-term cycling. Moreover, even TiO2 has a large diffusion barrier of K+, TiO2 ww/CN film demonstrates excellent performance (259 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) in K half-cells owing to extraordinary pseudocapacitive contribution. The Li/K full cells consisted of TiO2 ww/CN film anode and LiFePO4/Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride cathode possess outstanding cycling stability and demonstrate practical application from lighting at least 19 LEDs. It is, therefore, expected that this material will find broad applications in portable and wearable Li/K-ion batteries.

Processing and Performance of V205 Xerogel, Aerogel, and Aerogellike Materials as Lithium Intercalation Hosts

1998 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland H. Manhart ◽  
Jun John Xu ◽  
Fabrice Coustier ◽  
Stefano Passerini ◽  
Boone B. Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Methyl Formate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Intercalation ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

ABSTRACTVarious forms of vanadium pentoxide, including xerogel, aerogel, and aerogel-like forms, were prepared by sol-gel synthesis and processed by novel procedures following synthesis. It was demonstrated that the intrinsic thermodynamics of lithium intercalation of the ARG and ARG-like materials prepared by solvent exchange processes involving methyl formate (MF/ARG and MF/ARG-xslike) are identical, while they are drastically different from those of the parent XRG, which gives rise to significantly increased specific energies for the MF/ARG or MF/ARG-like as lithium intercalation hosts. All three forms are capable of reversibly intercalating up to four moles of Li+ ions per mole of V205 electrochemically and can be cathode candidates for rechargeable lithium batteries. Various processing methods for fabricating composite electrodes with the XRG led to specific capacity in the range of 300 to 350 mAh/g at C4Li/ 20 rate, and good cyclability.

High-Capacity Derivatives Produced from Hydrolytic Lignin as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Yury M. Nikolenko ◽  
Denis P. Opra ◽  
Alexander K. Tsvetnikov ◽  
Alexander Yu. Ustinov ◽  
Valery G. Kuryavyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin

The hydrolytic lignin derivatives have been prepared via its physical activation (high-temperature heating in vacuum) followed by chemical modification (fluorination). The obtained products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the graphitized product of thermal activation up to 1000 °C at a low rate of < 2 °C/min under high vacuum shows an enhanced specific surface area (215 m2/g), that makes its potentially useful as sorbent, catalytic substrate or electrode material. To clarify the potentialities of hydrolytic lignin derivatives for energy storage and conversion, the electrochemical system with metallic lithium anode was applied. The galvanostatic discharge of battery at a current density of 100 μA/cm2between 3.0 and 0.5 V shows that the specific capacity of thermally activated derivative is equal to 845 mA·h/g, while the untreated lignin yields only 190 mA·h/g. The improve of the electrochemical performance of product originates from its graphitization, increasing electronic conductivity, and, possibly, enhanced ability to adsorb of oxygen. The fluorination of both the lignin and its thermally activated form results in higher operating voltage of battery, as seems, due to the involvement of fluorine bound to carbon in electrochemical process.

Constructing zigzag-like hollow mesoporous nanospheres MoO2/C with superior lithium storage performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencai Zhao ◽  
Y.F. Yuan ◽  
S.M. Yin ◽  
Gaoshen Cai ◽  
S.Y. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Lithium Storage

Abstract Hollow mesoporous nanospheres MoO2/C are successfully constructed through metal chelating reaction between molybdenum acetylacetone and glycerol as well as the Kirkendall effect induced by diammonium hydrogen phosphate. MoO2 nanoparticles coupled by amorphous carbon are assembled to unique zigzag-like hollow mesoporous nanosphere with large specific surface area of 147.7 m2 g-1 and main pore size of 8.7 nm. The content of carbon is 9.1%. As anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the composite shows high specific capacity and excellent cycling performance. At 0.2 A g-1, average discharge capacity stabilizes at 1092 mAh g-1. At 1 A g-1 after 700 cycles, the discharge capacity still reaches 512 mAh g-1. Impressively, the composite preserves intact after 700 cycles. Even at 5 A g-1, the discharge capacity can reach 321 mAh g-1, exhibiting superior rate capability. Various kinetics analyses demonstrate that in electrochemical reaction, the proportion of the surface capacitive effect is higher, and the composite has relatively high diffusion coefficient of Li ions and fast faradic reaction kinetics. Excellent lithium storge performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of zigzag-like hollow mesoporous nanosphere and amorphous carbon, which improves reaction kinetics, structure stability and electronic conductivity of MoO2. The present work provides a new useful structure design strategy for advanced energy storage application of MoO2.

scholarly journals MnO2/rGO/CNTs Framework as a Sulfur Host for High-Performance Li-S Batteries

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dong ◽  
Lingqiang Meng ◽  
Xiaodong Hong ◽  
Sizhe Liu ◽  
Ding Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Framework Structure ◽  
Shuttle Effect ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Lithium Sulfur ◽  
Initial Capacity

Lithium-sulfur batteries are very promising next-generation energy storage batteries due to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the shuttle effect of lithium-sulfur batteries is one of the important bottlenecks that limits its rapid development. Herein, physical and chemical dual adsorption of lithium polysulfides are achieved by designing a novel framework structure consisting of MnO2, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The framework-structure composite of MnO2/rGO/CNTs is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The framework exhibits a uniform and abundant mesoporous structure (concentrating in ~12 nm). MnO2 is an α phase structure and the α-MnO2 also has a significant effect on the adsorption of lithium polysulfides. The rGO and CNTs provide a good physical adsorption interaction and good electronic conductivity for the dissolved polysulfides. As a result, the MnO2/rGO/CNTs/S cathode delivered a high initial capacity of 1201 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. The average capacities were 916 mAh g−1, 736 mAh g−1, and 547 mAh g−1 at the current densities of 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C, respectively. In addition, when tested at 0.5 C, the MnO2/rGO/CNTs/S exhibited a high initial capacity of 1010 mAh g−1 and achieved 780 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles, with a low capacity decay rate of 0.11% per cycle. This framework-structure composite provides a simple way to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Active Material, Conductive Additives, and Binder in a Cathode Composite Electrode on Battery Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Polymer Binder ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Interfacial Resistance ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Conductive Additives

The current study investigated the effects of active material, conductive additives, and binder in a composite electrode on battery performance. In addition, the parameters related to cell performance as well as side reactions were integrated in an electrochemical model. In order to predict the cell performance, key parameters including manganese dissolution, electronic conductivity, and resistance were first measured through experiments. Experimental results determined that a higher ratio of polymer binder to conductive additives increased the interfacial resistance, and a higher ratio of conductive additives to polymer binder in the electrode resulted in an increase in dissolved transition metal ions from the LiMn2O4 composite electrode. By performing a degradation simulation with these parameters, battery capacity was predicted with various fractions of constituents in the composite electrode. The present study shows that by using this integrated prediction method, the optimal ratio of constituents for a particular cathode composite electrode can be specified that will maximize battery performance.

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