scholarly journals Factors of the Russian-Chinese economic relations development in the Eurasian integration field

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Selyukov ◽  
◽  
Natalia P. Shalygina ◽  
Anna M. Kulik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. We can confidently say already that in the current conditions of global economic development, China is the most important and priority partner in the development of our country’s foreign economic activity. Theoretical analysis. The development of a strategic approach to bilateral economic cooperation with China is the most relevant in the modern system of coordinates of Russia’s foreign economic activity. Nowadays China is really the most important and priority partner in the issues related to the development of our country’s foreign economic activity. There have been different stages in the history of relations between Russia and China, but their current state gives hope for even greater mutually beneficial effect in the strategic perspective. The need to study the formation, transformation and development of Russian-Chinese relations in the context of foreign economic relations and projects is due to the growing influence of China in Russia over the past four years, the cooling of relations between Russia and the West after the events of 2014 and the Russian “turn to the East”. Empirical analysis. Speaking about the effectiveness of foreign trade relations between Russia and China in 2019, it should be noted that Russia’s trade turnover with China in 2019 increased by 3.4% to $110.76 billion, including Russia’s exports to China increased by 3.2% to $61.05 billion, imports from China to Russia increased by 3.6% to $49.7 billion. In comparison, the trade turnover between China and the United States fell by 14.6% to $541.22 billion againist the background of a trade war between these countries. It amounted to USD 541.22 billion, with USD 418 billion coming from China to America. Results. The prerequisites and factors for further development of relations and deepening of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China have recently been growing. In addition to classical factors: geographical, territorial and, consequently, common border, which allows the development of new forms of cooperation and business (cross-border trade, cross-border economic zones and clusters, interbank settlements in national currencies in border areas, etc.). Political factors are increasing, as well as the impact of modern world economic trends on deepening bilateral economic relations between the countries. However, it is important to remember that in today’s realities Russia needs China more than China needs Russia.

ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA. Part 3: Economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia – China – the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, which determines the interdependence of the national economies of these countries, is proposed. This allows us to give a forecast of the development of economic relations between the countries of the strategic triangle. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China are important economic partners for each other.

Observations on the Structure of World Trade and Payments

1956 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-559
Author(s):  
Herbert B. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

EVENTS intimately linked to our foreign relations have profoundly affected the level of economic activity in the United States and the character of our economic progress and stability. They cannot be disregarded by those concerned with the level of economic activity in this country. Furthermore, those concerned with the economic policies of the United States must also be concerned with the impact of those policies upon the rest of the world because of the great importance of the United States in the world economy, and because of the link between economic, political, and military events at home and abroad. Since the United States cannot ignore the far-reaching and indirect effect of its policies and decisions, the American people and their government require a detailed and systematic understanding of the economic interrelationships among all countries of the world. Even more, to exercise the international leadership which our great size and resources impose upon us, we must be in a position to assess the effect of developments and actions everywhere upon the political and economic strength of the free world. This article considers a few of the salient features of world economic relations which should always be kept in mind in assessing economic policy alternatives.

scholarly journals THE POSITION OF THE FINANCIAL COMPONENT IN THE PARADIGM OF MODERN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Flissak ◽  
Darya Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 21st century, most subjects of international economic relations announced a course to liberalize the world economy both as a whole and as its individual components. At the same time, under the influence of geopolitical and geo-economic aspirations, state instruments of a protectionist nature were increasingly used. Global economic development has become a hostage to such processes. In such circumstances, the efficiency of individual business entities has begun to decline. Innovative tools were needed to prevent this. One of them was economic diplomacy, which has acquired a special role in providing the promotion of the interests of both national economies as a whole and their individual subjects. At the same time, economic diplomacy itself covers different areas of economic activity and not all of them are investigated to the same extent. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the financial component of economic diplomacy in modern conditions, the specifics of its formation and development, aimed at improving the national system of promoting national interests both within the state and abroad. To achieve this goal, the research is focused on the following tasks: to consider and analyze the theoretical basis of the financial component of economic diplomacy, to highlight its manifestations in various forms of international economic relations, to determine the main imperatives of state support for international investment partnership. Special attention is paid to the issues of external borrowing and the movement of public debt funds from the point of view of the influence of economic diplomacy on them. Based on the results of this review, a whole number of theoretical conclusions were made, which at the same time establish the basis for further research of the considered problem. Methodology. In the process of preparing the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, analysis and synthesis, generalization, as well as statistical and economic methods were used to assess a number of financial and economic indicators of state development in order to identify the weaknesses and prospects for the impact of economic diplomacy tools on them. The information and analytical base for the study are materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with the issues under consideration (UNCTAD, IMF, World Bank), regulatory and statistical data of state authorities of Ukraine and the United States, the results of scientific research of modern scientists from different countries. The results of the study show that providing the proper efficiency of foreign economic activity requires the use of a set of tools to promote and support its subjects. Economic diplomacy plays a significant role in this sphere. The development level of international economic relations actualizes the justification of the modern paradigm of the financial component, mechanisms for applying the tools of economic diplomacy in financial issues. All this requires a clear delineation and structuring of object-by-object areas and directions of efforts. Only on this basis, an effective mechanism for implementing the financial component of economic diplomacy can be formed. The practical implications of the scientific research are to find out the current state of economic diplomacy mechanisms in the financial sphere, trends in their development, and potential consequences for other states (including Ukraine). Value/originality. The studied mechanisms and practice of using economic diplomacy in the sphere of the financial component, in particular in issues of interstate investment partnership, external government borrowing, and work with public debt deserve attention from the relevant state structures of Ukraine on the implementation of tools and standards of economic diplomacy in this area. In addition, this study can serve as a basis for further research, since the considered problem contains the significant potential for further investigations in subsequent scientific publications.

scholarly journals A GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE TURNOVER BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Tetyana Melnyk ◽  
Nataliya Kalyuzhna ◽  
Kateryna Pugachevska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Determining the conditions for further liberalization and the reality of long-term and effective trade and economic cooperation of Ukraine with the EU countries requires assessing the strength and probability of the influence of institutional factors. The possibility of taking into account the significance of institutional factors in the development of foreign trade relations creates a gravity modelling. Determination of gravitational principles of foreign trade actualizes the problem of developing the gravity model, which takes into account impact of institutional factors, contains the necessary and sufficient number of factors, and may be tested for adequacy based on statistical data. The purpose of the paper is to construct the gravity model taking into account the institutional conditions of trade and its empirical verification on the example of trade turnover between Ukraine and the EU. Methodology. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used for constructing the gravity model, estimating its statistical significance and predictive ability. In the article, the necessity of taking into account the influence of institutional factors on the formation of the competitive status of the country in the sphere of international trade is substantiated. It is proved that, in conditions of increasing the contradictory nature of trade relations, the role of institutional gravity factors in foreign trade between states increases. The result of the article is the gravity model with such explanatory factors, as the gross domestic product of trade partners in purchasing power parity and the complex characteristic of “trade distance” between countries as an indicator of the influence of institutional factors on foreign trade relations. As a conclusion, it may be noted that the model is statistically significant, adequately describes the input data. The proposed model takes into account the presence of institutional factors of foreign trade, whose influence on the interstate trade and economic cooperation conditions is constantly increasing. Value/originality. The proposed results can be used for modelling and forecasting of foreign trade between trading partners, taking into account the impact of specific institutional factors on their foreign trade relations.

scholarly journals MODERN CONDITION OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF REGIONS OF UKRAINE AND REPUBLIC OF POLAND

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ya. Oliynyk ◽  
V. Obodovska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover

The most important part of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation is trade and economic sphere. Exactly it represents the real state of cooperation between the two countries at the regional level, but not only declares Partnership in official documents, are shown. Republic of Poland is the largest trade partner of Ukraine among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and occupies a fourth place on results 2015, as well as in previous years (since 2007), after the volumes of export-import operations by the partner of Ukrainian the world (after Russia, China and Germany). Therefore, enhancing and strengthening trade relations Ukraine with Republic of Poland is extremely important and necessary to improve the socio-economic situation of the regions as well as in the whole country, are investigated. Contemporary characteristics of trade and economic cooperation between regions of Ukraine and Republic of Poland are explored. Foreign trade turnover (goods+services), exports and imports of goods and services regions of Ukraine with Republic of Poland for 2007-2015 years, are analyzed. Detailed characteristics of these indicators in a regional context and established the trend for the years 2007-2015 years dynamics are given. Ukraine regions with the largest foreign trade turnover (goods + services), exports and imports of goods and services described with Republic of Poland are disclosed. The strongest foreign economic relations of regions of Ukraine with Republic of Poland during the analyzed period are revealed. In the regional aspect the largest external trade (goods + services) in Ukraine with Republic of Poland for 2007-2015 year are: Kyiv region with city Kyiv – 13680,1 mln. USD (27.9%), Lvivska – 7524 mln. USD (15.3%) and Dnipropetrovska – 6467,5 mln. USD (13.2%) regions. The high volume of foreign trade show Donetska – 3239,5 mln. USD (6.6%), Zaporizka – 2706,4 mln. USD (5.5%), Ternopilska – 1941 mln. USD (4.0%), Luhanska – 1920,2 mln. USD (3.9%) and Volynska – 1785 mln. USD (3.6%) regions.

ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE STRATEGIC TRIANGLE COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA. Part 1: Economic cooperation between the US and the People's Republic of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia – China – the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, which determines the interdependence of the two largest national economies in the world, is proposed. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: despite the trade war between the United States and China, these countries continue to remain important economic partners for each other.

ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE "STRATEGIC TRIANGLE" COUNTRIES RUSSIAN FEDERATION – PRC – USA Part 2: Economic cooperation between the USA and the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of economic cooperation between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on the economic relations of the countries of the strategic triangle Russia- China-the United States. An approach to the analysis of trade and investment cooperation between the United States of America and the Russian Federation, which determines the interdependence of the national economies of these countries, is proposed. This allows us to give a forecast of the development of economic relations between the countries of the strategic triangle. The results of the analysis can be used to justify recommendations to the leadership of our country. The conclusion is made: despite the sanctions struggle between the United States and the Russian Federation, these countries continue to remain important economic partners for each other.

scholarly journals Sino-US Trade and Trade War

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Usha Kashyap ◽  
Neha Bothra ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Association ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Impact

Trade has been one of the most primary reasons behind economic association. Cross-border trade not only makes the markets cost-efficient but rather also brings up a higher degree of specialization to the respective nations. Bilateral trades have proven to be quintessential to both sides of the deal. However, on a parallel front, every economy has a self-interest toward the domestic produce, and they also try to defend their local manufacturers from cross-border competition. The United States has an “America-first” policy. Whenever the United States imposes tariffs and duties, similar responses have been observed by China. These moves are an area of great concern for global trade. The impact is often visible on the rest of the world. A trade-off exists between domestic economic growth and favored imports. This study is an attempt to discuss the trade relations between the United States and China and how this has led to a trade war. The trade tensions between the United States and China may continue for a few more years. There is a battle for economic supremacy and global leadership. This study explains why the United States is increasing tariffs on Chinese goods and how China is retaliating. This US–China trade war has affected not only the two economies but also the world economy. This study elucidates the repercussions of trade war on the international supply chain and the countries of the European Union. This study has also endeavored to discuss the impact of this trade war on the Indian economy. It is a golden opportunity for India to increase exports to China, the United States, and Europe.

Trade between Russia and the Maghreb: Trends and Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Liudmila V. Shkvarya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Current State ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Legislative Framework

The article analyzes the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and the Maghreb. The author considers the objectives of this cooperation, its potential and dynamics, as well as models of its implementation. The author comes to the conclusion that the potential of trade and economic cooperation is far from exhausted. Trade relations between the two countries developed ambiguously in the formation of the tendency to increase trade turnover. Investments remain insignificant, however, in the presence of a number of joint projects. Trade is unbalanced, both by country and by export-import flows, by year. Among the reasons, the author highlights the lack of timely and reliable information about the state of the partner countries ' markets, their legislative framework, mentality and peculiarities of business culture, as well as the preservation of models of interaction that do not correspond to modern realities, including the lack of understanding of the importance of the region in Russia. The author substantiates the point of view that the parties have both the opportunity and the need to further develop the potential of trade and economic cooperation to strengthen the Russian presence in the region, represented by both public and private structures in a number of areas, among which a special place is occupied by energy, engineering, chemistry and petrochemistry. In addition, it is important to intensify the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Maghreb countries in the social sphere, primarily in the areas of health and education, as well as in the cultural sphere.

scholarly journals Cross-border territories development as an indicator of the integration processes effectiveness

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
I. V. Mishchenko ◽  
E. G. Shustova ◽  
I. V. Milkina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Integration Effect ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

The development of cross-border territories and the impact of integration processes on them has been considered in the article. The creation of the Eurasian Economic Union becomes an impetus for the development of both the member states of the organization and their individual territories. This integration formation is relatively young, but today it creates a common market for the movement of goods, services, labor and capital. That is the cross-border territories, as bridges between countries, which feel the effect of the processes taking place in the common economic space: the trade turnover between the countries increases, as well as the inflow of investment and labor.The study is aimed at identifying the effect of integration processes on the development of two cross – border areas-Altai territory (Russian Federation) and East Kazakhstan region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The analysis showed, that the mutual trade turnover has increased between the countries and these territories; there is a good foundation for the development of cooperation in production. However, other indicators of socio-economic development have a negative trend. The outflow of population from these territories continues. The territories do not attract a significant amount of investment.The measures to increase the attractiveness of the Altai territory and East Kazakhstan region within the Eurasian Economic Union have been offered: strengthening production ties through the creation of industrial clusters; the inclusion of territories in the implementation of the project “economic belt of the silk road”; the use of the natural potential of the territories for the creation and development of joint tourist destinations. The measures proposed in the article will strengthen cooperation between cross-border territories, create favorable conditions for increasing the integration effect in these territories, developing infrastructure and cooperating in the main sectors of the border countries, strengthening financial ties and attracting investment.

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