scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Assessment and Heat-Related Illnesses among Sellers in Periodic Local Markets: A Case Study in Hot and Dry Climate of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Rahimifard ◽  
Hamidreza Heidari ◽  
Abolfazl Mohamadbeigi ◽  
Ahmad Soltanzadeh ◽  
Mohsen Mahdinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Globe Temperature

Background:This study aims to evaluate the thermal conditions of periodic local markets and determine the thermal comfort and sensation of sellers, as well as the prevalence of heat-related diseases in the hot and dry climate of Iran. Methods:In this study, thermal comfort and sensation of 330 sellers from periodic markets in Qom city, a dry and hot climate in Iran, were evaluated. Measurements were performed for 15 days, from July 16 to August 1. To assess environmental thermal condition, wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index and discomfort index (DI) were determined, and participants' tympanic temperature was determined to consistency assessment with thermal indices. Finally, the effects of environmental, personal, and working conditions on the prevalence of heat-related diseases among sellers were determined. Results:The environmental indices, including DI and WBGT index, had the most association with heat-related illnesses and tympanic temperature (P<0.05). The sellers perceived the environmental conditions as warm to hot after 1:00 pm. Besides, they expressed an uncomfortable or very uncomfortable situation after 12:00 pm. The findings showed that environmental parameters play a more important role in the prevalence of heat-related diseases and heat strain than individual and occupational factors. Conclusion:The sellers may be at risk of heat stress in outdoor markets in nearly half of the workday in the summer months. Therefore, it is very important that these people receive the necessary training in the prevention of heat illness in order to take appropriate protective measures in accordance with local conditions.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort control via air conditioning system using fuzzy neural network feedback controller

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Somaye A. Mohamadi ◽  
Abdulraheem J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

<span>Despite their complexity and uncertainty, air conditioning systems should provide the optimal thermal conditions in a building. These controller systems should be adaptable to changes in environmental parameters. In most air conditioning systems, today, there are On/Off controllers or PID in more advanced types, which, due to different environmental conditions, are not optimal and cannot provide the optimal environmental conditions. Controlling thermal comfort of an air conditioning system requires estimation of thermal comfort index. In this study, fuzzy controller was used to provide thermal comfort in an air conditioning system, and neural network was used to estimate thermal comfort in the feedback path of the controller. Fuzzy controller has a good response given the non-linear features of air conditioning systems. In addition, the neural network makes it possible to use thermal comfort feedback in a real-time control.</span>

scholarly journals CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-394
Author(s):  
Fabiana Terezinha Leal de Morais ◽  
José Pinheiro Lopes Neto ◽  
Adriana Maria dos Santos ◽  
Patrício Gomes Leite ◽  
Raissa Gonçalves Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature ◽  
Poultry Farming

CONFORTO TÉRMICO E DESEMPENHO DE POEDEIRAS NA FASE INICIAL   FABIANA TEREZINHA LEAL DE MORAIS1, JOSÉ PINHEIRO LOPES NETO2, ADRIANA MARIA DOS SANTOS3, PATRÍCIO GOMES LEITE4, RAISSA GONÇALVES CAVALCANTI5   1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, Avenida Assis Chateaubriand, 101, Liberdade,58414-060, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 2 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected]. 3 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Alencar Pires de almeida, 07 – Centro, 58748-000, Água Branca, Paraíba, [email protected]. 4 Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected] 5 Mestra em Engenharia Agrícola: Lacra, UFCG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, [email protected].   RESUMO: Tendo em vista a importância do conforto térmico na avicultura de postura no Brasil, o objetivo geral destapesquisa foi avaliar o conforto térmico no galpão (pinteiro), localizado em uma granja comercial no município de Cuité (PB). A avaliação foi realizada com base nos dados de Índice da Temperatura do Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), avaliando o desempenho das pintainhas relacionado ao ganho de peso e as coletas de dados foram realizadas diariamente.Foi utilizado um galpão destinado para a fase de cria para aves da linhagem Lohmann LSL no período da terceira semana para desenvolvimento das aves, avaliando os valores de ITGU e comparando àqueles indicados pela literatura. Como resultados, observamos que foi possível manter as faixas de conforto térmicas bem próximas ao recomendado, e o ganho de peso mantiveram-se abaixo do indicado pelo manual da linhagem, os animais submetidos a condições térmicas adversas apresentaram menor ganho de peso.   Palavras-chave: ambiência, conforto térmico, ganho de peso.   THERMAL COMFORT AND POISER PERFORMANCE IN THE INITIAL PHASE (CRIA)   ABSTRACT: Considering the importance of thermal comfort in poultry farming in Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate the thermal comfort in the shed (pestle), located in a commercial farm in the municipality of Cuité - PB. The evaluation was performed based on the data of air temperature (ºC), relative humidity of the air (%), the black globe temperature for determination of the Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (ITGU). Weight gain on chicks and data collection were performed daily. The shed for the breeding phase of the Lohmann LSL line was used in the third week for bird development, evaluating the ITGU values and comparing to those indicated in the literature, we observed that it was possible to keep the thermal comfort bands very close to the recommended one, and the weight gain remained distant to that indicated by the lineage manual, the animals submitted to adverse thermal conditions showed less weight gain.   Keywords: ambience, thermal comfort, weight gain.

scholarly journals Microclimate and thermal comfort indices in silvopastoral systems under different planting directions and seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Rafael P. de Carvalho ◽  
Debora M. Heid ◽  
Livia M. C. Davide ◽  
Ligia M. M. da S. Piletti ◽  
Fernanda L. F. de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
East West ◽  
Comfort Indices

ABSTRACT The orientation of tree-rows in a silvopastoral system associated with different seasons of the year allows more or less sunlight penetration, resulting in deliberate modification of the microclimate composition and thermal conditions provided to animals. In this sense, the aims of this study were to evaluate microclimatic variables and thermal comfort indices for east-west and north-south oriented silvopastoral systems, compared to unshaded systems during summer and winter. The study was conducted at the Modelo II Farm (21° 08’ S 53° 17’ W) at an altitude of 354 m. A randomized block design in scheme of split-split plots with five repetitions was adopted. Two planting directions and a control treatment (unshaded) were evaluated in the plots. Collection times were evaluated in sub-plots, and the distance from eucalyptus trees was evaluated in sub-sub-plots. Changes in the east-west and north-south planting directions did not promote changes in climate variables, nor did they change the thermal comfort indices during summer. There were differences, however, in temperature and relative humidity of the air, black globe temperature, and radiant heat load during winter. Silvopastoral systems provide improvements in the environment and, concomitantly, to the thermal comfort of animals, when compared to unshaded systems. However, thermal stress situations occur despite the presence of trees, depending on the time of the day and the distance from the rows of eucalyptus trees.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort and Energy Use with Local Heaters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2912
Author(s):  
Jan Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Low Efficiency

This paper presents the investigation of a local heating system consisting of three heating mats incorporated within a sedentary workplace. Thermal comfort and individual power settings for the heating mats were studied in experiments with 41 human subjects. Experiments were performed in a climate chamber at two operative temperatures: 16 and 18 °C. Results showed that local heating systems improved occupants’ comfort and were able to create acceptable thermal conditions under both temperatures. The power settings identified were used to study the applicability of heating mats in an industrial hall. Multi-variant analysis of energy consumption for heating was carried out using an ESP-r (Environmental Systems Performance–Research) simulation program. The analysis results demonstrate that in some cases, the installation of local heating mats in industrial halls may reduce energy usage compared to having to heat the entire hall. However, the benefits depend on numerous parameters. Local heating is most advantageous when installed in halls with a small number of workstations, small internal heat gains, and low-efficiency central heating systems. In reality for the satisfactory implementation of local heating systems for a particular application, it is advised to perform analysis for the specific local conditions. In order to improve the effectiveness of local heating systems, an advanced heating control strategy should be considered.

scholarly journals Thermal Indices Influence on Occupants’ Window Opening Behaviours: A Case of Ibadan and Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrasaq Kunle Ayinla ◽  
Ilelabayo Ismail Adebisi ◽  
Olubunmi Adedayo Olaoye ◽  
Emmanuel Oloruntoba Aina
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Window opening operations are considered as one of the significant way of regulating indoor climate and maintaining thermal comfort in buildings, even when alternative active devices such as fans and air conditioners are available. This study investigates responses of occupants of the traditional core areas of Ibadan and Ogbomoso to thermal comfort conditions (thermal stress) through window opening behaviours. Climatic data of the two cities were subjected to Evans scale to predict their day and night thermal stress and questionnaires were administered to know how occupants respond to changing thermal conditions through window opening behaviours. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing the data.The study found the morning periods to be the most comfortable, the afternoon periods offer the most hot discomfort condition and cold discomfort is mostly experienced in the evening periods in both cities. Findings revealed that majority of occupants in both cities prefer to keep their windows opened in the morning and afternoon periods and an increase was observed in the numbers of occupants who prefer to keep their windows closed in the evening periods. This is an indication that building occupants in both cities actively respond to thermal stress using window opening operations. Results obtained from chi square analysis concluded that there is a significant relationship between occupants’ window opening behaviour and thermal conditions at different periods of the day in both cities. Recommendations were given on how to improve on window opening systems in the future.

scholarly journals Outdoor Thermal Comfort Analysis in a Cold Continental Climate: The Case of a Pedestrian-Only Street in Downtown Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Marleau
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Continental Climate

Increased interest in urban thermal comfort has emerged in recent years with unpredictable weather patterns and unprecedented temperature extremes around the world. Urban modelling computer software can help with understanding interactions between built environment and microclimates. However, results of simulations can be difficult to interpret if acceptable thermal conditions for a location are unknown. Using a compound approach of field investigation and microclimate modelling for a pedestrian-only street in Toronto, Canada, this study investigates urban outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) in a cold continental climate. Four thermal indices were used to analyze field data and the results were compared with OTC research conducted in other climates. In this study, the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) provided the strongest annual correlation with the pedestrian thermal sensation votes. A PET comfort range between 9°C and 24°C was found. Survey results were then used to interpret the simulated effect of urban vegetation within the case study microclimate during a summer scenario.

scholarly journals KENYAMANAN TERMAL ADAPTIF MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI JAYAPURA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Indah Sari Zulfiana
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Preferences

To get good quality learning, a comfortable study room is needed both visually, audally and thermally. Thermal comfort is greatly influenced by the climatic conditions of a region. In areas with high daily air temperature, high humidity and low air velocity, it is difficult to produce thermal comfort with natural air conditioning. Jayapura City is one of the cities in Indonesia with daily air temperature and high humidity and low air velocity. Therefore, adaptive processes are needed to achieve thermal comfort in spaces, including study rooms. Each human's adaptive thermal comfort is different according to local climatic conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the adaptive thermal comfort of students in naturally ventilated classrooms at the Jayapura University of Science and Technology (USTJ) in the city of Jayapura, Papua, namely students 'neutrality, acceptance and thermal preferences, as well as students' adaptive behavior in achieving thermal comfort. This research was conducted in one of USTJ's classrooms in Jayapura, Papua. Four environmental parameters were measured, namely temperature, humidity, wind speed, and mean radiant temperature (MRT). The data were obtained through filling out a questionnaire to 100 USTJ students during the space measurement. Thermal neutrality data were analyzed using regression analysis using SPSS software, while thermal acceptance and preference and adaptive behavior were analyzed based on the results of the questionnaire answers. The results showed that USTJ students' thermal neutrality was at 29.°C Ta or 29.55°C Top. all students can accept the thermal conditions of the room, but 59% of students choose to want the room to be cooler due to their thermal preferences. The adaptive behavior that is carried out is turning on the fan, picking up objects to be used as a fan, leaving the room and drinking more often.

Analysis on Thermal Comfort of Air-Conditioned Buildings in Malaysia: Case Study of Universiti Tenaga Nasional

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1665-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Asadi ◽  
Ibrahim Hussein ◽  
Kumaran Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Moment

Field study was carried out on the thermal conditions and thermal comfort of occupants in air conditioned buildings in Malaysia. The study was carried out in 10 staff offices and 6 student study areas of Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) during October and November 2013, collecting a full set of objective physical measurements and subjective assessments through questionnaires. The measured environmental parameters were air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. The subjective responses concern the judgment of the occupants about the thermal environment at the moment of measurements. The obtained results showed that most places are in acceptable and comfort zone according to Fanger’s predicted mean vote (PMV) model. The neutral air temperature obtained through linear regression analysis of thermal sensation vote (TSV) is 23.9°C for UNITEN. The result of this study demonstrates that the acceptability of thermal comfort among UNITEN occupant is about 78 %.

scholarly journals Post-occupancy evaluation of outdoor thermal comfort in hot arid zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Shawesh ◽  
Mady Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Post Occupancy Evaluation ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Globe Temperature

Abstract Human comfort and healthy environments lie at the core of every debate about outdoor spaces nowadays. Thermal comfort is a vital concern for planners and designers in order to produce a healthy and thermally comfortable environment, since the influence of different climates and user groups has been found to greatly alter the range of responses for thermal comfort calculations. This requires Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) with an integration of the appropriate outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) index. This paper presents the results of a detailed assessment for the OTC in hot arid zone (HAZ) using the most suitable thermal index. A case study was selected from Effat Campus, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to represent the HAZ. Subjective assessment employed the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and the predictive mean vote (PMV) thermal indices in analysing the results of online and self-directed questionnaires while objective assessment employed a hand-held anemometer that was used to measure wind speed, whereas the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) SD Card Logger with a black globe thermometer 75 mm in diameter and emissivity of 0.95 was used to measure the globe temperature. The physical measurements were later used to calculate the mean radiant temperature (MRT) and consequently the PET index using RayMan Software. The results confirmed the significance of the shading strategy on OTC. The study revealed that there is no percentage as shading is permitting people to use the space; otherwise, in hot arid zone, the space would be completely unusable under the sun while the PET is more suitable than the PMV index.

scholarly journals Investigating the Behaviour of Human Thermal Indices under Divergent Atmospheric Conditions: A Sensitivity Analysis Approach

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Charalampopoulos ◽  
Andre Santos Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort

This paper aims to analyse and conclude about the behaviour of the most commonly used human thermal comfort indices under a variety of atmospheric conditions in order to provide further information about their appropriateness. Utilising Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), this article examines the indices’ sensitivity when exposed to diverse classified atmospheric conditions. Concentrated upon analysing commonly used human thermal indices, two Statistical/Algebraic indices (Thermohygrometric Index (THI) and HUMIDEX (HUM)), and four Energy Balance Model indices (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), modified PET (mPET), Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), and Perceived Temperature (PT)) were selected. The results of the study are twofold, the identification of (1) index sensitivity to parameters’ variation, and change rates, resultant of different atmospheric conditions; and, (2) the overall pertinence of each of the indices for local thermal comfort evaluation. The results indicate that the thermohygrometric indices cannot follow and present the thermal conditions’ variations. On the other hand, UTCI is very sensitive under low radiation condition, and PET/mPET present higher sensitivity when the weather is dominated by high radiation and air temperature. PT index provides the lower sensitive among the human energy balance indices, but this is adequately sensitive to describe the thermal comfort environment.

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