scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Lighting at the Entrance of Very Long Tunnels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mehri ◽  
Javad Sajedifar ◽  
Milad Abbasi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tajbakhsh ◽  
Farough Mohammadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Device Model ◽  
Average Luminance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Hole Effect ◽  
Tunnel Entrance

Background: One of the major topics related to the very long tunnels is dark hole effect. This is a common phenomenon caused by the sunlight reflected from the surroundings of the tunnel to the eyes of drivers and the lack of sufficient light at the tunnels' entrance, which decreases the contrast of barriers inside the tunnel and also makes it difficult to see potential obstacles at the entrance. The result is an increased risk of traffic accidents in these tunnels. Therefore, the aim of this research is to subjectively assessment the safe rate of lighting in one of the very long tunnels located in the province of Ilam. Methods: To subject evaluation the safe rate of lighting at the tunnel entrances, two parameters of the average luminance of tunnel entrance and equivalent luminance are required. In this study, Luminancemeter device model S3 was used to measure the average luminance of tunnel entrance. Then, to calculate the equivalent luminance, a YASHICA108 camera with a 35 mm lens was photographed at a distance between the tunnel entrance and a safe stopping point, and then the Holliday polar diagram was used to calculate equivalent luminance (accordance with the standard CIE88-2004). Results: In this study, the average luminance at tunnel's entrance was equal to 17 , the luminance was equal to 127.5  Using the ADRENAL equation, the quality of lightening at the tunnel entrance was less than 1. Conclusion: Comparison of the results obtained from the healthy and safety rate of lighting levels at the tunnel's entrance with the De Boer mental scale indicated that a dark hole effect occurs at the entrance of the tunnel under investigation and the light sources installed at the entrance of this tunnel did not have the sufficient ability to inhibit the dark hole effect.

The Influence Of The Led Luminaires Electrical Parameters On Their Correlated Colour Temperature During Operation Mode

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Kapitonov ◽  
Alexei S. Vinokurov ◽  
Sergei V. Prytkov ◽  
Sergei Yu. Grigorovich ◽  
Anastasia V. Kapitonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article describes the results of comprehensive study aiming at increase of quality of LED luminaires and definition of the nature of changes in their correlated colour temperature (CCT) in the course of operation. Dependences of CCT of LED luminaires with remote and close location of phosphor for 10 thousand hours of operation in different electric modes were obtained; the results of comparison between the initial and final radiation spectra of the luminaires are presented; using mathematical statistics methods, variation of luminaire CCT over the service period claimed by the manufacturer is forecast; the least favourable electric operation modes with the highest CCT variation observed are defined. The obtained results have confirmed availability of the problem of variation of CCT of LED luminaires during their operation. Possible way of its resolution is application of more qualitative and therefore expensive LEDs with close proximity of phosphor or LEDs with remote phosphor. The article may be interesting both for manufacturers and consumers of LED light sources and lighting devices using them.

Expert System for Quality Assessment of Electronic Book Exhibitions

2013 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Savkina
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Electronic Books ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The article presents the results of testing the complex methodology of assessment of quality of electronic books exhibitions (EBE). The author describes the project of the expert system, allowing to implement the EBE assessment without the experts’ participation. There is given the comparison of the results of assessments, carried out by experts and by the expert system.

Assessment of the Therapeutic Effect of Physiotherapy on Minimizing Imbalances of Geriatric Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Justyna Pawlak ◽  
Małgorzata Dudkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Kikowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Climbing Stairs ◽  
Tinetti Test

Introduction: The progressing aging process and comorbidities worsen the efficiency of the balance system in the elderly, which leads to a weakening of stability and, as a consequence, to falls and injuries. The first ones lead to: worsening of functioning, reduced mobility, an increased risk of disease and mortality, therefore systematic physical activity and shaping the balance using physiotherapy, which can prevent dangerous falls is very important. Aim: Assessment of the therapeutic effect of physiotherapy on minimizing imbalances in geriatric patients. M aterial and Methods: The study group consisted of 46 people, including 32 women (69.6%) and 14 men (30.4%); average age of respondents – 72.5 years. They were patients of the Department of Rehabilitation of Poddębice Health Center, Ltd. The researchers used a self-made questionnaire, body mass to height index (BMI) and the Tinetti Test. Results: Patients with an elevated BMI (89.1%), as well as those taking more than 4 medication (78.3%), have had more falls over the past year (respectively 91.4% and 81.4%). After the use of comprehensive therapy, none of the patients achieved a worse result than before the physiotherapy while 91.3% of the respondents had an increase in the number of points scored in the Tinetti Test. The percentage of patients at high risk of falling reduced from 67.4% to 37%. There was also a decrease in the fear of walking (in 58.7%), falling (in 57.7%) and climbing stairs (in 47.9%). According to 78.3% of respondents, physiotherapy positively affected their independence and quality of life. Conclusions: The use of comprehensive physiotherapy reduces the fear of walking, climbing stairs and falling, which can be a good predictor of prevention. Both polypragmasia and an elevated body mass index (BMI) increase the risk of falling. Comprehensive physiotherapy of geriatric patients helps to improve balance and gait stereotype. Physiotherapy for the elderly helps improve the quality of life, independence, minimize imbalances, and thus reduce the risk of falls. Balance exercises play an important role in preventing falls.

Lung Function and Quality of Life in Workers with Chemical and Dust Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ruxandra Otelea ◽  
Oana Cristina Arghir ◽  
Corina Zugravu ◽  
Eugenia Naghi ◽  
Sabina Antoniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Occupational Settings

Regarding the widely distribution of respiratory exposure hazards in occupational settings, workers have an increased risk for chronic lung diseases. For assessing the quality of life and lung function in workers exposed to chemicals and dust, St George�s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and spirometry were performed among 40 patients, admitted in Occupational Clinic Department of Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, during February, 2017. SGRQ showed different predictors for patients according to their occupational exposure and total symptoms score correlated better with decreased spirometric parameters in defining lung function deterioration. Quality of life is earlier affected than lung function deterioration and emphasises the need of more sensitive methods for an earlier identification and better evaluation of respiratory hazards in different workplaces.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Epilepsy in Down Syndrome: A Highly Prevalent Comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for epilepsy during the whole lifespan, but especially after age 40 years. The increase in the number of individuals with DS living into late middle age due to improved health care is resulting in an increase in epilepsy prevalence in this population. However, these epileptic seizures are probably underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. This late onset epilepsy is linked to the development of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the main comorbidity in adults with DS with a cumulative incidence of more than 90% of adults by the seventh decade. More than 50% of patients with DS and AD dementia will most likely develop epilepsy, which in this context has a specific clinical presentation in the form of generalized myoclonic epilepsy. This epilepsy, named late onset myoclonic epilepsy (LOMEDS) affects the quality of life, might be associated with worse cognitive and functional outcomes in patients with AD dementia and has an impact on mortality. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of epileptic seizures in the DS population, with a special emphasis on LOMEDS. Raised awareness and a better understanding of epilepsy in DS from families, caregivers and clinicians could enable earlier diagnoses and better treatments for individuals with DS.

scholarly journals Potential of Beetroot and Blackcurrant Compounds to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Cameron Haswell ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Roger Hurst ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concentrations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities, which together lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as reduced quality of life. Dietary nitrate, betalains and anthocyanins may improve risk factors for MetS and reduce the risk of development of CHD and T2DM. Beetroot is a rich source of dietary nitrate, and anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in blackcurrants. This narrative review considers the efficacy of beetroot and blackcurrant compounds as potential agents to improve MetS risk factors, which could lead to decreased risk of CHD and T2DM. Further research is needed to establish the mechanisms through which these outcomes may occur, and chronic supplementation studies in humans may corroborate promising findings from animal models and acute human trials.

scholarly journals Estrogens and Progestogens in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Do They Harm?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2506
Author(s):  
Mark van Barele ◽  
Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen ◽  
Yvonne V. Louwers ◽  
Mijntje B. Vastbinder ◽  
John W. M. Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) occur more frequently in younger women and do not express estrogen receptor (ER) nor progesterone receptor (PR), and are therefore often considered hormone-insensitive. Treatment of premenopausal TNBC patients almost always includes chemotherapy, which may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and can severely impact quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated for patients with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but the data on safety for TNBC patients is inconclusive, with a few randomized trials showing increased risk-ratios with wide confidence intervals for recurrence after HRT. Here, we review the literature on alternative pathways from the classical ER/PR. We find that for both estrogens and progestogens, potential alternatives exist for exerting their effects on TNBC, ranging from receptor conversion, to alternative receptors capable of binding estrogens, as well as paracrine pathways, such as RANK/RANKL, which can cause progestogens to indirectly stimulate growth and metastasis of TNBC. Finally, HRT may also influence other hormones, such as androgens, and their effects on TNBCs expressing androgen receptors (AR). Concluding, the assumption that TNBC is completely hormone-insensitive is incorrect. However, the direction of the effects of the alternative pathways is not always clear, and will need to be investigated further.

scholarly journals Early and Late Postoperative Seizures in Meningioma Patients and Prediction by a Recent Scoring System

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Peter Baumgarten ◽  
Mana Sarlak ◽  
Daniel Monden ◽  
Andrea Spyrantis ◽  
Simon Bernatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Temporal Location ◽  
Meningioma Surgery ◽  
Impaired Quality

Seizures are among the most common symptoms of meningioma. This retrospective study sought to identify risk factors for early and late seizures in meningioma patients and to evaluate a modified STAMPE2 score. In 556 patients who underwent meningioma surgery, we correlated different risk factors with the occurrence of postoperative seizures. A modified STAMPE2 score was applied. Risk factors for preoperative seizures were edema (p = 0.039) and temporal location (p = 0.038). For postoperative seizures preoperative tumor size (p < 0.001), sensomotory deficit (p = 0.004) and sphenoid wing location (p = 0.032) were independent risk factors. In terms of postoperative status epilepticus; sphenoid wing location (p = 0.022), tumor volume (p = 0.045) and preoperative seizures (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors. Postoperative seizures lead to a KPS deterioration and thus an impaired quality of life (p < 0.001). Late seizures occurred in 43% of patients with postoperative seizures. The small sub-cohort of patients (2.7%) with a STAMPE2 score of more than six points had a significantly increased risk for seizures (p < 0.001, total risk 70%). We concluded that besides distinct risk factors, high scores of the modified STAMPE2 score could estimate the risk of postoperative seizures. However, it seems not transferable to our cohort

scholarly journals Characterizing Color Quality, Damage to Artwork, and Light Intensity of Multi-Primary LEDs for Museums

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Dorukalp Durmus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Trade Offs

Light causes damage when it is absorbed by sensitive artwork, such as oil paintings. However, light is needed to initiate vision and display artwork. The dilemma between visibility and damage, coupled with the inverse relationship between color quality and energy efficiency, poses a challenge for curators, conservators, and lighting designers in identifying optimal light sources. Multi-primary LEDs can provide great flexibility in terms of color quality, damage reduction, and energy efficiency for artwork illumination. However, there are no established metrics that quantify the output variability or highlight the trade-offs between different metrics. Here, various metrics related to museum lighting (damage, the color quality of paintings, illuminance, luminous efficacy of radiation) are analyzed using a voxelated 3-D volume. The continuous data in each dimension of the 3-D volume are converted to discrete data by identifying a significant minimum value (unit voxel). Resulting discretized 3-D volumes display the trade-offs between selected measures. It is possible to quantify the volume of the graph by summing unique voxels, which enables comparison of the performance of different light sources. The proposed representation model can be used for individual pigments or paintings with numerous pigments. The proposed method can be the foundation of a damage appearance model (DAM).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document