scholarly journals Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and seizure: An insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Zareh-Shahamati ◽  
Mahyar Noorbakhsh ◽  
Hadi Digaleh ◽  
Behnam Safarpour-Lima ◽  
Behnam Safarpour-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Hematogenous Spread ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Based on previous studies, seizure has been reported to accompany coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Underlying mechanisms are those leading to the direct central nervous system (CNS) invasion through hematogenous spread or trans-synaptic retrograde invasion, causing meningoencephalitis. On the other hand, there are pathophysiologic mechanisms that seizure would be one of their early consequences, such as cytokine storm, hypoxemia, metabolic derangement, and structural brain lesions. Herein, we focused on available evidence to provide an insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms that link seizure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as a better understanding of pathophysiology would lead to better diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals In Utero Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Von Kohorn ◽  
Sydney R Stein ◽  
Beatrix T Shikani ◽  
Marcos J Ramos-Benitez ◽  
Kevin M Vannella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Hematogenous Spread ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Evidence for in utero transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is growing but not definitive. We present a case of neonatal infection that supports in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and provides insight into the hematogenous spread from mother to fetus.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Neurological Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijia Yu ◽  
Mingjun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Supportive Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies

Our review aims to highlight the neurological complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the available treatments according to the existing literature, discussing the underlying mechanisms. Since the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has induced a worldwide pandemic that has threatened numerous lives. Fever, dry cough, and respiratory symptoms are typical manifestations of COVID-19. Recently, several neurological complications of the central and peripheral nervous systems following SARS-CoV-2 infection have gained clinicians' attention. Encephalopathy, stroke, encephalitis/meningitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis are considered probable neurological signs of COVID-19. The virus may invade the nervous system directly or induce a massive immune inflammatory response via a “cytokine storm.” Specific antiviral drugs are still under study. To date, immunomodulatory therapies and supportive treatment are the predominant strategies. In order to improve the management of COVID-19 patients, it is crucial to monitor the onset of new neurological complications and to explore drugs/vaccines targeted against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals A high-resolution temporal atlas of the SARS-CoV-2 translatome and transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyeon Kim ◽  
Sukjun Kim ◽  
Joori Park ◽  
Hee Ryung Chang ◽  
Jeeyoon Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Translation Initiation Site ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractCOVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infected >200 million people resulting in >4 million deaths. However, temporal landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 translatome and its impact on the human genome remain unexplored. Here, we report a high-resolution atlas of the translatome and transcriptome of SARS-CoV-2 for various time points after infecting human cells. Intriguingly, substantial amount of SARS-CoV-2 translation initiates at a novel translation initiation site (TIS) located in the leader sequence, termed TIS-L. Since TIS-L is included in all the genomic and subgenomic RNAs, the SARS-CoV-2 translatome may be regulated by a sophisticated interplay between TIS-L and downstream TISs. TIS-L functions as a strong translation enhancer for ORF S, and as translation suppressors for most of the other ORFs. Our global temporal atlas provides compelling insight into unique regulation of the SARS-CoV-2 translatome and helps comprehensively evaluate its impact on the human genome.

scholarly journals Symptomatic Dystonias Associated with Structural Brain Lesions: Report of 16 Cases

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Kostià ◽  
Marina Stojanovié-Svetel ◽  
Aleksandra Kacar
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Focal Dystonia ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Structural Brain

ABSTRACT:Background:Symptomatic (secondary) dystonias associated isolated lesions in the brain provide insight into etiopathogenesis of the idiopathic form of dystonia and are a basis for establishing the possible correlation between the anatomy of a lesion and the type of dystonia according to muscles affected.Methods:In 358 patients with differently distributed dystonias, a group of 16 patients (4.5%) was encountered in whom dystonia was associated with focal brain lesions.Results:Of the 16 patients, 3 patients had generalized, 3 segmental and 4 hemidystonia, while the remaining 6 patients had focal dystonia. The most frequent etiologies were infarction in 7, and tumor in 4 patients. These lesions were usually found in the lenticular and caudate nucleus, thalamus, and in the case of blepharospasm in the upper brainstem.Conclusions:Our results support the suggestion that dystonia is caused by a dysfunction of the basal ganglia.

scholarly journals Deciphering keys genes in Cardio-renal Syndrome using network analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Romana Ishrat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Peptidase Inhibitor ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a rapidly recognized clinical entity which refers to the inextricably connection between heart and renal impairment, whereby abnormality to one organ directly promotes deterioration of the other one. Biological markers help to gain insight into the pathological processes for early diagnosis with higher accuracy of CRS using known clinical findings. Therefore, it is of interest to identify target genes in associated pathways implicated linked to CRS. Hence, 119 CRS genes were extracted from the literature to construct the PPIN network. We used the MCODE tool to generate modules from network so as to select the top 10 modules from 23 available modules. The modules were further analyzed to identify 12 essential genes in the network. These biomarkers are potential emerging tools for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms for the early diagnosis of CRS. Ontological analysis shows that they are rich in MF protease binding and endo-peptidase inhibitor activity. Thus, this data help increase our knowledge on CRS to improve clinical management of the disease

A Bird in the Hand Isn’t Good for Long

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Simon Frisch ◽  
Maja Dshemuchadse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Folk wisdom tells us that additional time to make a decision helps us to refrain from the first impulse to take the bird in the hand. However, the question why the time to decide plays an important role is still unanswered. Here we distinguish two explanations, one based on a bias in value accumulation that has to be overcome with time, the other based on cognitive control processes that need time to set in. In an intertemporal decision task, we use mouse tracking to study participants’ responses to options’ values and delays which were presented sequentially. We find that the information about options’ delays does indeed lead to an immediate bias that is controlled afterwards, matching the prediction of control processes needed to counter initial impulses. Hence, by using a dynamic measure, we provide insight into the processes underlying short-term oriented choices in intertemporal decision making.

Correlational Methods for Analysis of Dance Movements

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Brick ◽  
Steven M. Boker
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Motion Capture Data ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Insight Into

Among the qualities that distinguish dance from other types of human behavior and interaction are the creation and breaking of synchrony and symmetry. The combination of symmetry and synchrony can provide complex interactions. For example, two dancers might make very different movements, slowing each time the other sped up: a mirror symmetry of velocity. Examining patterns of synchrony and symmetry can provide insight into both the artistic nature of the dance, and the nature of the perceptions and responses of the dancers. However, such complex symmetries are often difficult to quantify. This paper presents three methods – Generalized Local Linear Approximation, Time-lagged Autocorrelation, and Windowed Cross-correlation – for the exploration of symmetry and synchrony in motion-capture data as is it applied to dance and illustrate these with examples from a study of free-form dance. Combined, these techniques provide powerful tools for the examination of the structure of symmetry and synchrony in dance.

Marx, Silk Poems, and the Pretext of Qualities

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-126
Author(s):  
Kathryn Crim
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Working Day ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Karl Marx’s comments on silk manufacture in “The Working Day” chapter of Capital, volume 1, demonstrate how “quality”—usually associated with “use value”—has been mobilized by capital to naturalize industrialized labor. Putting his insight into conversation with a recent multimedia poetic project, Jen Bervin’s Silk Poems (2016–17), this essay examines the homology between, on the one hand, poetry’s avowed task of fitting form to content and, on the other, the ideology of labor that fits specific bodies to certain materials and tasks.

Spiritualism in Raymond Carver’s Work

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Viola Kita
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Raymond Carver ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Christian Writer ◽  
Spiritual Reading ◽  
Insight Into

Raymond Carver’s work provides the opportunity for a spiritual reading. The article that offers the greatest insight into spirituality is William Stull’s “Beyond Hopelessville: Another Side of Raymond Carver.” In it we can notice the darkness which is dominant in Carver’s early works with the optimism that is an essential part of Carver’s work “Cathedral”. A careful reading of “A Small Good Thing” and “The Bath” can give the idea that they are based on the allegory of spiritual rebirth which can be interpreted as a “symbol of Resurrection”. Despite Stull’s insisting in Carver’s stories allusions based on the Bible, it cannot be proved that the writer has made use of Christian imagery. Therefore, it can be concluded that spirituality in Carver’s work is one of the most confusing topics so far in the literary world because on one hand literary critics find a lot of biblical elements and on the other hand Carver himself refuses to be analyzed as a Christian writer.

Intimacy as Transgression and the Problem of Freedom

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kym Maclaren
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
What Matters

“To consent to love or be loved,” said Merleau-Ponty, “is to consent also to influence someone else, to decide to a certain extent on behalf of the other.” This essay explicates that idea through a meditation on intimacy. I propose, first, that, on Merleau-Ponty’s account, we are always transgressing into each other’s experience, whether we are strangers or familiars; I call this “ontological intimacy.” Concrete experiences of intimacy are based upon this ontological intimacy, and can take place at two levels: (1) at-this-moment (such that we can experience intimacy even with strangers, by sharing a momentary but extra-ordinary mutual recognition) and (2) in shared interpersonal institutions, or habitual, enduring, and co-enacted visions of who we are, how to live, and what matters. Through particular examples of dynamics within these layers of intimacy (drawing upon work by Berne and by Russon), I claim that we are always, inevitably, imposing an “unfreedom” upon our intimate others. Freedom, then, can only develop from within and by virtue of this “unfreedom.” Thus, what distinguishes empowering or emancipating relationships from oppressive ones is not the removal of transgressive normative social forces; it is rather the particular character of those transgressive forces. Some transgressions upon others’ experience—some forms of “unfreedom”—will tend to promote freedom; others will tend to hinder it. This amounts to a call for promoting agency and freedom not only through critical analysis of public institutions, practices and discourses, but also through critical insight into and transformation of our most private and intimate relationships.

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